January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 338 days remain until the end of the year (339 in leap years).
Contents
1 Events
1.1 Pre-1600
1.2 1601 – 1900
1.3 1901 – present
2 Births
2.1 Pre-1600
2.2 1601 – 1900
2.3 1901 – present
3 Deaths
3.1 Pre-1600
3.2 1601 – 1900
3.3 1901 – present
4 Holidays and observances
5 References
6 External links
Events
Pre-1600
AD 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor;[1] under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent.
1186 – Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, marries Constance of Sicily.
1302 – Dante Alighieri is condemned in absentia and exiled from Florence.[2]
1343 – Pope Clement VI issues the papal bull Unigenitus to justify the power of the pope and the use of indulgences. Nearly 200 years later, Martin Luther would protest this.
1601 – 1900
1606 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.[3]
1695 – Mustafa II becomes the Ottoman sultan and Caliph of Islam in Istanbul on the death of Ahmed II. Mustafa rules until his abdication in 1703.
1759 – Spanish forces defeat indigenous Huilliches of southern Chile in the battle of Río Bueno.[4]
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Henry Knox's "noble train of artillery" arrives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1785 – The University of Georgia is founded, the first public university in the United States.
1820 – A Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev discovers the Antarctic continent, approaching the Antarctic coast.
1825 – The U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears".
1868 – Boshin War: The Battle of Toba–Fushimi begins, between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions; it will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.[5]
1869 – Boshin War: Tokugawa rebels establish the Ezo Republic in Hokkaidō.[6]
1874 – Modest Mussorgsky's opera Boris Godunov premieres in Mariinsky Theatre in St.Petersburg[7]
1880 – Thomas Edison receives a patent for his incandescent lamp.[8]
1901 – present
1916 – World War I: The British government passes the Military Service Act that introduces conscription in the United Kingdom.[9]
1918 – Beginning of the Finnish Civil War.
1924 – Three days after his death Lenin's body is carried into a specially erected mausoleum.[10]
1927 – Ibn Saud takes the title of King of Nejd.
1939 – First flight of the Lockheed P-38 Lightning.
1943 – World War II: The Eighth Air Force sorties ninety-one B-17s and B-24s to attack the U-boat construction yards at Wilhelmshaven, Germany. This was the first American bombing attack on Germany.
1944 – World War II: The 900-day Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
1945 – World War II: The Soviet 322nd Rifle Division liberates the remaining inmates of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
1951 – Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site begins with Operation Ranger.
1961 – The Soviet submarine S-80 sinks when its snorkel malfunctions, flooding the boat.
1965 – South Vietnamese Prime Minister Tran Van Huong is removed by the military junta of Nguyen Khanh.[11]
1967 – Apollo program: Astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee are killed in a fire during a test of their Apollo 1 spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
1967 – Cold War: The Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty in Washington, D.C., banning deployment of nuclear weapons in space, and limiting the usage of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes.
1973 – The Paris Peace Accords officially ends the Vietnam War. Colonel William Nolde is killed in action becoming the conflict's last recorded American combat casualty.
1980 – Through cooperation between the U.S. and Canadian governments, six American diplomats secretly escape hostilities in Iran in the culmination of the Canadian Caper.
1983 – The pilot shaft of the Seikan Tunnel, the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) between the Japanese islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō, breaks through.[12]
1996 – In a military coup, Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara deposes the first democratically elected president of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane.[13]
1996 – Germany first observes the International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
2002 – An explosion at a military storage facility in Lagos, Nigeria, kills at least 1,100 people and displaces over 20,000 others.
2003 – The first selections for the National Recording Registry are announced by the Library of Congress.
2010 – The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis ends when Porfirio Lobo Sosa becomes the new President of Honduras.
2011 – Arab Spring: The Yemeni Revolution begins as over 16,000 protestors demonstrate in Sana'a.[14]
2013 – Two hundred and forty-two people die in a nightclub fire in the Brazilian city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.
