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Во всем мире есть много городов, которые когда-то были национальными столицами, но больше не имеют этого статуса, потому что страна перестала существовать, столица была перенесена или столица была переименована . Это список таких городов, отсортированный по странам, а затем по дате. Если название города было изменено, сначала указывается название города, когда он был столицей, а затем его современное название в скобках.

Этот список неполный ; вы можете помочь, добавив недостающие элементы из надежных источников .

Африка [ править ]

Северная Африка [ править ]

Смотрите также: Список исторических столиц Египта
Старая столицаСтранаСегодня частьИзДо того какИзменение, причина
ВалилиДинастия ИдрисидовМарокко789808Переехал в Фес
ФесДинастия ИдрисидовМарокко808927Переехал в Хаджар ан-Насар , чтобы попытаться восстановить базу власти.
МарракешАльморавид , Альмохады династияМарокко10711244Переехал в Фес
ФесДинастия Маринидов , интерлюдия Идрисидов, династия ВаттасидовМарокко12441554Переехал в Марракеш
МарракешДинастия СаадиМарокко15541659Переехал в Фес
ФесДила'итская интерлюдия, династия АлауитовМарокко16591672Переехал в Мекнес
МекнесМарокко (при Исмаиле ибн Шарифе )Марокко16721727Переехал в Фес
ФесДинастия АлауитовМарокко17271912 г.Переехал в Рабат
ФустатЕгипет в средние векаЕгипет641750Переехал в Аль-Аскар
Аль-АскарЕгипетЕгипет750868Переехал в Аль-Катай
Аль-КатайЕгипетЕгипет868905Переехал в Фустат
ФустатЕгипетЕгипет905969Переехал в Каир
ФивыДревний ЕгипетЕгипет2134 г. до н.э.1292 г. до н.э.Переехал в Пи-Рамсес . В Древние греки называли город Фивы, его родное имя Waset.
МемфисДревний ЕгипетЕгипет3150 г. до н.э.2160 г. до н.э.Переехал в Хенен-Несут . Древние греки называли город Мемфисом, его родное название - Инбу-Хедж.

Западная Африка [ править ]

Старая столицаСтранаСегодня частьИзДо того какИзменение, причина
Рибейра Гранде ( Сидаде Велья )Португальский Кабо-ВердеКабо-Верде14621770переехал в Прайю
Гранд-БассамКот-д'Ивуар (французская колония)Кот-д'Ивуар1893 г.1900 г.переехал в Бингервиль
BingervilleКот-д'Ивуар (французская колония)Кот-д'Ивуар1900 г.1933 г.переехал в Абиджан
АбиджанКот-д'Ивуар (французская колония)Кот-д'Ивуар1933 г.1983 г.переехал в Ямусукро
Кейп-КостЗолотое побережьеГана16641877 г.переехал в Аккра
БоламаПортугальская ГвинеяГвинея-Бисау1879 г.1941 г.переехал в Бисау
БоГвинея-БисауГвинея-Бисау19731974 г.вернулся в Бисау
НгазаргамуKanem-Bornu EmpireNigeriac. 14721808lost to Fulani invaders (eventually moved to Kukawa)
KukawaKanem-Bornu EmpireNigeria18141893Kingdom ceased to exist
LagosColonial NigeriaNigeria19141960
LagosNigeria, Federation ofNigeria19601991moved to Abuja
Igbo-UkwuNri, Kingdom ofNigeria10431911Nigeria
AnéhoTogolandTogo1880s1897moved to Lomé

Central Africa[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
BomaCongo Free StateCongo, Democratic Republic of the18861908
BomaBelgian CongoCongo, Democratic Republic of the19081926moved to Léopoldville (Kinshasa)
NjimiKanemChadfl. 11th Centuryc. 1396lost to Bulala invaders (eventually moved to Ngazargamu)

Eastern Africa[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
Zanzibar CityZanzibar, Sultanate ofTanzania18561964Sultanate ceased to exist; Zanzibar Revolution
Zanzibar CityZanzibar, People's Republic ofTanzania19641964Zanzibar merged with Tanganyika in 1964. The city remains the capital of semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar.
Dar es SalaamTanganyikaTanzania19611964country merged with Zanzibar to form Tanzania
Dar es SalaamTanzaniaTanzania19641996capital moved to Dodoma
AxumAksum, Kingdom ofEthiopia50?city abandoned
Debre BerhanEthiopian EmpireEthiopia1456mid-1470sEmperor returned to custom of a moving capital
GondarEthiopian EmpireEthiopia1635late 19th centurymoved to Addis Ababa
BujumburaBurundiBurundi19622018Moved to Gitega.

Southern Africa[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
OtjimbingweGerman South-West AfricaNamibia18861892moved to Windhoek
ZombaBritish Central Africa ProtectorateMalawi18931907Protectorate renamed as Nyasaland Protectorate.
ZombaNyasaland ProtectorateMalawi19071953Merged with Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
ZombaMalawiMalawi19641975Capital moved to Lilongwe.
Fort Jameson (Chipata)North-Eastern RhodesiaZambia18991911Merged with North-Western Rhodesia to form Northern Rhodesia.
KalomoNorth-Western RhodesiaZambia18991907Moved to Livingstone.
LivingstoneNorth-Western RhodesiaZambia19071911Merged with North-Western Rhodesia to form Northern Rhodesia.
LivingstoneNorthern RhodesiaZambia19111935Moved to Lusaka.

Asia[edit]

Central Asia[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
KandaharDurrani EmpireAfghanistan17481772moved to Kabul
SamarkandTimurid EmpireUzbekistan13701405Capital moved to Herat.
HeratTimurid EmpireAfghanistan14051507Invaded by Muhammad Shaybani.
SemeyAlash OrdaKazakhstan19171920Entity named Kyrgyz ASSR established, capital moved to Orenburg
BishkekKyrgyz ASSRKyrgyzstan19201925moved to Qyzylorda
QyzylordaKazakh ASSRKazakhstan19261929moved to Alma-Ata
Alma-Ata (Almaty)Kazakh ASSRKazakhstan19291936
Alma-Ata (Almaty)Kazakh SSRKazakhstan19361991
Alma-Ata (Almaty)KazakhstanKazakhstan19911993city renamed Almaty
AlmatyKazakhstanKazakhstan19931998moved to Astana
AstanaKazakhstanKazakhstan19982019renamed to Nur-Sultan
OmskRussia (White Movement)Russia19181920White Movement defeated by Reds
SamarkandUzbek SSRUzbekistan19251930moved to Tashkent.

