Kentucky Educational Television

Kentucky Educational Television

Type	Non-commercial educational broadcast television network
Branding	KET (general) KET: The Kentucky Network (secondary)
Country	United States
Slogan	Where Learning Comes to Life
TV stations	See list of stations (the network is usually carried as the main subchannel)
TV transmitters	See transmitter map
Headquarters	600 Cooper Drive, Lexington, Kentucky
Area	statewide Kentucky
Owner	Kentucky Authority for Educational Television
Parent	Commonwealth of Kentucky
Established	1962; 59 years ago (1962)
Launch date	September 23, 1968 (52 years ago) (1968-09-23)
Digital channel(s)	See digital channels
Picture format	480i (SDTV) (1968–2008) 720p (HDTV) (2008–present)
Affiliation(s)	PBS
Affiliates	see article
Former affiliations	NET (1968–1970)
Official website	www.ket.org

Kentucky Educational Television (branded on-air as KET: The Kentucky Network or simply KET) is a state network of PBS member television stations serving the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky. It is operated by the Kentucky Authority for Educational Television, an agency of the Kentucky state government which holds the licenses for almost all of the PBS member stations licensed in the state with the exception of WKYU-TV (channel 24) in Bowling Green. KET is the largest PBS state network in the United States;^[1] the broadcast signals of its sixteen stations cover almost all of the state, as well as parts of Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.

The network's offices, network center and primary studio facilities are located at the O. Leonard Press Telecommunications Center on Cooper Drive in Lexington, adjacent to the campus of the University of Kentucky (KET has no other direct affiliation with the university). KET also has production centers in Louisville as well as at the Kentucky State Capitol Annex in Frankfort. KET carries national programming from PBS and American Public Television along with a wide range of local programming, basic skills and workplace education.^[1]

History[edit]

Creation of the network[edit]

KET was founded by O. Leonard Press, a member of the University of Kentucky faculty, who was a pioneer in educational broadcasting. Before coming to the university, Press had developed the weekly broadcast from the National Press Club, which has aired for over half a century. In the mid-1950s, he taped a popular anthropology course, and the response to the telecourses was positive enough for Press and two of his colleagues to consider founding an educational television station at UK. This was a natural choice given UK's history in educational broadcasting. UK had been involved in broadcasting in one form or another since 1921, and operated WBKY (now WUKY), the nation's oldest educational radio station on the FM dial.^[2][3][4]

This drive failed, but Press and his colleagues decided to set their sights higher and make a bid for a statewide educational television network along the lines of Alabama Educational Television (now Alabama Public Television). At the time, the only educational station in Kentucky was WFPK-TV (channel 15, now KET outlet WKPC-TV) in Louisville, which signed on the air on September 8, 1958. Before KET signed on, the only other areas of Kentucky that received a clear signal from an educational television station were Northern Kentucky (from WCET in Cincinnati), the Jackson Purchase (from WSIU-TV in Carbondale, Illinois), and certain areas of South Central Kentucky near the Tennessee state line (from WDCN, now WNPT, in Nashville, Tennessee).

The idea gained little momentum until 1959, when Press addressed the local Rotary Club in the state capital of Frankfort and a story about it appeared in The Courier-Journal newspaper. After landing support from UK officials, what was supposed to be a short meeting with Governor Bert T. Combs turned into a proposal to start the state network. The Kentucky Authority for Educational Television was created in 1962 with Press serving as its executive director.^[5]

The project made little progress until 1965 when Ashland Oil founder Paul G. Blazer personally acquired the first thirteen transmitter sites and then gifted the sites to the authority. Ownership of the sites led to KET's expanded inclusion in the state budget and eligibility for HEW and Appalachian Regional Commission grants.^[6]

First years on air (1968–1989)[edit]