2017 – A naming ceremony for the chemical element tennessine takes place in the United States.[15]
Births
Pre-1600
1365 – Edward of Angoulême, English noble (d. 1370)
1443 – Albert III, Duke of Saxony (d. 1500)
1546 – Joachim III Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1608)
1571 – Abbas I of Persia (d. 1629)
1585 – Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (d. 1634)
1601 – 1900
1603 – Sir Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet, English lawyer and politician, Speaker of the House of Commons (d. 1685)
1603 – Humphrey Mackworth, English politician, lawyer and judge (d. 1654)
1621 – Thomas Willis, English physician and anatomist (d. 1675)
1662 – Richard Bentley, English scholar and theologian (d. 1742)
1663 – George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1733)
1687 – Johann Balthasar Neumann, German engineer and architect, designed Würzburg Residence and Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (d. 1753)
1701 – Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian (d. 1790)
1708 – Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia (d. 1728)
1741 – Hester Thrale, Welsh author (d. 1821)
1756 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1791)
1775 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German-Swiss philosopher and academic (d. 1854)
1790 – Juan Álvarez, Mexican general and president (1855) (d. 1867)[16]
1795 – Eli Whitney Blake, American engineer, invented the Mortise lock (d. 1886)
1803 – Eunice Hale Waite Cobb, American writer, public speaker, and activist (d. 1880)[17]
1805 – Maria Anna of Bavaria (d. 1877)
1805 – Samuel Palmer, English painter and etcher (d. 1881)
1806 – Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, Spanish composer and educator (d. 1826)
1808 – David Strauss, German theologian and author (d. 1874)
1814 – Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect, designed the Lausanne Cathedral (d. 1879)
1821 – John Chivington, American colonel and pastor (d. 1892)
1823 – Édouard Lalo, French violinist and composer (d. 1892)
1824 – Urbain Johnson, Canadian farmer and political figure (d. 1917)
1826 – Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Russian journalist and author (d. 1889)
1826 – Richard Taylor, American general, historian, and politician (d. 1879)
1832 – Lewis Carroll, English novelist, poet, and mathematician (d. 1898)
1832 – Carl Friedrich Schmidt, Estonian-Russian geologist and botanist (d. 1908)
1836 – Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian journalist and author (d. 1895)
1842 – Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ukrainian-Russian painter (d. 1910)
1848 – Tōgō Heihachirō, Japanese admiral (d. 1934)
1850 – John Collier, English painter and author (d. 1934)
1850 – Samuel Gompers, English-American labor leader (d. 1924)
1850 – Edward Smith, English captain (d. 1912)
1858 – Neel Doff, Dutch-Belgian author (d. 1942)
1859 – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (d. 1941)
1869 – Will Marion Cook, American violinist and composer (d. 1944)
1878 – Dorothy Scarborough, American author (d. 1935)
1885 – Jerome Kern, American composer and songwriter (d. 1945)
1885 – Seison Maeda, Japanese painter (d. 1977)
1886 – Radhabinod Pal, Indian academic and jurist (d. 1967)
1889 – Balthasar van der Pol, Dutch physicist and academic (d. 1959)
1891 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Russian journalist and author (d. 1967)
1893 – Soong Ching-ling, Chinese politician, Honorary President of the People's Republic of China (d. 1981)
1895 – Joseph Rosenstock, Polish-American conductor and manager (d. 1985)
1895 – Harry Ruby, American composer and screenwriter (d. 1974)
1900 – Hyman G. Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)
1901 – present
1901 – Willy Fritsch, German actor (d. 1973)
1901 – Art Rooney, American football player, coach and owner (d. 1988)
1903 – John Eccles, Australian-Swiss neurophysiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
1904 – James J. Gibson, American psychologist and academic (d. 1979)[18]
1905 – Howard McNear, American actor (d. 1969)
1908 – William Randolph Hearst, Jr., American journalist and publisher (d. 1993)
1910 – Edvard Kardelj, Slovene general, economist, and politician, 2nd Foreign Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 1979)[19]
1912 – Arne Næss, Norwegian philosopher and environmentalist (d. 2009)[20]
1912 – Francis Rogallo, American engineer, invented the Rogallo wing (d. 2009)
1915 – Jules Archer, American historian and author (d. 2008)
1915 – Jacques Hnizdovsky, Ukrainian-American painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 1985)
1918 – Skitch Henderson, American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2005)
1918 – Elmore James, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1963)
1918 – William Seawell, American general (d. 2005)