Southwest Asia[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
AssurAssyriaIraqfl. 2600 BC9th century BCmoved to Calah
Calah (Nimrud)AssyriaIraq13th Century BC710 BCMoved to Nineveh
NinevehAssyriaIraq1800 BC600 BCDestroyed by Babylonians
BabylonBabyloniaIraq24th Century BC141 BCConquered by Assyrians, Persians, Parthians, Alexander the Great, later abandoned completely
MtskhetaIberia, Kingdom ofGeorgia3rd century BC5th centuryCapital moved to Tbilisi by Dachi of Iberia
Susa, Anshan (Persia)Proto-Elamite, ElamIran3200 BC850 BCConquered by Mannaeans
Zirta (Izirtu)MannaeansIran850 BC728 BCConquered by Median Empire
EcbatanaMedian EmpireIran728 BC550 BCcaptured by Cyrus the Great
PasargadaePersian EmpireIran559 BC538 BCCapital moved to Susa by Cambyses II
SusaPersian EmpireIran538 BC515 BCCapital moved to Persepolis by Darius
PersepolisPersian EmpireIran515 BC331 BCcaptured by Alexander the Great and incorporated into Macedonian Empire
SeleuciaSeleucid EmpireIran305 BC240 BCmoved to Antioch
AntiochSeleucid EmpireIran240 BC64 BCconquered by Parthia
Ctesiphon, Hecatompylos, Mithridatkird-Nisa, AsaakParthian EmpireIran240 BC224conquered by Sassanid Empire
Firouzabad, Ctesiphon, DamghanSassanid EmpireIran224637fell in Islamic conquest of Persia
NishapurTahirid dynastyIran821873conquered by Saffarid dynasty
Zaranj, AmolSaffarid dynasty, AlavidsIran861900conquered by Samanid
Bukhara, Balkh, Samarkand, HeratSamanid dynastyIran875999conquered by Ghaznavids
GhazniGhaznavids, GhuridsIran9631212conquered by Seljuq dynasty
Nishapur, Rey, Konye-UrgenchSeljuq dynasty, Khwarezmid dynastyIran10371231conquered by Ilkhanate
MaraghehIlkhanateIran12561265Capital moved to Tabriz.
TabrizIlkhanateIran12651306Capital moved to Soltaniyeh.
SoltaniyehIlkhanateIran13061335After Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, the Ilkhanate began to disintegrate rapidly and split up into several rival successor states.
TabrizSafavid dynastyIran15011548moved to Qazvin
QazvinSafavid dynastyIran15481598moved to Isfahan
IsfahanSafavid dynastyIran15981736moved to Mashhad
MashhadAfsharid dynastyIran17361750moved to Shiraz
ShirazZand dynastyIran17501782moved to Sari
SariQajar dynastyIran17821795moved to Tehran
GibeahIsrael, Kingdom ofIsraelc. 1030 BCc. 1010 BCmoved to Mahanaim
MahanaimIsrael, Kingdom ofJordanc. 1010 BCc. 1007 BCmoved to Hebron
HebronIsrael, Kingdom ofWest Bankc. 1007 BCc. 1000 BCmoved to Jerusalem; after the kingdom had been reunited by King David, he is said to have conquered the city from a Canaanite tribe
JerusalemIsrael, Kingdom ofIsraelc. 1000 BCc. 930 BCcountry split in two
JerusalemJudah, Kingdom of (southern part)Israelc. 930 BC586 BCKingdom ceased to exist (Jerusalem destroyed; Babylonian exile 586 BC - 538 BC)
ShechemIsrael, Kingdom of (northern part)West Bankc. 930 BCc. 930 BCmoved to Penuel
PenuelIsrael, Kingdom of (northern part)Jordanc. 930 BCc. 909 BCmoved to Tirzah
TirzahIsrael, Kingdom of (northern part)West Bankc. 909 BCc. 880 BCmoved to Samaria
SamariaIsrael, Kingdom of (northern part)West Bankc. 880 BCc. 720 BCKingdom ceased to exist (much of its population was taken into captivity and deported by Assyrian empire)
Tel AvivIsrael, State ofIsraelMay 6, 1948December 30, 1948interim de facto capital, moved to Jerusalem after captured from Jordanian forces in 1948 Arab–Israeli War
JerusalemJerusalem, Kingdom ofIsrael10991187moved to Acre (Jerusalem captured by Saladin)
AcreJerusalem, Kingdom ofIsrael11871291Kingdom ceased to exist
SalalahOman, Imamate ofOman19321970moved to Musqat
DiriyahDiriyah, Emirate ofSaudi Arabia17441818moved to Riyadh after the Turks destroyed the city.
AdenSouth YemenYemen19671990San'a, country ceased to exist after unification of Yemen
DamascusUmayyad CaliphateSyria661744moved to Harran.
HarranUmayyad CaliphateTurkey744750moved to Córdoba.

South Asia[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
Dacca (legislative)PakistanBangladesh19621971Country's constituent assembly should meet in East Pakistan due to the region's high population.[1]
MujibnagarProvisional Government of BangladeshBangladesh19711972A provisional government was established and the leaders of Bangladesh swore their oaths in this town known as Baiydanathtala or Bhoborpara. This was later renamed to Mujibnagar in honour of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman[2]
SonargaonBengal SultanateBangladesh13901411Capital moved to Lakhnauti
DaulatabadTughlaq dynastyIndia13271329Forcibly moved the entire population of Delhi to Daulatabad for a more centrally located capital. The decision was revoked and was moved back to Delhi within two years, due to lack of water.
AgraMughal EmpireIndia15041653moved to Aurangabad, was moved to Delhi during the reign of Shah Jahan and to Fatehpur Sikri during 1571-1585, during part of Akbar's reign.
Fatehpur SikriMughal EmpireIndia15711585moved to Agra
PuneMaratha EmpireIndia16791818British captured the city and controlled from Calcutta
Calcutta (Kolkata)British RajIndia17721911moved to Delhi
DelhiBritish RajIndia19111931moved to New Delhi, inaugurated 1931
New DelhiBritish RajIndia19311947became capital of independent dominion of India 1947, of Republic of India 1950
SimlaBritish RajIndiafl. 18501947Summer capital
MysoreMysore, Kingdom ofIndia15241947Moved to New Delhi, Kingdom of Mysore dissolved- the capital of the state was moved temporarily to Bangalore 1831 to 1881 by Mark Cubbon
HyderabadHyderabad DeccanIndia17691948Moved to New Delhi in September 1948, after the launch of a military operation by the state of India named Operation Polo leading to the desolation the former princely state. Hyderabad continues to remain the capital of the Indian states Telangana and, provisionally, Andhra Pradesh.
GorkhaGorkha KingdomNepal15591769moved to Kathmandu after unification of Nepal
KantipurKantipur, Kingdom ofNepal15601826Became/Renamed as Kathmandu after Unification of Nepal.
KarachiPakistanPakistan19471959moved to Rawalpindi
RawalpindiPakistanPakistan19591967moved to Islamabad
LahoreSikh EmpirePakistan17991849Annexation of the Punjab by the East India Company.
AnuradhapuraLankaSri Lankac. 382 BC1018Capital moved to possibly Polonnaruwa
PolonnaruwaKingdom of PolonnaruwaSri Lankac. 10551284Capital moved to Dambadeniya
KotteKotte, Kingdom ofSri Lankac. 1415c. 1565Capital moved to Kandy
KandyKandy, Kingdom ofSri Lanka15921815Capital moved to Colombo
ColomboBritish CeylonSri Lanka18151948colony acquired dominion status
ColomboCeylon, Dominion ofSri Lanka19481972Dominion became republic
ColomboSri LankaSri Lanka19721982Capital moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte

Southeast Asia[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
Yaśodharapura (Angkor)Khmer EmpireCambodia8021431Sacked by Ayutthaya
Srey SorchhorCambodiaCambodia14311434Move to Chaktomuk (in 1434)
ChaktomukCambodiaCambodia14341525Move to Longvek (in 1525)
LongvekCambodiaCambodia15251593Move to Oudong (in 1618)
OudongCambodiaCambodia16201863Move to Phnom Penh (in 1863)
Phnom PenhColonial CambodiaCambodia18631887annexed by France; moved to Saigon
Batavia (Jakarta)Dutch East IndiesIndonesia18001946Allied invasion, moved to Yogyakarta
YogyakartaDutch East IndiesIndonesia19461947Allied invasion, moved to Bukittinggi
BukittinggiDutch East IndiesIndonesia19481949moved to Jakarta
Luang PrabangLan PrabangLaos1707?Luang Prabang was one of three successors states to Lan Xang.
Luang PrabangLaos, Kingdom ofLaos19491975abdication of King Savang Vatthana; the second capital
VientianeLan XangLaos1354?moved to Luang Prabang
VientianeVientiane LaoLaosc. 1707 (?)1828incorporated to Siam, then absorbed into French Indochina (in 1893)
VientianeKingdom of LaosLaos19491975abdication of King Savang Vatthana
ChampasakChampasak KingdomLaos17131946Became part of Kingdom of Laos.
Pagan (Bagan)Pagan KingdomMyanmar8491297moved to Myinsaing, Mekkhaya and Pinle
Martaban (Mottama)Hanthawaddy KingdomMyanmar12871363moved to Donwun
DonwunHanthawaddy KingdomMyanmar13631369moved to Pegu
Pegu (Bago)Hanthawaddy KingdomMyanmar13691538Captured by Toungoo forces
Pegu (Bago)Hanthawaddy KingdomMyanmar15501552Recaptured by Toungoo
Myinsaing, Mekkhaya and PinleMyinsaing KingdomMyanmar12971313moved to Pinya
PinyaPinya KingdomMyanmar13131365moved to Ava
SagaingSagaing KingdomMyanmar13151365
Ava (Inwa)Ava KingdomMyanmar13651555moved to Pegu
LaunggyetArakan, Kingdom ofMyanmar14291430moved to Mrauk-U
Mrauk-UArakan, Kingdom ofMyanmar14301785Captured by Konbaung forces
Toungoo (Taungoo)Toungoo DynastyMyanmar15101539moved to Pegu
PeguToungoo DynastyMyanmar15391599moved to Ava
AvaToungoo DynastyMyanmar15991613moved to Pegu
PeguToungoo DynastyMyanmar16131635moved to Ava
AvaToungoo DynastyMyanmar16351752moved to Shwebo
ShweboKonbaung DynastyMyanmar17521760moved to Sagaing
SagaingKonbaung DynastyMyanmar17601765moved to Ava
AvaKonbaung DynastyMyanmar17651783moved to Amarapura
AmarapuraKonbaung DynastyMyanmar17831821moved to Ava
AvaKonbaung DynastyMyanmar18211842moved to Amarapura
AmarapuraKonbaung DynastyMyanmar18421859moved to Mandalay
MandalayKonbaung DynastyMyanmar18591885moved to Rangoon (Yangon)
Rangoon (Yangon)Burma (Myanmar)Myanmar18851989country renamed to Myanmar; city renamed to Yangon
YangonMyanmarMyanmar19892005moved to Naypyidaw
MarawiMaguindanao SultanatePhilippinesc. 12051888Annexed into the Spanish East Indies
BacolodNegros, Cantonal Republic ofPhilippines18981899Unrecognised state absorbed by the Philippines under American control.
MalolosPhilippine Republic, FirstPhilippines18981899Headquarters of the Revolutionary movement (Note: Several other towns became capitals at a succeeding rate, namely San Isidro, Cabanatuan, Bamban, Tarlac, Bayambang and Palanan, to avoid capture from the Americans). Moved back to Manila after capture of Aguinaldo on 1901.
ManilaPhilippine Republic, SecondPhilippines19431945Liberation of the Philippines from the Japanese
ManilaPhilippines, Commonwealth of thePhilippines19341941Japanese occupation. Moved back to Manila in 1945 after the liberation of the Philippines
BaguioPhilippinesPhilippines19461976Summer Capital, moved back to Manila via Presidential Decree No. 940.
Quezon CityPhilippinesPhilippines19481976Moved back to Manila via Presidential Decree No. 940. Quezon City, with Manila, became parts of Metro Manila. Several government offices remained in Quezon City, including the Batasang Pambansa, and ultimately the House of Representatives. Manila is the current capital.
CebuSpanish East IndiesPhilippines1562c. 1578First Spanish settlement in the country. Moved to Manila (Formerly Maynilad) after capture.
ManilaSpanish East IndiesPhilippinesc. 15781762Captured by the British during the Seven Years' War, returned to Spain after the Treaty of Paris.
BacolorSpanish East IndiesPhilippines17621764Capital of the exiled government Governor-general Simon de Anda during the Seven Years' War. Moved back to Manila
ManilaSpanish East IndiesPhilippines17641901Ceded to the United States via Treaty of Paris
JoloSulu SultanatePhilippinesc. 14501899Annexed by the United States
Chiang MaiLan NaThailand12591775Annexed by Burma
Chiang MaiRattanatingsaThailand18021899Annexed by Siam
SukhothaiSukhothai KingdomThailand12381347
PhitsanulokSukhothai KingdomThailand13471583moved to Ayutthaya after sacked by Ayutthaya
AyutthayaAyutthaya KingdomThailand13511666
PhitsanulokAyutthaya KingdomThailand14631488
LopburiAyutthaya KingdomThailand16661688
AyutthayaAyutthaya KingdomThailand16881767moved to Thonburi after the Burmese destroyed the city
ThonburiThonburi KingdomThailand17671782moved to Bangkok after King Taksin was declared mad
Phong Châu, Phú ThọVăn Lang (Hồng Bàng dynasty)Vietnam2879 BC258 BCannexed by Thục dynasty
Phong Châu, Phú ThọVạn Xuân (Hậu Lý Nam Đế)Vietnam571602Third Chinese domination
Cổ Loa (Hanoi)Âu Lạc (Thục dynasty)Vietnam257 BC207 BCFirst Chinese domination
Cổ Loa (Hanoi)(Ngô dynasty)Vietnam938967the upheavals of Twelve warlords
Đại La (Hanoi)An Nam (Phùng Hưng)Vietnam8th century?Annexed by Tang dynasty
Đại La (Hanoi)An Nam (Khúc clan)Vietnam905930Dương Dinh Nghe was killed by his legion commander Kiều Công Tiễn and thus ending Khúc rule.
Đại La (Hanoi)An Nam (Dương Đình Nghệ and Kiều Công Tiễn)Vietnam931937Ngô Quyền defeated Southern Han dynasty
Đông Đô (Hanoi)Đại Việt (Later Lê dynasty and Mạc dynasty)Vietnam14281788
Mê Linh (Hanoi)Trưng SistersVietnam4043Second Chinese domination
Long Biên (Hanoi)Vạn Xuân (Anterior Lý dynasty and Triệu Việt Vương)Vietnam544571moved to Phong Châu
Hoa Lư (Ninh Bình)Đại Cồ Việt (Đinh dynasty)Vietnam968980
Hoa Lư (Ninh Bình)Đại Cồ Việt (Early Lê dynasty)Vietnam9801009moved to Đại La, then renamed into Thăng Long
Tây Đô, Thanh HóaĐại Ngu (Hồ dynasty)Vietnam14001407Fourth Chinese domination; it was the first capital of Hồ dynasty
Tây Đô, Thanh HóaĐại Việt-Nam Triều (Restored Lê dynasty)Vietnam15331592moved to Thăng Long after defeating Mạc dynasty
Phú Xuân (Huế)Đại Việt-Đàng Trong (Nguyễn lords)Vietnam15581777Tây Sơn Dynasty unified Đại Việt
Phú Xuân (Huế)Đại Việt (Tây Sơn dynasty)Vietnam17881802Defeated by Nguyễn Ánh (Nguyễn dynasty)
Phú Xuân (Huế)Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty)Vietnam18021945moved to Hanoi after the abdication of Emperor Bảo Đại
Phú Xuân (Huế)Empire of VietnamVietnam19451945August Revolution
HuếAn Nam (Nguyễn dynasty)Vietnam18741955annexed by France, Geneva Conference (1954) led to the Partition of Vietnam
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City)French IndochinaVietnam18871901moved to Hanoi
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City)Vietnam, State ofVietnam19491955Geneva Conference (1954) led to the Partition of Vietnam; Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in 1976.
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City)Vietnam, SouthVietnam19541975Hanoi, country ceased to exist after unification of Vietnam
Thăng Long (Hanoi)Đại Việt (Lý & Trần dynasties)Vietnam10101400Trần dynasty renovated Thăng Long and renamed to Long Phượng
Thăng Long (Hanoi)Đại Việt (Later Lê dynasty)Vietnam14281527Southern and Northern Dynasties of Vietnam
Thăng Long (Hanoi)Đại Việt-Bắc Triều (Mạc dynasty)Vietnam15331592defeated by Trịnh lords; renamed again to Đông Đô
Thăng Long (Hanoi)Đại Việt-Đàng Ngoài (Later Lê dynasty - Trịnh lords)Vietnam15931788Thăng Long was destroyed by Qing dynasty and Tây Sơn dynasty unified Đại Việt, then moved to Phú Xuân; renamed to Bắc Thành; renamed to Hanoi in 1831.
HanoiFrench IndochinaVietnam19021953Geneva Conference (1954) led to the Partition of Vietnam; in 1831, Emperor Minh Mạng renamed Thăng Long to Hanoi (Hà Nội)
HanoiVietnam, NorthVietnam19541976Unification with South Vietnam to become the capital of unified Vietnam