KET finally went on the air for the first time on September 23, 1968 at 7:30 a.m. Eastern Time (6:30 a.m. Central Time).^[7] The first broadcast started with Governor Louie B. Nunn speaking at the network's dedication ceremony that marked the network's first day on the air.^[8][9] Nunn himself turned the dial to officially put the network on the air.^[7] That first day, eight transmitters opened, at Ashland, Bowling Green, Elizabethtown, Madisonville, Morehead, Owenton, Somerset, plus two dependent translators at Hopkinsville and Owensboro.^[7]

The Hazard, Murray and Pikeville transmitters, construction of which was delayed by weather, were not ready in time for the start of the network; Murray went into service on October 7^[10] and the others near the end of the year. Another transmitter had started construction later, WCVN in Covington;^[7] it began broadcasting September 8, 1969.^[11]

After the initial twelve-transmitter network was completed, three more stations were added. Network reception turned out to be poor in the Louisville area, prompting the network to add WKMJ-TV channel 68 on August 31, 1970. In Paducah, failed commercial station WDXR-TV was donated to the network, rebuilt and returned as WKPD in 1979,^[12] and a full-power Owensboro transmitter, WKOH-TV channel 31,^[13] signed on February 14, 1980.^[14]

Before joining PBS in 1970, KET was a member of its predecessor, National Educational Television, for its first two years of operation, broadcasting some of that network's programs. The first instructional television (ITV) program produced by KET was Kentucky is My Land, which premiered in 1969.^[15] Originally operating only during school hours, the network began broadcasting adult education and evening fare in January 1970; by 1975, it was showing programming seven days a week.^[16] The network began nightly coverage of the Kentucky General Assembly in 1978.

In 1982, KET Enterprises was created as a syndication arm of KET to develop, acquire and distribute educational programs nationally to and from other PBS affiliated networks.^[17]

Star Channels and distance learning[edit]

From 1988 through the 1990s and early 2000s, KET's Star Channels satellite network brought hundreds of hours of instructional programming and professional development seminars to schools all over Kentucky.^[18][19][20] The Star Channels received the national Innovations Award from the Ford Foundation in 1991.^[21]KET Star Channels 703 and 704 were eventually converted into satellite-exclusive television channels that were entirely different from the over-the-air KET schedule, similar to those of KET3 and KET4 when they were launched in the early 2000s. Star Channels 703 and 704 were also available to Ku-band free-to-air satellite television users.^[22]

Creation of a second service[edit]

In late 1996, the Kentucky Authority for Educational Television acquired the license for Louisville's then-standalone WKPC-TV from locally based Fifteen Telecommunications, Inc.; WKPC-TV had suffered a series of financial mishaps and had competed with KET for viewers in Louisville. KET's statewide schedule moved to WKPC-TV from WKMJ-TV on July 1. WKMJ went silent on that day for an upgrade on its transmitter; its August 1997 return to the air marked the launch of KET's second service, KET2, which was intentionally made to be tailored to the Louisville metropolitan area.^[23][24]

Kentucky's first digital television station[edit]

WKPC-TV's digital signal, WKPC-DT, was the first KET affiliate to broadcast in digital, and Kentucky's first digital television station. On August 19, 1999, that station's digital signal was turned on by then-Kentucky governor Paul E. Patton as part of the opening day festivities of the Kentucky State Fair.^[25][26]

Programming[edit]

Current programming[edit]

• Comment on Kentucky, KET's longest-running public affairs program.^[27] It has been in existence since 1974. Series creator and original host, Al Smith, retired from the series in November 2007. It has since been hosted by Ferrell Wellman and Bill Bryant.
• Kentucky Afield is a magazine, radio show and television program, and is the official publication and television/radio program of the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. The magazine is a quarterly periodical while the television and radio programs are a 30-minute broadcast, all of which is devoted to the fish and wildlife resources of Kentucky and covers a broad range of outdoor topics, including angling, hunting, conservation and land management.
• Kentucky Collectibles, a series where participants have their possessions assessed by an appraiser, with hosts Dave Shuffett and Amy Hess discuss with the guests about the valuables.^[28]
• Kentucky Life features profiles of people, places and ideas of Kentucky. It is the most popular show on KET.^[29]
• Louisville Life features events, people, and culture of Louisville.^[30]
• WoodSongs, a show devoted to performances of grassroots music

Former programming[edit]

In 1987, KET, along with Detroit, Michigan ABC affiliate WXYZ-TV, produced Learn to Read, an adult educational program that teaches reading skills and it was hosted by entrepreneur and literacy advocate Wally Amos. Amos was also the host of another KET-produced adult literacy program, Another Page.