1919 – Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor, created Alvin and the Chipmunks (d. 1972)
1920 – Hiroyoshi Nishizawa, Japanese lieutenant and pilot (d. 1944)
1920 – Helmut Zacharias, German violinist and composer (d. 2002)
1921 – Donna Reed, American actress (d. 1986)
1924 – Rauf Denktaş, Cypriot lawyer and politician, 1st President of Northern Cyprus (d. 2012)
1924 – Brian Rix, English actor, producer, and politician (d. 2016)
1924 – Harvey Shapiro, American poet (d. 2013)
1926 – Fritz Spiegl, Austrian flute player and journalist (d. 2003)
1926 – Ingrid Thulin, Swedish actress (d. 2004)
1928 – Michael Craig, Indian-English actor and screenwriter
1928 – Hans Modrow, Polish-German lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of East Germany
1987 – Norman McLaren, Scottish-Canadian animator and director (b. 1914)
1988 – Massa Makan Diabaté, Malian historian, author, and playwright (b. 1938)
1989 – Thomas Sopwith, English ice hockey player and pilot (b. 1888)
1993 – André the Giant, French professional wrestler and actor (b. 1946)
1994 – Claude Akins, American actor (b. 1918)
1996 – Ralph Yarborough, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1903)
2000 – Friedrich Gulda, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1930)
2003 – Henryk Jabłoński, Polish historian and politician, President of Poland (b. 1909)
2004 – Salvador Laurel, Filipino lawyer and politician, 10th Vice President of the Philippines (b. 1928)
2004 – Jack Paar, American talk show host and author (b. 1918)
2006 – Gene McFadden, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1948)
2006 – Johannes Rau, German journalist and politician, 8th President of Germany (b. 1931)
2007 – Yang Chuan-kwang, Taiwanese decathlete, long jumper, and hurdler (b. 1933)
2008 – Suharto, Indonesian general and politician, 2nd President of Indonesia (b. 1921)
2008 – Gordon B. Hinckley, American religious leader and author, 15th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1910)
2008 – Louie Welch, American businessman and politician, 54th Mayor of Houston (b. 1918)
2009 – John Updike, American novelist, short story writer, and critic (b. 1932)
2009 – R. Venkataraman, Indian lawyer and politician, 8th President of India (b. 1910)
2010 – Zelda Rubinstein, American actress (b. 1933)
2010 – J. D. Salinger, American soldier and author (b. 1919)
2010 – Howard Zinn, American historian, author, and activist (b. 1922)
2011 – Charlie Callas, American comedian and musician (b. 1927)
2012 – Greg Cook, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1946)
2012 – Ted Dicks, English composer and screenwriter (b. 1928)
2012 – Jeannette Hamby, American nurse and politician (b. 1933)
2012 – Kevin White, American politician, 51st Mayor of Boston (b. 1929)
2013 – Ivan Bodiul, Ukrainian-Russian politician (b. 1918)
2013 – Stanley Karnow, American journalist and historian (b. 1925)
2014 – Pete Seeger, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and activist (b. 1919)
2014 – Epimaco Velasco, Filipino lawyer and politician, Governor of Cavite (b. 1935)
2014 – Paul Zorner, German soldier and pilot (b. 1920)
2015 – Rocky Bridges, American baseball player and coach (b. 1927)
2015 – David Landau, English-Israeli journalist (b. 1947)
2015 – Joseph Rotman, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1935)
2015 – Charles Hard Townes, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
2015 – Larry Winters, American wrestler and trainer (b. 1956)
2016 – Carlos Loyzaga, Filipino basketball player and coach (b. 1930)
2017 – Emmanuelle Riva, French actress (b. 1927)
2017 – Arthur H. Rosenfeld, American physicist (b. 1926)
2018 – Ingvar Kamprad, Founder of IKEA (b. 1926)[36]
2018 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist (b. 1923)[37]
2019 – Countess Maya von Schönburg-Glauchau, German socialite (b. 1958)[38]
2020 – Lina Ben Mhenni, Tunisian Internet activist and blogger (b. 1983)[39]
2021 – Cloris Leachman, American actress and comedian (b. 1926)[40][41][42]
Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Angela Merici
Blessed Paul Joseph Nardini
Devota (Monaco)
Enrique de Ossó y Cercelló
John Chrysostom (translation of relics) (Anglican, Lutheran, Eastern Orthodox)
Sava (Serbia)
January 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Day of the lifting of the siege of Leningrad (Russia)
Liberation of the remaining inmates of Auschwitz-related observances:
Holocaust Memorial Day (UK)
International Holocaust Remembrance Day[43]
Memorial Day (Italy)
Other Holocaust Memorial Days observances
References
^Constantin C. Giurescu (1972). The Making of the Romanian People and Language. Meridiane. p. 43.
^Dante Alighieri (1886). The Commedia and Canzoniere of Dante Alighieri: Life of Dante. Hell. Purgatory. W. Isbister. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-8274-2077-9.
^John William Willis Bund (1879). A Selection of Cases from the State Trials ...: Trials for Treason. University Press. pp. 373–.