East Asia[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
AnyangShang dynastyChinac. 1600 BCc. 1046 BCmoved to Chang'an - end of Shang Dynasty
Chang'anZhou dynastyChinac. 1046 BC722 BCmoved to Luoyang
Loyang (Luoyang)Zhou dynastyChina772 BC221 BCmoved to Xianyang - fall of Zhou Dynasty
XianyangQin dynastyChina221 BC206 BCmoved back to Chang'an - fall of Qin Dynasty
Chang'anHan dynastyChina206 BC25moved back to Luoyang
Loyang (Luoyang)Han dynastyChina25220Fall of the Han Dynasty marking the beginning of the Six Dynasties period
Chang'anSui dynasty and Tang dynastyChina581907fall of the Tang dynasty marking the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
KaifengSong dynastyChina9601127moved to Hangzhou
Hangchow (Hangzhou)Song dynastyChina11271279Kublai Khan integrated China into the Mongol Empire
Nanking (Nanjing)Ming dynastyChina13681421moved to Beijing
Nanking (Nanjing)China, Republic ofChina19281937moved to Chongqing because of Japanese occupation
Chungking (Chongqing)China, Republic ofChina19371945moved back to Nanjing
Nanking (Nanjing)China, Republic ofChina19451949 (de facto)moved to Taipei after the loss of the mainland which caused the nationalist government fled to Taiwan and made Taipei the temporary capital of the Republic of China. Beijing was proclaimed the capital of the People's Republic of China.
HakodateRepublic of EzoJapan18681869Annexed by Japan
MiddagMiddag, Kingdom ofTaiwan?1732?Middag annexed by Qing Dynasty
TainanFormosa, Republic ofTaiwan18951895Annexed by Japan
TainanTungning, Kingdom ofTaiwan16621683Kingdom of Tungning conquered by Qing dynasty. Tainan remained the seat of government until 1885.
AsukaJapanJapan?694moved to Fujiwara-kyō (Kashihara)
Fujiwara-kyō (Kashihara)JapanJapan694710moved to Heijō-kyō (Nara)
Heijō-kyō (Nara)JapanJapan710784moved to Nagaoka-kyō (Nagaoka)
Nagaoka-kyō (Nagaoka)JapanJapan784794moved to Heian-kyō (Kyoto)
Heian-kyō (Kyoto)JapanJapan7941868moved to Tokyo (see also: Capital of Japan)
Wanggeom (Pyongyang)GojoseonNorth Korea194 BC108 BCfall of Gojoseon
Jolbon (Wunü Mountain)GoguryeoLiaoning, China37 BC3moved to Gungnae City
Gungnae City (Ji'an)GoguryeoJilin, China3427moved to Pyongyang
PyongyangGoguryeoNorth Korea427668fall of Goguryeo
Seorabeol (Gyeongju)SillaSouth Korea57 BC935fall of Silla
Wirye (Southern Seoul)BaekjeSouth Korea18 BC476moved to Ungjin
Ungjin (Gongju)BaekjeSouth Korea476538moved to Sabi
SabiBaekjeSouth Korea538660fall of Baekje
Sanggyeong (Ning'an)BalhaeHeilongjiang, China756926fall of Balhae
GaegyeongGoryeoNorth Korea9191392moved to Hanyang (Seoul) - fall of Goryeo Dynasty
ShuriRyūkyū KingdomJapan14291879Annexed by Japan
SeoulNorth KoreaSouth Korea19481972de jure capital changed to Pyongyang in a new Constitution of North Korea[3]

Europe[edit]