Prior to 2002, KET went off the air every night at midnight E.T. (11 p.m. CT). The network used to sign off with the playing of "My Old Kentucky Home", which is the official state song of Kentucky. The film featured scenes from all areas of Kentucky, including Fort Boonesborough, the Jefferson Davis Monument, the Lincoln Birthplace, Kentucky Horse Park, and more.^[31]

Stations[edit]

KET[edit]

KET, available to all cable subscribers in Kentucky,^[32][33] broadcasts locally produced cultural and public information programs about the state, programs produced by independent Kentucky filmmakers, prime time programming from PBS, PBS Kids series, and GED, how-to and adult education programs.^[34]

As it is one of a few PBS member state networks^[1] encompassing two time zones, KET's programming operates on an Eastern Time Zone schedule; in promos, online guides on the network's website and print advertisements, airtimes within the Central Time Zone (which covers the western part of the state) are identified secondarily, in the manner of the "Eastern/Central" scheduling references used by many national broadcast and cable networks. Most of the KET stations have callsigns beginning with "WK", with the exception of Covington-licensed WCVN-TV.

Coverage areas[edit]

Louisville's WKPC and WKMJ are the only KET stations whose transmitters are located outside of Kentucky – both stations' transmitters are located at the Kentuckiana Tower Farm in rural Floyd County, Indiana (north of Floyds Knobs and New Albany). Because of its location and signal strength (according to FCC data), WKPC and WKMJ cover more of the Indiana side of the Louisville market than the Kentucky side. In addition to the reach of WKPC and WKMJ, several of KET's other stations are viewed in significant portions of Kentucky's neighboring states as well.

Translators[edit]

KET also operates three translator stations:^[55]

Former translators[edit]

KET also previously utilized analog transmitters that were shut down before the digital TV translation. They were:

In Augusta, W20CT-D was launched in October 2007 as the companion for W56AT. W28DD-D was the digital companion for W10AR in Louisa. Falmouth's W23DM-D was the digital companion for W56AM.^[57]

KET2[edit]

KET2, based on KET's original Louisville station, WKMJ-TV, airs the national PBS schedule, local programming including shows focused on the Louisville area, children's programs, how-to series, documentaries and public affairs programs.^[1] Outside of Louisville, KET2 can be seen on several cable systems across Kentucky as well as on KET's digital signals. It is broadcast in standard definition and is available to 62% of Kentucky's cable subscribers.^[33] Originally, WKMJ-TV was the KET translator serving the Louisville market alongside of the independent WKPC-TV; it carried the same programs as in the rest of the state. In 2020, KET2's over-the-air signal was upgraded to 720p HD to match the main KET feed.

KET KY: The Kentucky Channel[edit]

KET KY, formerly branded as KET3, which is carried as the third digital subchannel on 15 of the KET stations and on WKMJ-DT2, formerly broadcast all of the state network's educational programming throughout its broadcast day. In January 2008, KET3 was relaunched as KET KY, now broadcasting Kentucky-based issues, heritage, history and culture.^[1] The network's educational programming was moved to KET ED in late 2007.

KET KY also broadcasts coverage of the Kentucky General Assembly while it is in session, combining the services previously offered on KET5 and KET6. KET KY presently broadcasts 24 hours a day in standard definition.^[33] KET KY also previously broadcast KET HD programming from 8 p.m. to 12 midnight Eastern (7-11 p.m. Central) until Fall 2009.

