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This is a list of the heads of state of Tanzania, from the independence of Tanganyika in 1961 to the present day. From 1961 to 1962 the head of state under the Tanganyika Independence Act 1961 was the queen of Tanganyika, Elizabeth II, who was also the monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The monarch was represented in Tanganyika by a governor-general. Tanganyika became a republic under the Constitution of 1962 and the monarch and governor-general were replaced by an executive president. After the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964, the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba united with mainland Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, which was later renamed to the United Republic of Tanzania.
Monarch (1961–1962)[edit]
The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.
| No. | Portrait | Monarch (Birth–Death) | Reign | Royal House | Prime Minister(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reign start | Reign end | Duration | |||||
| 1 | Queen Elizabeth II (1926–) | 9 December 1961 | 9 December 1962 | 1 year | Windsor | Nyerere Kawawa | |
Governor-general[edit]
The governor-general was the representative of the monarch in Tanganyika and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The governor-general was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the Monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Tanganyika without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the chief justice served as Officer Administering the Government.
- Status
| No. | Portrait | Governor-General (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Monarch | Prime Minister(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | Sir Richard Turnbull (1909–1998) | 9 December 1961 | 9 December 1962 | 1 year | Elizabeth II | Nyerere Kawawa | |
President of Tanganyika[edit]
Under the 1962 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of Tanganyika, the president replaced the Monarch as executive head of state. In the event of a vacancy the speaker of the National Assembly served as acting president.
- Status
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| 1 | Julius Nyerere (1922–1999) | 1962 | 9 December 1962 | 29 October 1964 | 1 year, 325 days | Tanganyika African National Union | |
President of Tanzania[edit]
Under the 1964 Constitution, the first constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, the president replaced the president of Tanganyika and the president of Zanzibar as executive head of state. The president was elected by a yes-or-no confirmation referendum for a five-year term after being nominated by a TANU/CCM electoral college. Following the restoration of multi-party system in 1992, multi-candidate elections were introduced in 1995, with the president elected via First-past-the-post voting.[1] In the event of a vacancy the vice-president serves as president for the remainder of the presidential term.
Former President John Magufuli took a monthly salary of 9 million Tanzanian shillings (approximately USD $4,000).[2]
- Status
| No. | Portrait | President (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | Prime Minister(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| 1 | Julius Nyerere (1922–1999) | 1965 1970 1975 | 1 November 1964 | 5 November 1985 | 21 years, 4 days | Tanganyika African National Union | Kawawa | |
| 1980 | Chama Cha Mapinduzi[a] | Kawawa Sokoine Msuya Sokoine Salim | ||||||
| 2 | Ali Hassan Mwinyi (1925–) | 1985 1990 | 5 November 1985 | 23 November 1995 | 10 years, 18 days | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | Warioba Malecela Msuya | |
| 3 | Benjamin Mkapa (1938–2020) | 1995 2000 | 23 November 1995 | 21 December 2005 | 10 years, 28 days | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | Msuya Sumaye | |
| 4 | Jakaya Kikwete (1951–) | 2005 2010 | 21 December 2005 | 5 November 2015 | 9 years, 319 days | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | Sumaye Lowassa Pinda | |
| 5 | John Magufuli (1959–2021) | 2015 2020 | 5 November 2015 | 17 March 2021 | 5 years, 132 days | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | Majaliwa | |
| 6 | Samia Suluhu Hassan (1961–) | — | 19 March 2021[3] | Incumbent | 49 days | Chama Cha Mapinduzi | ||
Notes[edit]
- ^ Founded on 5 February 1977.
Standards[edit]
Governor-General's Standard
Presidential Standard
Living former heads of state[edit]
There are three living former Tanzanian heads of state:
| Image | Name | Term/Reign | Office | Date of birth |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elizabeth II | 1961–1962 | Queen of Tanganyika | 21 April 1926 | |
| Ali Hassan Mwinyi | 1985–1995 | President of Tanzania | 8 May 1925 | |
| Jakaya Kikwete | 2005–2015 | President of Tanzania | 7 October 1950 |
References[edit]
- ^ Tanzania: Electoral system
- ^ Mohamed, Hamza (4 October 2017). "Tanzanian president earns $4,008 a month". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ Reuters (2021-03-19). "Tanzania swears in Samia Suluhu Hassan as first female president". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
External links[edit]
- World Statesmen – Tanzania
- Rulers.org – Tanzania
