(Перенаправлен с Полония-212 )
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Полоний ( 84 Po) имеет 42 изотопа , все из которых радиоактивны , с количеством нуклонов от 186 до 227. 210 Po с периодом полураспада 138,376 дней имеет самый длительный период полураспада из встречающихся в природе полония. 209 Po с периодом полураспада 125,2 года имеет самый продолжительный период полураспада среди всех изотопов полония. 209 Po и 208 Po (период полураспада 2,9 года) могут быть получены путем бомбардировки протонами висмута в циклотроне . [2]
Список изотопов [ править ]
Нуклид [n 1] | Историческое название | Z | N | Изотопная масса ( Да ) [n 2] [n 3] | Период полураспада | Режим распада | Дочерний изотоп [n 4] [n 5] | Спин и четность [n 6] [n 7] | Изотопное изобилие |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Энергия возбуждения [n 7] | |||||||||
186 Po | 84 | 102 | 186.0044 (18) | 34 (12) мкс | α | 182 Pb | 0+ | ||
187 По | 84 | 103 | 187.00304 (30) | 1,40 (0,25) мс | α | 183 Пб | (1 / 2-), (5 / 2-) | ||
187m Po | 4 (27) кэВ | 0,5 мс | 13/2 + # | ||||||
188 По | 84 | 104 | 187.999422 (21) | 430 (180) мкс [0,40 (+ 20−15) мс] | α | 184 Пб | 0+ | ||
189 По | 84 | 105 | 188.998481 (24) | 5 (1) мс | α | 185 Пб | 3 / 2- # | ||
190 По | 84 | 106 | 189.995101 (14) | 2,46 (5) мс | α (99,9%) | 186 Пб | 0+ | ||
β + (0,1%) | 190 Би | ||||||||
191 По | 84 | 107 | 190,994574 (12) | 22 (1) мс | α | 187 Pb | 3 / 2- # | ||
β + (редко) | 191 Би | ||||||||
191m Po | 130 (21) кэВ | 93 (3) мс | (13/2 +) | ||||||
192 Po | 84 | 108 | 191.991335 (13) | 32,2 (3) мс | α (99%) | 188 Пб | 0+ | ||
β + (1%) | 192 Би | ||||||||
192 м Po | 2600 (500) # кэВ | ~ 1 мкс | 12 + # | ||||||
193 По | 84 | 109 | 192.99103 (4) | 420 (40) мс [370 (+ 46-40) мс] | α | 189 Pb | 3 / 2- # | ||
β + (редко) | 193 Би | ||||||||
193 м Po | 100 (30) # кэВ | 240 (10) мс [243 (+ 11−10) мс] | α | 189 Pb | (13/2 +) | ||||
β + (редко) | 193 Би | ||||||||
194 По | 84 | 110 | 193.988186 (13) | 0,392 (4) с | α | 190 Пб | 0+ | ||
β + (редко) | 194 Би | ||||||||
194m Po | 2525 (2) кэВ | 15 (2) мкс | (11-) | ||||||
195 По | 84 | 111 | 194.98811 (4) | 4.64 (9) с | α (75%) | 191 Pb | 3 / 2- # | ||
β + (25%) | 195 Би | ||||||||
195m Po | 110 (50) кэВ | 1,92 (2) с | α (90%) | 191 Pb | 13/2 + # | ||||
β + (10%) | 195 Би | ||||||||
ИТ (0,01%) | 195 По | ||||||||
196 По | 84 | 112 | 195.985535 (14) | 5.56 (12) с | α (94%) | 192 Pb | 0+ | ||
β + (6%) | 196 Би | ||||||||
196m Po | 2490,5 (17) кэВ | 850 (90) нс | (11-) | ||||||
197 По | 84 | 113 | 196.98566 (5) | 53,6 (10) с | β + (54%) | 197 Би | (3/2-) | ||
α (44%) | 193 Пб | ||||||||
197m Po | 230 (80) # кэВ | 25,8 (1) с | α (84%) | 193 Пб | (13/2 +) | ||||
β + (16%) | 197 Би | ||||||||
ИТ (0,01%) | 197 По | ||||||||
198 По | 84 | 114 | 197.983389 (19) | 1,77 (3) мин | α (57%) | 194 Пб | 0+ | ||
β + (43%) | 198 Би | ||||||||
198 мл Po | 2565.92 (20) кэВ | 200 (20) нс | 11− | ||||||
198м2 Po | 2691.86 (20) кэВ | 750 (50) нс | 12+ | ||||||
199 По | 84 | 115 | 198.983666 (25) | 5,48 (16) мин | β + (92,5%) | 199 Би | (3/2-) | ||
α (7,5%) | 195 Pb | ||||||||
199m Po | 312.0 (28) кэВ | 4,17 (4) мин | β + (73,5%) | 199 Би | 13/2 + | ||||
α (24%) | 195 Pb | ||||||||
ИТ (2,5%) | 199 По | ||||||||
200 Po | 84 | 116 | 199.981799 (15) | 11,5 (1) мин | β + (88,8%) | 200 Би | 0+ | ||
α (11,1%) | 196 Пб | ||||||||
201 Po | 84 | 117 | 200.982260 (6) | 15,3 (2) мин | β + (98,4%) | 201 Би | 3 / 2- | ||
α (1,6%) | 197 Pb | ||||||||
201 м Po | 424,1 (24) кэВ | 8,9 (2) мин | IT (56%) | 201 Po | 13/2 + | ||||
ЭК (41%) | 201 Би | ||||||||
α (2,9%) | 197 Pb | ||||||||
202 Po | 84 | 118 | 201.980758 (16) | 44,7 (5) мин | β + (98%) | 202 Би | 0+ | ||
α (2%) | 198 Pb | ||||||||
202 м Po | 2626,7 (7) кэВ | > 200 нс | 11− | ||||||
203 Po | 84 | 119 | 202,981420 (28) | 36,7 (5) мин | β + (99,89%) | 203 Би | 5 / 2- | ||
α (0,11%) | 199 Pb | ||||||||
203 мл Po | 641,49 (17) кэВ | 45 (2) с | ИТ (99,96%) | 203 Po | 13/2 + | ||||
α (0,04%) | 199 Pb | ||||||||
203м2 Po | 2158,5 (6) кэВ | > 200 нс | |||||||
204 По | 84 | 120 | 203.980318 (12) | 3,53 (2) ч | β + (99,33%) | 204 Би | 0+ | ||