Northern Europe[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
RoskildeDenmarkDenmarkc. 10201443moved to Copenhagen
RibeNorth Sea EmpireDenmark10161035Empire collapsed with the death of Cnut the Great.
CopenhagenKalmar UnionDenmark14431524
CopenhagenDenmark–NorwayDenmark15241814
TurkuFinland, Grand Duchy ofFinland18091812moved to Helsinki
VaasaFinland, Republic ofFinland19181918Temporary capital during the Civil War
FernsLaighin (Leinster) (under Dermot MacMurrough)Ireland6th century12th centuryIreland invaded by Normans
CashelMunster, Kingdom ofIreland1st century BC1118Division of Munster into Desmond and Thomond
KilkennyIreland, ConfederateIreland16421651Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
KernavėLithuania, Grand Duchy ofLithuania12791321moved to Trakai
TrakaiLithuania, Grand Duchy ofLithuaniac. 1321c. 1323moved to Vilnius
KaunasLithuania, Republic of (details)Lithuania19221940moved back to Vilnius
Nidaros (Trondheim)Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)Norway9971217moved to Bergen
Bjørgvin (Bergen)Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)Norway12171299moved to Oslo
Christiania (Oslo)NorwayNorway19051925(also written Kristiania from ca. 1877), renamed Oslo
Gamla UppsalaSwedenSweden9th century1273moved to Uppsala
UppsalaSwedenSweden12731436moved to Stockholm
Din Guardi (Bamburgh Castle)BryneichUnited Kingdom420547conquering of the Kingdom
ChelmsfordEssexUnited Kingdom1 July 13816 July 1381Briefly moved from London due to Peasants' Revolt
Bebbanburgh (Bamburgh)BerniciaUnited Kingdom547634merged with Deira to become Northumbria
Ebrauc (York)DeiraUnited Kingdom5th Century866merged with Bernicia to become Northumbria
YorkNorthumbriaUnited Kingdom834866fall of the Kingdom
Dorchester on ThamesWessexUnited Kingdom634686moved to Winchester
RendleshamEast Anglia, Kingdom ofUnited Kingdom6th century1017absorbed into England
WinchesterWessexUnited Kingdom686927formation of England
WinchesterEngland, Kingdom ofUnited Kingdom9271066moved to London
CastletownMan, Isle ofUnited Kingdom10901874moved to Douglas
TamworthMerciaUnited Kingdom7th Century927fall of Kingdom, superseded by Winchester
Scone, near PerthScotland, Kingdom ofUnited Kingdom8461452moved to Edinburgh
EdinburghScotland, Kingdom ofUnited Kingdom14521707Scotland was united with England under one monarch in 1603. Edinburgh remains the capital of Scotland within the United Kingdom.
MachynllethWales, Principality ofUnited Kingdom14041416seat of Owain Glyndŵr's self-proclaimed parliament. Capital declared to be Cardiff in 1955
YorkScandinavian YorkUnited Kingdom875954fall of kingdom
Camulodunum (Colchester)Roman BritainUnited Kingdom4361moved to Londinium (London) after being destroyed by Boudica.

Southern Europe[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
CorteCorsica, Republic ofFrance17551769Corsican Republic annexed by France
CorteAnglo-Corsican KingdomFrance17941795moved to Bastia
BastiaAnglo-Corsican KingdomFrance17951796Corsican Kingdom annexed by France
ChambérySavoy, Duchy ofFrance14161562moved to Turin
TharrosArborea, Giudicato ofItaly9th century1070moved to Oristano
OristanoArborea, Giudicato ofItaly10701410moved to Sassari
SassariArborea, Giudicato ofItaly14101420remaining territories sold to the Kingdom of Sardinia
Santa IgiaCagliari, Giudicato ofItaly9th century1258country dissolved, territories annexed by Arborea, Gallura, Pisa and Gherardesca
MilanCisalpine RepublicItaly17971802became the Italian Republic
FlorenceEtruria, Kingdom ofItaly18011807Kingdom of Etruria annexed by France
FerraraFerrara, Duchy ofItaly14711597annexed by the Papacy
FlorenceFlorence, Duchy ofItaly15321569became Grand Duchy of Tuscany
FlorenceFlorence, Republic ofItaly11151532became Duchy of Florence
OlbiaGallura, Giudicato ofItaly9th century1296country dissolved, territories annexed by Pisa and Arborea
GenoaGenoa, Republic ofItaly11th century1805annexed by France
MilanItalian RepublicItaly18021805Became the Kingdom of Italy
SalòItalian Social RepublicItaly19431945Republic ceased to exist
MilanItaly, Kingdom of (Napoleonic)Italy18051814Kingdom ceased to exist
TurinItaly, Kingdom of (Sardinian)Italy18611865moved to Florence
FlorenceItaly, Kingdom of (Sardinian)Italy18651871moved to Rome
RomeItaly, Kingdom of (Sardinian)Italy18711946Kingdom became Republic
MilanLombardo-Venetian KingdomItaly18151859Milan ceded to Kingdom of Sardinia
VeniceLombardo-Venetian KingdomItaly18591866Kingdom annexed by Kingdom of Italy
LuccaLucca, Duchy ofItaly18151847Duchy annexed by Grand Duchy of Tuscany
LuccaLucca, Republic ofItaly12881805Republic annexed by France
MantuaMantua, Duchy ofItaly14331708attached to the Duchy of Milan
MilanMilan, Duchy ofItaly13951797became part of the Cisalpine Republic
ModenaModena, Duchy ofItaly14521860became part of united Italy
NaplesNaples, Kingdom ofItaly12821816Kingdom of Naples merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
PiacenzaParma, Duchy ofItaly15451547moved to Parma, following the assassination of the Duke Pierluigi Farnese
ParmaParma (and Piacenza), Duchy ofItaly15471860Became part of united Italy
CagliariSardinia, Kingdom ofItaly13241720moved to Turin
TurinSardinia, Kingdom ofItaly17201861Became part of unified Italy
SassariSassari, Republic ofItaly12941323Became part of Kingdom of Sardinia
TurinSavoy, Duchy ofItaly15621720Became part of Kingdom of Sardinia
PalermoSicily, Kingdom ofItaly11301816Kingdom merged into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
CataniaTrinacria, Kingdom ofItaly12821401Capital moved to Palermo. After 1302 the Kingdom of Sicily was sometimes called the Kingdom of Trinacria.
Porto TorresTorres, Giudicato ofItaly9th century11th centurymoved to Ardara
ArdaraTorres, Giudicato ofItaly11th century1272moved to Sassari
SassariTorres, Giudicato ofItaly12721280country dissolved, territories annexed by Malaspina, Doria, Pisa and Arborea
TriesteTrieste, Free Territory ofItaly19471954Territory dissolved, integrated into Italy and Yugoslavia
FlorenceTuscany, Grand Duchy ofItaly15691860became part of unified Italy
SienaSiena, Republic ofItaly11251555Conquered by Florence
NaplesTwo Sicilies, Kingdom of theItaly18161861became part of unified Italy
UrbinoUrbino, Duchy ofItaly14431523moved to Pesaro
PesaroUrbino, Duchy ofItaly15231625annexed by the Papacy
VeniceVenice, Republic ofItalyfl. 9th century1797annexed by Austria
RabatGozitan NationMalta17981801became part of the British Protectorate of Malta
MdinaPart of Kingdom of SicilyMalta700 BC1530moved to Birgu upon arrival of the Order of Saint John
BirguHistory of Malta under the Order of Saint JohnMalta15301571moved to Valletta
GuimarãesPortugal, Kingdom ofPortugal11281179moved to Coimbra
CoimbraPortugal, Kingdom ofPortugal11791255moved to Lisbon
BarcelonaVisigothic KingdomSpain507546moved to Toledo
BarcelonaCounty of Barcelona, Crown of Aragon, Principality of Catalonia and Catalan RepublicSpain8011715annexed by Spain and France
BarcelonaSecond Spanish RepublicSpain19371939Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War
CórdobaCórdoba, Emirate ofSpain756929Succeeded by Caliphate of Córdoba.
CórdobaCórdoba, Caliphate ofSpain9291031country dissolved, became part of Taifa of Córdoba
BurgosCastile, Crown ofSpain11th century15th centurymoved to Valladolid
SantiagoCouto MixtoSpain12th century1864Couto Mixto annexed by Spain and Portugal
GranadaGranada, Emirate ofSpain12501492Emirate ceased to exist after the Reconquista and incorporated into Castile
ToledoCastile, Crown ofSpain15th century1469moved to Valladolid
ValladolidCastile, Crown ofSpain14691561moved to Madrid. Was briefly the Spanish capital again from 1601–1606.
ValenciaSecond Spanish RepublicSpain19361937Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War

Western Europe[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
ViennaAustrian EmpireAustria18061867became capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
ViennaAustro-Hungarian EmpireAustria18671918became capital of the Republic of Austria after Empire collapsed
TournaiFranciaBelgium431486Under kings Childeric I and Clovis I, Tournai was the capital of the Frankish empire. In the year 486, Clovis moved the centre of power to Paris, as a result, the Low Countries region ceased to be the political centre of the Frankish empire.
KelmisNeutral MoresnetBelgium18161919Moresnet annexed by Belgium
VichyFrance, State ofFrance19401944capital of Vichy France régime, defeated by Allies
AachenCarolingian EmpireGermany800814became capital of Charlemagne as Imperator Augustus and Emperor of the Carolingian Empire
KarlsruheBaden, Grand Duchy ofGermany17711918Baden became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Karlsruhe remained the capital of the German state of Baden until 1945.
MunichBavaria, Kingdom ofGermany14th century1918Bavaria became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Munich remains the capital of the German state of Bavaria.
Braunschweig(Brunswick)Brunswick, Duchy ofGermany18151918Brunswick became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Braunschweig remained the capital of the German Free State of Brunswick until 1946 when it became part of the German state of Lower Saxony.
FrankfurtRhine, Confederation of theGermany18061815Confederation dissolved
FrankfurtGerman ConfederationGermany18151866German Confederation dissolved
BerlinGerman EmpireGermany18711918
BerlinGermany (Weimar Republic)Germany19191933
BerlinGermany (Nazi Germany)Germany19331945Separation of Germany into occupation zones for the Allied powers
BonnGermany, WestGermany19491990Moved to Berlin after re-unification of Germany. Bonn retained as the German seat of government until 1999.
East BerlinGermany, EastGermany19491990East Berlin and West Berlin merged to form reunified Berlin, country ceased to exist after reunification of Germany
HanoverHanover, Kingdom ofGermany18141866Hanover annexed by Prussia, became capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover, currently the capital of the German state of Lower Saxony
DarmstadtHesse-Darmstadt, Landgraviate of, Hesse, Grand Duchy ofGermany15671918Hesse-Darmstadt became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Darmstadt remained the capital of the German People's State of Hesse until 1945.
KasselHesse-Darmstadt, Landgraviate of, Hesse-Kassel, Landgraviate of, Hesse, Electorate ofGermany12771866Hesse-Kassel annexed by Prussia in 1866; Kassel became capital of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau
WiesbadenNassau, Duchy ofGermany18161866Nassau annexed by Prussia, currently the capital of the German state of Hesse
OldenburgOldenburg, Duchy ofGermany11801918Oldenburg became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Oldenburg remained the capital of the German Free State of Oldenburg until 1946 when it became part of the German state of Lower Saxony.
HeidelbergPalatinate, Electorate of theGermany14th century1720moved to Mannheim
MannheimPalatinate, Electorate of theGermany17201777Palatinate inherited by the Electors of Bavaria.
DresdenSaxony, Kingdom ofGermany14851918Saxony became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Dresden remained the capital of the German state of Saxony until Saxony itself lost its statehood in 1952 when it was part of East Germany. Dresden became again the capital of Saxony in 1990 following reunification.
BückeburgSchaumburg-Lippe, Principality ofGermany16431918Schaumburg-Lippe became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Bückeburg remained the capital of the German Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe until 1946 when it became part of the German state of Lower Saxony.
KasselWestphalia, Kingdom ofGermany18071813dissolved in 1813
StuttgartWürttemberg, Kingdom ofGermanyc. 13001918Württemberg became part of the German Empire in 1871, and lost sovereignty fully in 1918. Stuttgart remained the capital of the German state of Württemberg until 1945 when it became the capital of newly-established state of Württemberg-Baden, and then became capital of the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
ZürichOld Swiss ConfederacySwitzerland14151530Vorort of the Swiss diet, after 1530 partially replaced by Lucerne.[4]
AarauHelvetic RepublicSwitzerland17981798moved to Lucerne
LucerneHelvetic RepublicSwitzerland17981803Helvetic Republic abolished

Eastern Europe[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
NovgorodKievan Rus'Russia862882moved to Kiev
Kiev (Kyiv)Kievan Rus'Ukraine8821169state broke up, moved to Vladimir, Halych and Novgorod
VladimirGrand Duchy of VladimirRussia11691327moved to Moscow
BolgharVolga BulgariaRussia8th century1240sVolga Bulgaria lost sovereignty
KazanKazan KhanateRussia14381552Kazan Khanate lost sovereignty
MoscowMoscow, Grand Duchy ofRussia13271547
MoscowRussia, Tsardom ofRussia15471712moved to Saint Petersburg
YaroslavlRussia, Tsardom ofRussia16111612de facto
Saint PetersburgRussia, Tsardom ofRussia17121721The Russian Tsardom became the Russian Empire.
Saint PetersburgRussian EmpireRussia17211727Empire was officially proclaimed by Tsar Peter I, following the Treaty of Nystad (1721).
MoscowRussian EmpireRussia17271731moved to Saint Petersburg
Saint PetersburgRussian EmpireRussia17311914City renamed Petrograd.
Petrograd (Saint Petersburg)Russian EmpireRussia19141918moved to Moscow
MoscowSoviet UnionRussia19221991State union dissolved, Became capital of Russia
VolodymyrGalicia–Volhynia, Kingdom ofUkraine11991238moved to Halych
HalychGalicia–Volhynia, Kingdom ofUkraine12381272moved to Lev (Lviv)
Lev (Lviv)Galicia–Volhynia, Kingdom ofUkraine12721349Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia lost its sovereignty
ChyhyrynCossack HetmanateUkraine16481669moved to Baturyn
BaturynCossack HetmanateUkraine16691708moved to Hlukhiv after demolition of the city by Russian forces
HlukhivCossack HetmanateUkraine17081722Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
HlukhivCossack HetmanateUkraine17271734Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
BaturynCossack HetmanateUkraine17501764Cossack Hetmanate lost its sovereignty
Kiev (Kyiv)Ukrainian People's RepublicUkraine19171920Ukrainian People's Republic lost its sovereignty
LvivWest Ukrainian People's RepublicUkraine19181918Polish forces captured the city
TernopilWest Ukrainian People's RepublicUkraine19181919
Stanislaviv (Ivano-Frankivsk)West Ukrainian People's RepublicUkraine19191919
Kharkov (Kharkiv)Ukrainian SSRUkraine19191934moved to Kiev (Kyiv)
UzhhorodCarpatho-UkraineUkraine19381938Parts of the territory including Uzhhorod were transferred to the Kingdom of Hungary as a result of First Vienna Award. Capital moved to Khust.
KhustCarpatho-UkraineUkraine19381939Carpatho-Ukraine lost its sovereignty.

Southeastern Europe[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
GjirokastërArbanon, Principality ofAlbania11901255
DurrësAlbania, Kingdom ofAlbania12721368
DurrësAlbania, Principality ofAlbania13681392
KrujëGjirokastër, Principality ofAlbania12861418
BeratBerat, Lordship ofAlbania13351444Berat became part of the League of Lezhë.
LezhëDukagjini, Principality ofAlbania13871444Dukagjini became part of the League of Lezhë.
KrujëKastrioti, Principality ofAlbania13891444Kastrioti became part of the League of Lezhë
LezhëLezhë, League ofAlbania14441450
VlorëAlbania, IndependentAlbania19121914moved to Durrës
DurrësAlbania, Principality ofAlbania19141920moved to Tirana
PliskaBulgarian Empire, FirstBulgaria681 AD893 ADmoved to Preslav
PreslavBulgarian Empire, FirstBulgaria893 AD972 ADcapital of First Bulgarian Empire (moved to Skopie)
SkopjeBulgarian Empire, FirstNorth Macedonia972 AD992 ADcapital of First Bulgarian Empire (moved to Ohrid), Macedonia
OhridBulgarian Empire, FirstNorth Macedonia992 AD1018capital of First Bulgarian Empire; Empire ceased to exist after Byzantine conquest
TarnovoBulgarian Empire, SecondBulgaria11851393moved to Vidin
VidinBulgarian Empire, SecondBulgaria13931396Empire ceased to exist after the Ottoman conquest
TarnovoPrincipality of BulgariaBulgaria18781879moved to Sofia
PlovdivEastern RumeliaBulgaria18781885annexed as part of the Unification of Bulgaria
Ragusa (Dubrovnik)Ragusa, Republic ofCroatia7th century1808annexed by France
VaraždinCroatia, Kingdom ofCroatia17561776Moved back to Zagreb, when a fire destroyed most of the city.
Fiume (Rijeka)Fiume, Free State ofCroatia19201924annexed by Kingdom of Italy
ChaniaCretan StateGreece18981913Cretan State united with Greece
CorfuSeptinsular RepublicGreece18001815Succeeded by the United States of the Ionian Islands, an amical protectorate of the United Kingdom, which had Corfu as its capital, too, until 1864, when the island country became part of the Kingdom of Greece.
NafplioHellenic Republic, FirstGreece18211836moved to Athens
AeginaHellenic Republic, FirstGreece18271829moved back to Nafplio
SiretMoldavia, Principality ofRomania13541388moved to Suceava
SuceavaMoldavia, Principality ofRomania13881564moved to Iași
IașiMoldavia, Principality ofRomania15641859unified with Wallachia to form United Principalities of Romania
IașiRomanian United PrincipalitiesRomania18591862one of the two capitals of the United Principalities, then moved to Bucharest
BucharestRomanian United PrincipalitiesRomania18591916moved to Iași after partial occupation of the Kingdom of Romania during World War I
IașiRomania, Kingdom ofRomania19161918moved back to Bucharest
Curtea de ArgeșWallachia, Principality ofRomaniafl.13th centuryfl.15th century
CâmpulungWallachia, Principality ofRomaniafl.13th centuryfl.15th centurymoved to Târgoviște
TârgovișteWallachia, Principality ofRomania14181659moved to Bucharest
BucharestWallachia, Principality ofRomania16591859unified with Moldavia to form United Principalities of Romania
Constantinople (Istanbul)Byzantine EmpireTurkey330 AD661 ADEmperor Constans II relocated his capital to Syracuse in Sicily.
SyracuseByzantine EmpireItaly661 AD668 ADConstans II was assassinated and the seat of Byzantine government was returned to Constantinople.
Constantinople (Istanbul)Byzantine EmpireTurkey668 AD1204The Fourth Crusade set out to replace the Greek Orthodox Byzantine Empire with a Latin version and there were several Byzantine successor states, the most memorable of which being the Empire of Nicaea.
Nicaea (İznik)Byzantine EmpireTurkey12041261When the Empire of Nicaea recaptured Constantinople, they relocated the capital there as well
Constantinople (Istanbul)Byzantine EmpireTurkey12611453Byzantine Empire conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
BursaOttoman EmpireTurkey13351365moved to Edirne
EdirneOttoman EmpireTurkey13651453moved to Istanbul (Constantinople)
IstanbulOttoman EmpireTurkey14531923The Ottoman Empire became the Republic of Turkey. The capital moved to Ankara.
CetinjeMontenegro, Prince-Bishopric ofMontenegro16961852
CetinjeMontenegro, Principality ofMontenegro18521910
CetinjeMontenegro, Kingdom ofMontenegro19101918Became part of Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Capital of SR Montenegro moved to Titograd (Podgorica) in 1946.
Stari RasSerbia, Grand Principality ofSerbia950 AD1234capital of the Grand Principality of Serbia, and the historical region of Raška
PrapratnaDukljaMontenegro...1042moved to Skadar
Skadar (Shkodër)Duklja, ZetaAlbania10421385moved to Ulcinj (Olcinium)
DebrcSerbia, Kingdom ofSerbia12761289moved to Belgrade
PrizrenSerbia, Kingdom ofSerbia13001345moved to Skopje
SkopljeSerbian EmpireNorth Macedonia13451371capital of Serbian Empire, now capital of North Macedonia
KruševacSerbia, MoravianSerbia13711405capital of Serbia, moved to Belgrade
Ulcinj (Olcinium)ZetaMontenegro13851403moved to Bar (Antivari)
Bar (Antivari)ZetaMontenegro14031408
BelgradeSerbian DespotateSerbia14051427
Skadar (Shkodër)ZetaMontenegro14081474moved to Žabljak (Žabljak Crnojevića)
SmederevoSerbian DespotateSerbia14301453
Žabljak CrnojevićaZetaMontenegro14741475moved to Obod
ObodZetaMontenegro14751482moved to Cetinje
SuboticaJovan Nenad's EmpireSerbia15261527
KragujevacSerbia, Principality ofSerbia18181841moved to Belgrade
BelgradeYugoslavia, Kingdom ofSerbia19181945
BelgradeYugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic ofSerbia19451992
BelgradeYugoslavia, Federal Republic of/ Serbia and Montenegro, State Union ofSerbia19922006State union dissolved, became capital of Serbia

Central Europe[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
PragueCzechoslovakiaCzech Republic19181993became capital in Czech Republic
Székesfehérvár and EsztergomHungary, Kingdom ofHungary972 (or 973)1256The capital moved from Esztergom to Buda after most of the city was destroyed by the Mongols in 1242
BudaHungary, Kingdom ofHungary13611536moved to Pressburg (Pozsony) after part of the nation captured by Ottoman Empire
Pozsony
(Bratislava)		Hungary, RoyalSlovakia15361784The Capital was here because Turks captured Buda, in 1784 it was moved back to Buda
BudaHungary, Kingdom ofHungary17841849Became part of Austrian Empire, capital in Vienna.
BudaLands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (under Austria-Hungary)Hungary18671873united with Óbuda and Pest to become Budapest
PłockMasovia (under Miecław)Polandc. 10381047Masovia reincorporated into Poland
PłockMasovia, Duchy ofPoland11381313moved to Czersk
CzerskMasovia, Duchy ofPoland13131413moved to Warsaw
WarsawMasovia, Duchy ofPoland14131526Masovia reincorporated into Poland
GnieznoPoland, Kingdom ofPoland10th century1038moved to Kraków
PoznańPoland, Kingdom ofPoland10th century1038moved to Kraków
KrakówPoland, Kingdom ofPoland10381079moved to Płock
PłockPoland, Kingdom ofPoland10791138moved to Kraków
KrakówPoland, Kingdom ofPoland11381290moved to Poznań
PoznańPoland, Kingdom ofPoland12901296moved to Kraków
KrakówPoland, Kingdom ofPoland12961596moved to Warsaw
LublinPolish Committee of National LiberationPoland19441945de facto capital
ŁódźPolish People's RepublicPoland19451947de facto capital

Oceania[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
MelbourneAustraliaAustralia1901–19081927Melbourne was the de facto seat of Government from 1901 until 1927, when in 1908, it was decided that the planned city of Canberra be the capital city and seat of Government.[5][6][a]
LevukaFiji, Colony ofFiji18741877moved to Suva
Jabor, Jaluit Atoll?Marshall Islands18851944moved to Majuro Atoll
Kolonia?Micronesia, Federated States of19141989moved to Palikir
Okiato (Russell)New Zealand, Colony ofNew Zealand18401841moved to Auckland. Several Māori chiefs offered land at Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland) so a capital could be established there.[7]
AucklandNew Zealand, Colony ofNew Zealand18411865moved to Wellington. In 1863 it was proposed that the capital be moved somewhere on the shores of Cook Strait. An independent tribunal decided on the location. They visited a number of sites and chose Wellington.[8]
KororPalauPalau19942006moved to Ngerulmud
TulagiBritish Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands18961942moved to Honiara

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Melbourne is sometimes said to have been the inaugural capital of Australia, from 1901 until 1927, when Parliament House, Canberra was opened. This is not so. Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia states that the seat of government is to be within the state of New South Wales but not less than 100 miles from Sydney, and that until that place (Canberra) was built, the Parliament of Australia would meet at Melbourne. That made Melbourne the de facto (but not de jure) seat of government 1901–1927, but it did not amount to Melbourne being declared the capital, and it was never so described in contemporary documents.

North America[edit]

For the historical capitals of the United States, the Confederate States of America, the Republic of Texas, the Vermont Republic, the Kingdom and Republic of Hawaii, as well as various unrecognised nations and various recognised nations (kingdoms, empires, duchies, etc.) within the present United States, see List of capitals in the United States § Former national capitals.
For the many capitals of the former Province of Canada, see that article.
Old capital cityCountry, empireFromUntilChange, reason
James TownBarbados16251628moved to Bridgetown, purpose built
St. GeorgeBermuda16121815moved to Hamilton
Belize CityBritish Honduras16381970moved to Belmopan because of the devastating effects of Hurricane Hattie in 1961
Chan Santa CruzChan Santa Cruzc. 18521901became part of Mexico
CartagoCosta Rica15621823moved to San José
Santiago de CubaCuba15221589moved (after 1607 in Havana)
Santiago de los CaballerosDominican Republic18631865Dominican Restoration War
Spanish TownJamaica15341872moved to Kingston
QuetzaltenangoLos Altos18381840country ceased to exist
GranadaNicaragua18211857moved to Managua
St. John'sNewfoundland18551949entered confederation within Canada and became the country's 10th province
Washington, D.C.Philippine CommonwealthMay 1942October 1944returned to the Philippines subsequent to the end of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War II
Old Road TownSaint Kitts16231727capital moved to Basseterre
San Jose de Oruña (Saint Joseph)British Trinidad15921783moved to Port of Spain
CaparraPuerto Rico15081521moved to San Juan
Port of Spain and ChaguaramasWest Indies Federation19581962country ceased to exist
MéridaRepublic of Yucatán18401847Yucatán annexed by Mexico
Comayagua, ComayaguaRepublic of Honduras15401937Tiburcio Carias Andino changed the capital because of its proximity to the San Juancito mines

South America[edit]

Old capital cityCountryToday a part ofFromUntilChange, reason
CuzcoInca EmpirePerufl. 13th Century1534Inca Empire conquered and taken over by the Spanish, who designated Jauja as their administration site
CoroVenezuela, Captaincy General ofVenezuela15271578moved to Caracas to prevent an invasion due to its large coastline.
Cidade do Acre (Porto Acre)Acre, Republic ofBrazil18991900returned to Bolivia, then incorporated into Brazil
JaujaNew Castile GovernoratePeru15341535moved to Lima along the coastline in 1535
PerquencoAraucanía and Patagonia, Kingdom ofChile18601862incorporated to Chile and Argentina
ParanáArgentine ConfederationArgentina18531861moved to Buenos Aires, after the secessionist State of Buenos Aires rejoined Argentina
Salvador da BahiaColonial BrazilBrazil15491763moved to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de JaneiroPortugal, Kingdom ofBrazil18081815became capital of Portugal when the Portuguese king John VI moved to the colony of Brazil during the war with Napoleonic France in 1808.
Rio de JaneiroPortugal, Brazil and the Algarves; Kingdom ofBrazil18151825It came into being when the colony of Brazil was elevated to the rank of a Kingdom, and the Kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve were united as a single State by the title of The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve by a Law issued on December 16, 1815.
Rio de JaneiroBrazilBrazil17631960moved to Brasília
ConcepciónChile, Captaincy General ofChile15651575moved to Santiago
Concepción del UruguayEntre Ríos, Republic ofArgentina18201821country dissolved (and incorporated to Argentina) after the death of Francisco Ramírez
LagunaJuliana RepublicBrazil18361836reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the Ragamuffin War
Purificación [es] (near Paysandú)Liga FederalUruguay18151820country dissolved
TacnaPeru–Bolivian ConfederationPeru18371839country ceased to exist
PiratiniRiograndense RepublicBrazil18361845reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the Ragamuffin War
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

See also[edit]

  • List of capitals of Burma
  • Historical capitals of China
    • List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China
  • List of historical capitals of Egypt
  • List of capitals of France
  • Capital of Germany
  • List of capitals of India
  • Historical capitals of Norway
  • List of capitals in the United States
  • Institutional seats of the European Union
  • List of former sovereign states
  • List of sovereign states by date of formation

References[edit]

  1. ^ Pakistan Affairs. Information Division, Embassy of Pakistan. 1968. p. 19.
  2. ^ "Genesis of Bangladesh's Constitution". The Daily Star. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  3. ^ Eberstadt, Nick (1999). The End of North Korea. Washington: American Enterprise Institute. pp. 26, 32. ISBN 978-0-8447-4087-4.
  4. ^ Vorort in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  5. ^ "Canberra, the Seat of Government". nca.gov.au. National Capital Authority. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  6. ^ Article Chapter VII, Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia (19 July 1900; 1 January 1901)
  7. ^ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/capital-city
  8. ^ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/capital-city