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List of years in science(table)

The year 1882 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy[edit]

  • September – Great Comet of 1882 sighted.[1]
  • December 6 – Transit of Venus, 1882.
Great Comet as seen from Cape Town by David Gill

Biology[edit]

  • March 24 – Robert Koch announces his discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Élie Metchnikoff discovers phagocytosis.[2]

Chemistry[edit]

  • Italian physicist Luigi Palmieri detects helium on Earth for the first time through its D3 spectral line when he analyzes the lava of Mount Vesuvius.[3]

Earth sciences[edit]

  • Clarence Dutton's Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District is published by the United States Geological Survey.

Mathematics[edit]

  • June – German mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes proof that π is a transcendental number and that squaring the circle is consequently impossible.[4][5]
  • December – Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler establishes the journal Acta Mathematica.
  • Felix Klein first describes the Klein bottle.

Medicine[edit]

  • March 28 – Paul Beiersdorf patents an adhesive bandage in Germany, the foundation of the Beiersdorf company.
  • Vladimir Bekhterev publishes Provodiashchie puti mozga ("The Conduction Paths in the Brain and Spinal Cord"), beginning to note the role of the hippocampus in memory.

Technology[edit]

  • January 12 – Holborn Viaduct power station in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.[6]
  • By March – Étienne-Jules Marey invents a chronophotographic gun capable of photographing 12 consecutive frames per second on the same plate.
  • April 29 – Werner von Siemens demonstrates his Electromote, the first form of trolleybus, in Berlin.
  • June 6 – Henry W. Seeley patents the electric clothes iron in the United States.[7]
  • September 4 – Thomas Edison starts the United States' first commercial electrical power plant, lighting one square mile of lower Manhattan.
  • English mechanical engineer James Atkinson invents his "Differential Engine".
  • American electrical engineer Schuyler Wheeler produces an electric fan.
  • Alfred P. Southwick publishes his proposals for use of the electric chair as an execution method in the United States.

Events[edit]

  • First International Polar Year, an international scientific program, begins.
  • The Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys, is founded in the United Kingdom.

Awards[edit]

  • Copley Medal: Arthur Cayley[8]
  • Wollaston Medal for Geology: Franz Ritter von Hauer

Births[edit]

  • March 14 – Wacław Sierpiński (died 1969), Polish mathematician.
  • March 23 – Emmy Noether (died 1935), German mathematician.
  • March 30 – Melanie Klein (died 1960), Viennese-born psychoanalyst.
  • June 17 – Harold Gillies (died 1960), New Zealand-born plastic surgeon.
  • July 12 – Traian Lalescu (died 1929), Romanian mathematician.
  • July 21 – Herbert E. Ives (died 1953), American optical engineer.
  • September 30 – Hans Geiger (died 1945), German inventor of the Geiger counter.
  • October 5 – Robert Goddard (died 1945), American rocket scientist.
  • October 26 – Marietta Pallis (died 1963), Indian-born Graeco-British ecologist.
  • November 18 – Frances Gertrude McGill (died 1959), pioneering Canadian forensic pathologist.
  • December 11 – Max Born (died 1970), German physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1954.
  • December 28 – Arthur Eddington (died 1944), English astrophysicist.
  • Israel Aharoni (died 1946), Belarusian-born Jewish zoologist.

Deaths[edit]

  • January 11 – Theodor Schwann (born 1810), German physiologist.
  • April 19 – Charles Darwin (born 1809), English naturalist and geologist.
  • August 24 – John Dillwyn Llewelyn (born 1810), Welsh botanist and photographer.
  • September 23 – Friedrich Wöhler (born 1800), German chemist.
  • October 27 – Christian Heinrich von Nagel (born 1803), German geometer.
  • November 20 – Henry Draper (born 1837), doctor, American astronomer.
  • December 24
    • Johann Benedict Listing (born 1808), German mathematician.
    • Charles Vincent Walker (born 1812), English telegraph engineer.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Plummer, William Edward (March 1889). "The great comet of September 1882". The Observatory. 12: 140–142. Bibcode:1889Obs....12..140P.
  2. ^ Petrunkevitch, Alexander (1920). "Russia's Contribution to Science". Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 23: 239.
  3. ^ Stewart, Alfred Walter (2008). Recent Advances in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 201. ISBN 978-0-554-80513-9.
  4. ^ Lindemann, F. (1882). "Über die Zahl π". Mathematische Annalen. 20: 213–225. doi:10.1007/BF01446522.
  5. ^ Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. pp. 21, 81. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
  6. ^ Harris, Jack (1982-01-14). "The electricity of Holborn". New Scientist. London.
  7. ^ Patent no. 259,054. "Household Amenities and Appliances: Timeline of Their Arrival". PartSelect. Retrieved 2012-01-25. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  8. ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)