Cédula населения был 1783 эдиктом представителем короля Испании , Хосе де Гальвес , открытие Тринидада иммиграции из, в первую очередь, на французском Карибских островах. Указ, согласованный Филиппом Роуз Рум де Сен-Лораном, ключевой фигурой в колониальной истории Тринидада, [1], эдикт состоит из 28 статей, регулирующих несколько форм предоставления земли для поощрения роста населения, натурализации жителей, налогообложения, вооружения рабовладельцев, обязанность и функция ополчения по защите острова, а также вопросы купечества и торговли. [2]
История
The edict of 1783 invited persons of either gender and of the Roman Catholic faith to Trinidad who would swear loyalty to the Spanish Crown to receive land allotments in sizes depending on their race and heritage.[2] Specifically, it granted 32 English acres (130,000 m2) of land to each Roman Catholic who settled in Trinidad and half as much for each slave that they brought. 16 acres (65,000 m²) was offered to each free person of color, or gens de couleur libre, as they were later known, and half as much for each slave they placed on Trinidad The effect of the cedula was immediate, as what had once been a small colony of 1000 in 1773 had boomed to 18,627 inhabitants by 1797.[3] The Cedula of Population of 1783 laid the foundation and growth of the population of Trinidad.
The Spanish who were in possession of the island, contributed little towards advancements, with El Dorado the focus, Trinidad was perfect due to its geographical location. French planters with their slaves, free persons of color and mulattos from neighbouring islands of Grenada, Martinique, Guadeloupe and Dominica migrated to the Trinidad during the French Revolution. The Spanish also gave many incentives to lure settlers to the island, including exemption from taxes for ten years and land grants in accordance to the terms set out in the Cedula. These new immigrants establishing local communities of Blanchisseuse, Champs Fleurs, Cascade, Carenage and Laventille. Trinidad's population jumped from just under 1,400 in 1777, to over 15,000 by the end of 1789.
Upon the capture of Trinidad by the British in 1797, the Cedula of Population became a paramount document that established the legal status of the free persons of color in Trinidad in the declaration of capitulation. In particular, it protected their "liberty, persons and property like other inhabitants."[4] in the British crown colony.
Рекомендации
- ^ Gerard A. Besson (2007-12-16). "The Caribbean History Archives". Paria Publishing Co. LTD. Retrieved 2010-10-21. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ a b Gerard A. Besson (2007-12-20). "The Caribbean History Archives - The Royal Cedula of 1783". Paria Publishing Co. LTD. Retrieved 2010-10-21. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
- ^ "Major Ethnic Groups - the French" TriniGenWeb
- ^ Newsday's Millennium Special (2000-01-01). "Jean-Baptiste Phillipe - A slave owner fights against apartheid". Government website of Trinidad and Tobago. Archived from the original on 2011-06-16. Retrieved 2010-10-21. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)