In 2020, the KETKY over-the-air feed was upgraded to 16:9 widescreen SD from standard 4:3 SD.

KET Kids[edit]

On December 12, 2016, the fourth subchannel of KET's main satellites were relaunched for the first time since the discontinuation of KET ED, the Educational Channel seven years prior. It was first broadcasting a test pattern. Since January 12, 2017, the DT4 subchannel of all of the KET stations except WKMJ now carries the new 24-hour-a-day PBS Kids channel, with the branding KET Kids. It provides a 24/7 schedule of children's programming. However, both KET and KET2 continue to provide a limited block of PBS Kids programming.^[62] It became available to Kentucky's cable providers in March 2017.^[63]

In 2020, the KET Kids over-the-air feed was upgraded to 16:9 widescreen SD from standard 4:3 SD.

KET World[edit]

KET World features programs about world history, featuring programming content sourced from the World network; it is currently available only on the third digital subchannel of KET's secondary Louisville station WKMJ-TV.

Discontinued services[edit]

KET ED: Education Channel[edit]

KET ED (formerly branded as "KET4"), formerly offered KET's digital service during primetime hours and programming from the Annenberg Channel at other times. At one time, this service was carried on the fourth digital subchannel of KET's station. From 2007 to 2009, it was re-branded as KET ED, the Education Channel. During that time, professional development and instructional programming, and Annenberg programming was provided 20 hours per day from 12 midnight to 8 p.m. Eastern time (11 p.m. to 7 p.m. Central time), which was previously on KET3 and on Star Channels 703 and 704. In Louisville, this service was also available 24 hours a day on WKMJ's DT3 digital signal, but has since been discontinued in 2009, due to an increase of fees for the usage of the national PBSHD channel by PBS. Instead, KET reinvested the money to acquire new digital equipment, including upgrades to allow the transmission of locally produced and tape delayed programming in high definition. This increase of PBSHD fees has also led to KET scheduling HD programming themselves, rather than merely carrying the national feed on the KET KY channel.

Beginning in the fall of 2009, KET ED provided a feed of K-12 educational programming on KET KY from 1:00 to 5:00 a.m. Eastern Time.^[33] The KET ED programming block on KET KY was ultimately discontinued in the early 2010s, but the KET ED service remains available as an on-demand video service on KET's website.

KET5 and KET6[edit]

KET5 and KET6 featured live coverage of the Kentucky House of Representatives and Senate respectively on the services, while the state General Assembly was in session. These channels were discontinued in January 2008, when KET realigned its digital programming (see KET KY and KET ED above). As mentioned above, coverage of the General Assembly, while reduced significantly, is still carried on KET KY. In the state capital of Frankfort, however, both the Kentucky House and Senate are seen when in session on local cable provider Frankfort Plant Board, overlapping the slots of C-SPAN3 and NASA TV.^[64][65]

Cable and satellite availability[edit]

In addition to KET's statewide cable television availability, some cable providers along state lines can cover certain areas on both sides of the state lines because of their interstate customer base.

On DirecTV and Dish Network, certain KET stations are also available in the Kentucky-associated media markets in their entireties. WKPD, WKOH, WKPC, WCVN, and WKAS are carried on the respective local feeds in the Paducah/Cape Girardeau, Evansville, Louisville, Cincinnati, and Huntington/Charleston markets. KET2, through WKMJ-TV, is currently available on both satellite providers in the Louisville market only. Currently, in the Bowling Green market, only Dish Network carries the network via WKGB as DirecTV does not provide local channels to that market.^[32]

Transmitter map[edit]

Louisville

Lexington

Cincinnati

Huntington

Nashville

Evansville

Bowling Green

Knoxville

Cape Girardeau

WCVN

W20CT-D

W23DM-D

WKON

WKAS

WKPC/WKMJ

WKMR

W28DD-D

WKLE

WKOH

WKZT

WKPI

WKHA

WKMA

WKSO

WKPD

WKGB

WKMU

Map of all of KET's satellites in Kentucky

Digital television[edit]

Digital channels[edit]

The digital channels of most of KET's stations are multiplexed:

WKMJ's digital channel uses a different multiplexed lineup from the other fifteen KET stations:

Analog-to-digital conversion[edit]

Although the DTV Delay Act extended the mandatory deadline from February 17 to June 12, 2009, KET shut down the analog signals of all 16 Stations on April 16, 2009.^[82][83][84]

Each stations' post-transition digital allocations are as follows:

• WKAS shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 25; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 26. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 25.
• WKGB-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 53; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 48. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 53, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition.
• WCVN-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 54; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 24. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 54.
• WKHA shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 35; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 16. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 35.
• WKMU shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 21; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 36. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 21.
• WKOH shut down its analog signal over UHF channel 31; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 30. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 31.
• WKON shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 52; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 44. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 52.
• WKPC-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 15; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 17. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 15.
• WKPD shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 29; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 41. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 29.
• WKPI-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 22; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 24. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 22.
• WKSO-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 29; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 14. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 29.
• WKLE shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 46; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 42. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 46.
• WKMR shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 38; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 15. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 38.
• WKMA shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 35; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 42. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 35.
• WKZT-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 23; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 43. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 23.
• WKMJ-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 68; the station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 38. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 68.

KET began broadcasting in high definition from its new high definition production facility in Lexington on October 1, 2009.^[84]

On January 29, 2014, the United States Department of Agriculture awarded KET a grant worth $357,700, as part of its Public Television Digital Transition Grant program, to upgrade 20 analog microwave relays for WKSO, WKMR, WKHA and WKPI to digital, in order to provide digital television service to rural areas of Kentucky.^[85]

Distance learning[edit]

KET, among its many educational programs, runs a Distance Learning program. The program features Latin, Humanities, Physics and German language course offerings and offers leveled courses ranging from introductory to advanced placement classes. It's offered primarily for Kentucky high school students for whom it's offered tuition-free. However, out-of-state schools may enroll students in the course for a small tuition fee.

The aim of the program is to provide a full course in the aforementioned subjects for schools who don't offer a particular class. Often schools seek distance learning as a temporary solution in cases of funding cuts, which lead to dismissal of teachers or discontinuation of the teaching of certain subjects altogether. The program also is popular with parents of home-schooled children.

The program was established in 1989; the direct-to-school model became possible after a substantial expansion of the state network's headquarters (now dubbed "The O. Leonard Press Telecommunications Center") and legislative funding to provide a satellite receiver for every school and public library in the state. The course was originally administered and taught via live satellite broadcasts directly into classrooms with two-way keypads for real-time student-teacher interaction. Homework, tests, quizzes and other material were distributed by modem and mail.^[19]

Since the mid-1990s, KET's Distance Learning program has migrated from broadcast lessons to instruction via KET's website and multimedia lessons on videotape, CD and DVD.

Funding[edit]

In 2017, it was reported that KET receives approximately $3.4 million annually from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which amounts to about $0.78 per Kentuckian.^[86] Other sources of funding outside of grants include those raised by the Friends of KET (established in 1971), the KET Fund for Excellence (since 1981) and the Commonwealth Fund for KET (since 1995), as well as their annual Telethons, which typically airs in late February/early March since 1974.

KET slogans[edit]

• Where the Vision Continues (1988, used in honor of KET's 20th anniversary)^[56]
• Bringing Kentucky Together (1989–early 1990s)^[87]
• Simply The Best! (late 1990s–early 2000s)
• Explore Kentucky, Explore the World (2007–2016)
• Where Learning Comes to Life (2016–present)

Bibliography[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Official website
• KET Distance Learning official website
• “Totally Radical Teenage Videos,” The Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection at the University of Georgia, KET - Kentucky Educational Television, American Archive of Public Broadcasting