^Barros Arana, Diego (2000) [1886]. Historia General de Chile (in Spanish). VI (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Universitaria. p. 310.
^S. C. M. Paine (6 March 2017). The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-107-01195-3.
^This is Japan. Asahi Shimbun Newspaper Publishing Company. 1962. p. 176.
^Hostomska, Anna (2018). Opera-průvodce operní tvorbou (in Czech). Prague, Czech Republic: NS Svoboda, Prague. p. 1147-1150. ISBN 978-80-205-0637-5.
^"Thomas Edison's Patent Application for the Light Bulb (1880)". US Government. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
^"BBC - History : British History Timeline". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
^Shub 1966, p. 439 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFShub1966 (help); Rice 1990, p. 9 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFRice1990 (help); Service 2000, pp. 479–480 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFService2000 (help).
^Moyar, Mark (2006). Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965. New York City: Cambridge University Press. p. 775. ISBN 0-521-86911-0.
^Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn; Buddhima Indraratna; Professor Jian Chu (7 November 2005). Ground Improvement: Case Histories. Elsevier. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-08-045736-9.
^Political Science Abstracts: 1996 Annual Supplement. Springer Science & Business Media. 7 March 2013. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-4615-5971-9.
^Laura Kasinof (1 March 2016). Don't Be Afraid of the Bullets: An Accidental War Correspondent in Yemen. Arcade. ISBN 978-1-62872-648-0.
^Fedorova, Vera (3 March 2017). "At the inauguration ceremony of the new elements of the Periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev". jinr.ru. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
^"JUAN ÁLVAREZ" (in Spanish). Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. Archived from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
^Howe, Julia Ward; Graves, Mary Hannah (1904). Representative Women of New England (Public domain ed.). New England Historical Publishing Company. pp. 136–.
^Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (1 May 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 761. ISBN 978-1-59339-492-9.
^Bernard A. Cook (2001). Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. p. 710. ISBN 978-0-8153-4058-4.
^Jan Sjåvik (11 May 2010). The A to Z of Norway. Scarecrow Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-4616-7206-7.
^Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey; Harvey, Joy Dorothy (2000). The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Volume 2 L-Z. New York: Routledge. p. 1292. ISBN 978-0-41592-040-7.
^"Biografía de Bibi Gaytán - Quién es" [Bibi Gaytán, Who she is], Quien.net (in Spanish), retrieved August 24, 2019
^"EVA ASDERAKI MOORE - First woman ever to umpire men's US Open final". www.ellines.com. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
^"Lee Grant". Premier League. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
^"Vince Mellars - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
^"Scheda anagrafica di Stefano Pettinari". aic.football.it (in Italian). Retrieved 28 January 2019.
^"Harrison Reed". fulhamfc.com. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
^"Cory Paix - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project". www.rugbyleagueproject.org.
^Paavo Ruotsalainen – Aholansaari (in Finnish)
^Commire, Anne, ed. (2002). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. 14. Waterford: Yorkin Publications, Gale Group. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-78764-073-6.
^"Roger B. Chaffee | American astronaut". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
^"Virgil I. Grissom | American astronaut". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
^"Edward H. White II | American astronaut". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
^Halpen, Leopold E. (1997). "Marietta Blau". In Rayner-Canham, Marelene F.; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (eds.). A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-77351-642-7.
^Chevalier, Tracy (2016). Encyclopedia of the Essay. London: Routledge. p. 612. ISBN 978-1-88496-430-5.
^McFadden, Robert D. (28 January 2018). "Ingvar Kamprad, Founder of Ikea and Creator of a Global Empire, Dies at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
^Goldstein, Richard (27 January 2018). "Mort Walker, Creator of 'Beetle Bailey' Comic Strip, Dies at 94". The New York Times.
^"Maya von Schönburg-Glauchau: Schwester von Gloria von Thurn und Taxis ist tot". Abendzeitung. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
^Blaise, Lilia (2020-01-29). "Lina Ben Mhenni, 36, 'a Tunisian Girl' Who Confronted Regime, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-01-02.
^Quinn, Dave. "Cloris Leachman, Oscar Winner and Mary Tyler Moore Show Star, Dies at 94". People. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
^Berkvist, Robert (January 27, 2021). "Cloris Leachman, Oscar Winner and TV Comedy Star, Is Dead at 94" – via NYTimes.com.
^Bernstein, Adam. "Cloris Leachman, Oscar-winning actress who played Frau Blücher (neighhh!) in 'Young Frankenstein,' dies at 94" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
^"International Days". www.un.org. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
External links
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