α (0,66%) | 200 Пб | ||||||||
205 По | 84 | 121 | 204.981203 (21) | 1,66 (2) ч | β + (99,96%) | 205 Би | 5 / 2- | ||
α (0,04%) | 201 Pb | ||||||||
205 мл Po | 143,166 (17) кэВ | 310 (60) нс | 1 / 2- | ||||||
205м2 Po | 880.30 (4) кэВ | 645 мкс | 13/2 + | ||||||
205м3 Po | 1461.21 (21) кэВ | 57,4 (9) мс | ЭТО | 205 По | 19 / 2− | ||||
205м4 Po | 3087.2 (4) кэВ | 115 (10) нс | 29 / 2− | ||||||
206 Po | 84 | 122 | 205.980481 (9) | 8,8 (1) д | β + (94,55%) | 206 Би | 0+ | ||
α (5,45%) | 202 Пб | ||||||||
206 мл Po | 1585.85(11) keV | 222(10) ns | (8+)# | ||||||
206m2Po | 2262.22(14) keV | 1.05(6) μs | (9−)# | ||||||
207Po | 84 | 123 | 206.981593(7) | 5.80(2) h | β+ (99.97%) | 207Bi | 5/2− | ||
α (.021%) | 203Pb | ||||||||
207m1Po | 68.573(14) keV | 205(10) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
207m2Po | 1115.073(16) keV | 49(4) μs | 13/2+ | ||||||
207m3Po | 1383.15(6) keV | 2.79(8) s | IT | 207Po | 19/2− | ||||
208Po | 84 | 124 | 207.9812457(19) | 2.898(2) y | α (99.99%) | 204Pb | 0+ | ||
β+ (.00277%) | 208Bi | ||||||||
209Po | 84 | 125 | 208.9824304(20) | 125.2(3.3) y[3] | α (99.52%) | 205Pb | 1/2− | ||
β+ (.48%) | 209Bi | ||||||||
210Po[n 8] | Radium F | 84 | 126 | 209.9828737(13) | 138.376(2) d | α | 206Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] |
210mPo | 5057.61(4) keV | 263(5) ns | 16+ | ||||||
211Po | Actinium C' | 84 | 127 | 210.9866532(14) | 0.516(3) s | α | 207Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] |
211m1Po | 1462(5) keV | 25.2(6) s | α (99.98%) | 207Pb | (25/2+) | ||||
IT (.016%) | 211Po | ||||||||
211m2Po | 2135.7(9) keV | 243(21) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||
211m3Po | 4873.3(17) keV | 2.8(7) μs | (43/2+) | ||||||
212Po | Thorium C' | 84 | 128 | 211.9888680(13) | 299(2) ns | α | 208Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] |
212mPo | 2911(12) keV | 45.1(6) s | α (99.93%) | 208Pb | (18+) | ||||
IT (.07%) | 212Po | ||||||||
213Po | 84 | 129 | 212.992857(3) | 3.65(4) μs | α | 209Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 12] | |
214Po | Radium C' | 84 | 130 | 213.9952014(16) | 164.3(20) μs | α | 210Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] |
215Po | Actinium A | 84 | 131 | 214.9994200(27) | 1.781(4) ms | α (99.99%) | 211Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] |
β− (2.3×10−4%) | 215At | ||||||||
216Po | Thorium A | 84 | 132 | 216.0019150(24) | 0.145(2) s | α | 212Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] |
β−β− (rare) | 216Rn | ||||||||
217Po | 84 | 133 | 217.006335(7) | 1.47(5) s | α (95%) | 213Pb | 5/2+# | ||
β− (5%) | 217At | ||||||||
218Po | Radium A | 84 | 134 | 218.0089730(26) | 3.10(1) min | α (99.98%) | 214Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] |
β− (.02%) | 218At | ||||||||
219Po | 84 | 135 | 219.01361(16) | 10.3(1) min | α (28.2%) | 215Pb | 9/2+# | ||
β− (71.8%) | 219At | ||||||||
220Po | 84 | 136 | 220.0164(18) | 40# s [>300 ns] | β− | 220At | 0+ | ||
221Po | 84 | 137 | 221.02123(20) | 2.2(0.7) min | β− | 221At | 9/2+# | ||
222Po | 84 | 138 | 222.024144(40) | 9.1(7.2) min | β− | 222At | 0+ |
- ^ mPo – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^ Most common isotope
- ^ a b c Intermediate decay product of 238U
- ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 235U
- ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 232Th
- ^ Intermediate decay product of 237Np
References[edit]
- ^ Boutin, Chad. "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- ^ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.
- ^ Boutin, Chad (2014-09-09). "Polonium's Most Stable Isotope Gets Revised Half-Life Measurement". nist.gov. NIST Tech Beat. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
- Generenal references
Isotope data is sourced in:
- Atomic weights of the elements:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
- Isotopic mass, spin and parity
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Half-life
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
See also[edit]
- Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko