Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин, в следующем списке описаны разные длины между метрами и метрами.
Субатомный масштаб
Фактор ( м )
Несколько
Ценить
Элемент
0
0
0
Сингулярность
10 −35
1 планковская длина
0.0000000000162 мкм
Планковская длина ; типичный масштаб гипотетической петлевой квантовой гравитации или размер гипотетической струны и бран ; согласно теории струн, длина меньше этой не имеет никакого физического смысла. [1] Считается, что на этом уровне существует квантовая пена .
10 −24
1 йоктометр ( мкм )
142 мкм
Эффективный радиус сечения нейтрино с энергией 1 МэВ [2]
10 −21
1 зептометр ( мкм )
Преоны , гипотетические частицы, предложенные как субкомпоненты кварков и лептонов; верхняя оценка ширины космической струны в теории струн
7 мкм
Эффективный радиус сечения нейтрино высоких энергий [3]
310 мкм
Де Бройль длина волна из протонов на Большом адронном коллайдере (4 Т по состоянию на 2012 [update])
10 −18
1 аттометр ( am )
Верхний предел размера кварков и электронов
Чувствительность детектора LIGO для гравитационных волн [4]
Верхняя граница типичного диапазона размеров «фундаментальных струн » [1]
10 −17
10 часов утра
Диапазон слабой силы
10 −16
100 утра
850 утра
Приблизительный радиус протона [5]
От атомного до клеточного масштаба
Фактор ( м )
Несколько
Ценить
Элемент
10 −15
1 фемтометр ( фм , ферми)
1 фм
Приближенный предел опосредованной глюоном цветовой силы между кварками [6] [7]
1,5 фм
Эффективный радиус сечения протона с энергией 11 МэВ [8]
2,81794 фм
Классический радиус электрона [9]
3 фм
Приблизительный предел мезона -опосредованного ядерной силы связывания [6] [7]
От 1,75 до 15 фм
Диапазон диаметров атомного ядра [1] [10]
10 −12
1 пикометр ( пм )
От 0,75 до 0,8225 пм
Наибольшая длина волны от гамма - лучей
13:00
Расстояние между атомными ядрами в белом карлике
2.4 вечера
Комптоновская длина волны от электрона
5 вечера
Длина волны самого короткого рентгеновского излучения
10 −11
10 вечера
28 часов вечера
Радиус атома гелия
53 вечера
Радиус Бора (радиус атома водорода )
10 −10
100 вечера
100 вечера
1 Ангстрем (также ковалентная радиус от серы атома [11] )
154 вечера
Длина типичной ковалентной связи ( C – C)
280 вечера
Средний размер молекулы воды (фактическая длина может отличаться)
500 вечера
Ширина спирали белка α
10 −9
1 нанометр ( нм )
1 нм
Диаметр углеродной нанотрубки [12] Диаметр наименьшего затвора транзистора (по состоянию на 2016 год) [13]
2 нм
Диаметр спирали ДНК [14]
2,5 нм
Самый маленький микропроцессор транзистор затвора толщина оксида (по состоянию на январь 2007 [update]) [ править ]
3,4 нм
Длина витка ДНК (10 п.н. ) [15]
6–10 нм
Толщина клеточной мембраны
10 −8
10 нм
10 нм
Толщина стенки клеток в Грама -отрицательные бактерий [ править ]
10 нм
По состоянию 2016 [update]года 10 нанометров был самым маленьким изготовления полупроводникового узла [16]
40 нм
Экстремальная длина волны ультрафиолета
50 нм
Высота полета на голове из более жесткого диска [17]
10 −7
100 нм
121,6 нм
Длина волны линии Лайман-альфа [18]
120 нм
Типичный диаметр вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) [19]
400–700 нм
Примерный диапазон длин волн видимого света [20]
От сотового до человеческого масштаба
Фактор ( м )
Несколько
Ценить
Элемент
10 −6
1 микрометр ( мкм )
(также называется 1 микрон)
1–4 мкм
Типичная длина бактерии [21]
4 мкм
Типичный диаметр паучьего шелка [22]
7 мкм
Типичный размер эритроцита [23]
10 −5
10 мкм
10 мкм
Типичный размер тумана, тумана или капли воды в облаке
10 мкм
Ширина транзисторов в Intel 4004 , первом в мире коммерческом микропроцессоре
12 мкм
Ширина акрилового волокна
17-181 мкм
Диапазон ширины человеческого волоса [24]
10 −4
100 мкм
340 мкм
Размер пикселя на 17-дюймовом мониторе с разрешением 1024 × 768
560 мкм
Толщина центральной области роговицы человека [25]
750 мкм
Максимальный диаметр Thiomargarita namibiensis , крупнейшей из когда-либо обнаруженных бактерий (по состоянию на 2010 г. [update])
10 −3
1 миллиметр ( мм )
~ 5 мм
Длина средней блохи составляет 1–10 мм (обычно <5 мм) [26]
2,54 мм
1/10 дюйма; расстояние между контактами в электронных компонентах DIP (dual-inline-package)
5,70 мм
Диаметр снаряда в боеприпасе 5.56 × 45 мм НАТО
10 -2
1 сантиметр ( см )
20 мм
Примерная ширина пальца взрослого человека
54 мм × 86 мм
Габаритные размеры кредитной карты , в соответствии с ИСО / МЭК 7810 ID-1 стандарт
73–75 мм
Диаметр бейсбольного мяча в соответствии с руководящими принципами Высшей бейсбольной лиги [27]
10 -1
1 дециметр ( дм )
120 мм
Диаметр компакт-диска
660 мм
Длина самых длинных сосновых шишек, производимых сахарной сосной [28]
900 мм
Средняя длина рапиры , фехтовального меча [29]
Человек в астрономическом масштабе
Фактор ( м )
Несколько
Ценить
Элемент
1 метр
1 метр ( м )
1 м (ровно)
С 1983 года определяется как длина пути, пройденного светом в вакууме за промежуток времени 1/299 792 458 секунды . См. Предыдущие определения в истории счетчика .
2,72 м
Рост Роберта Уодлоу , самого высокого из известных людей. [30]
8,38 м
Длина лондонского автобуса ( AEC Routemaster )
10 1
1 декаметр ( плотина )
33 кв.м.
Длина самого длинного известного синего кита [31]
52 кв.м.
Высота Ниагарского водопада [32]
93,47 м
Высота Статуи Свободы
10 2
1 гектометр ( hm )
105 кв.м.
Длина типичного футбольного поля
137 м (147 м)
Высота (настоящая и оригинальная) Великой пирамиды в Гизе
300 м
Высота Эйфелевой башни , одного из самых известных памятников Парижа.
979 кв.м.
Высота Сальто-Ангела , самого высокого в мире водопада со свободным падением ( Венесуэла )
10 3
1 километр ( км )
2.3 км
Длина плотины Трех ущелий , самой большой плотины в мире [33] [34]
3.1 км
Наименьшая ширина Мессинского пролива , разделяющего Италию и Сицилию
8.848 км
Высота Эвереста , самой высокой горы на Земле
10 4
10 км
10.9 км
Глубина Челленджера в Марианской впадине , самой глубокой известной точке на поверхности Земли.
27 км
Окружность Большого адронного коллайдера , [update]крупнейшего ускорителя частиц с самой высокой энергией по состоянию на май 2010 г.
42.195 км
Длина марафона
10 5
100 км
100 км
Расстояние, которое IAU считает пределом пространства , называется линией Кармана.
163 км
Длина Суэцкого канала , соединяющего Средиземное море с Красным морем.
491 км
Длина Пиренеев , горного хребта, разделяющего Испанию и Францию.
974.6 км
Наибольший диаметр карликовой планеты Церера . [35]
10 6
1 мегаметр ( мм )
2.38 мм
Диаметр карликовой планеты Плутон , ранее являвшейся самой маленькой планетой из категории [примечание 2] в Солнечной системе.
3,48 мм
Диаметр Луны
5,2 мм
Типичная дистанция, пройденная победителем гонки на выносливость « 24 часа Ле-Мана»
6.4 мм
Длина Великой Китайской стены
6,6 мм
Примерная длина двух самых длинных рек - Нила и Амазонки.
7,821 мм
Длина Трансканадского шоссе
9.288 мм
Протяженность Транссибирской магистрали , самой длинной в мире
Астрономическая шкала
Фактор ( м )
Несколько
Ценить
Элемент
10 7
10 мм
12.756 мм
Экваториальный диаметр Земли
40.075 мм
Длина экватора Земли
10 8
100 мм
142.984 мм
Диаметр Юпитера
299.792 мм
Расстояние, проходимое светом в вакууме за одну секунду
384,4 мм
Орбитальное расстояние Луны от Земли
10 9
1 гигаметр ( Гм )
1,39 г
Диаметр Солнца
5,15 г
Самый большой пробег, когда-либо зарегистрированный автомобилем (3,2 миллиона миль у Volvo P-1800S 1966 года ) [36]
10 10
10 г
18 г
Приблизительно одна световая минута
10 11
100 г
150 г
1 астрономическая единица (а.е.); среднее расстояние между Землей и Солнцем
10 12
1 тераметр (Тм)
1,3 тм
Оптический диаметр Бетельгейзе
1,4 тм
Орбитальное расстояние Сатурна от Солнца
2 тм
Предполагаемый оптический диаметр VY Canis Majoris , одной из крупнейших известных звезд.
5,9 мкм
Орбитальное расстояние Плутона от Солнца
~ 7,5 мкм
Внешняя граница пояса Койпера
10 13
10 тм
Диаметр Солнечной системы в целом [1]
21,49 тм
Расстояние космического корабля " Вояджер-1" от Солнца (по состоянию на октябрь 2018 г. [update]), самого далекого искусственного объекта на данный момент [37]
62,03 тм
Предполагаемый радиус горизонта событий от сверхмассивной черной дыры в NGC 4889 , самая большая известная черная дыра на сегодняшний день
10 14
100 тм
180 тм
Размер диска обломков вокруг звезды 51 Пегаса [38]
200 тм
Общая длина молекул ДНК во всех клетках тела взрослого человека [ необходима цитата ]
10 15
1 петаметр ( мкм )
~ 7,5 вечера
Предполагаемая внешняя граница облака Оорта (~ 50 000 а.е.)
9,461 вечера
Расстояние, пройденное светом в вакууме за один год; при нынешней скорости " Вояджеру-1" потребуется 17 500 лет, чтобы преодолеть это расстояние.
10 16
10 вечера
30,857 вечера
1 парсек
39.9 вечера
Расстояние до ближайшей звезды ( Проксима Центавра )
41,3 вечера
По состоянию на март 2013 г. расстояние до ближайшей обнаруженной внесолнечной планеты ( Альфа Центавра до н.э. )
10 17
100 вечера
193 вечера
По состоянию на октябрь 2010 года расстояние до ближайшей обнаруженной внесолнечной планеты, способной поддерживать жизнь в том виде, в каком мы ее знаем ( Gliese 581 d )
615 вечера
Приблизительный радиус радиопузыря человечества, вызванного утечкой мощных телепередач через атмосферу в космическое пространство.
10 18
1 экзамен (Em)
1,9 см
Расстояние до ближайшего солнечного двойника ( HIP 56948 ), звезды со свойствами, практически идентичными нашему Солнцу [39]
10 19
10 Эм
9,46 см
Средняя толщина галактики Млечный Путь [40] (от 1000 до 3000 св. Лет на 21 см наблюдений [41] )
10 20
100 Эм
113,5 см
Толщина газового диска Галактики Млечный Путь [42]
10 21
1 зеттаметр ( мкм )
1.54 мкм
Расстояние до SN 1987A , самой последней сверхновой, появившейся невооруженным глазом.
1.62 мкм
Расстояние до Большого Магелланова Облака (а карликовая галактика на орбиту в Млечном Пути )
1,66 мкм
Расстояние до Малого Магелланова Облака (еще одна карликовая галактика, вращающаяся вокруг Млечного Пути)
1.9 мкм
Диаметр галактического диска Галактики Млечный Путь [43] [44] [45] [46]
Радиус диффузного звездного гало IC 1101 , одной из крупнейших известных галактик.
24 мкм
Расстояние до Галактики Андромеды
30.857 мкм
1 мегапарсек
50 мкм
Диаметр Местной группы из галактик
10 23
100 мкм
300–600 мкм
Расстояние до Деве кластера из галактик
10 24
1 йоттаметр (Ym)
2,19 мкм
Диаметр Местного сверхскопления и крупнейшие пустоты и волокна.
2,8 мкм
Конец величия
~ 5 мкм
Диаметр сверхскопления Horologium [47]
9,461 мкм
Диаметр комплекса сверхскопления Рыбы – Кита, комплекса сверхскопления, в котором мы живем.
10 25
10 мкм
13 мкм
Длина Великой стены Слоуна , гигантской стены галактик ( галактическая нить ) [48]
30,857 мкм
1 гигапарсек
37,84 мкм
Длина Huge-LQG , группа из 73 квазаров
10 26
100 мкм
95 мкм
Расчетное расстояние света до определенных квазаров . Длина Великой Китайской стены Геркулеса и Северной короны , колоссальной стены галактик, самой большой и самой массивной структуры в наблюдаемой Вселенной по состоянию на 2014 год.
127 мкм
Расчетное расстояние света до GN-z11 , самого далекого из когда-либо наблюдавшихся объектов
870 мкм
Приблизительный диаметр ( сопутствующее расстояние ) видимой Вселенной [1]
10 27
1000 мкм
1200 мкм
Нижняя граница (возможно бесконечного) радиуса Вселенной, если это 3-сфера , согласно одной оценке, использующей данные WMAP с достоверностью 95% [49]. Это эквивалентно подразумевает, что существует как минимум 21 объем частиц размером с горизонт. во вселенной.
[заметка 3]
Ym
Ym
Согласно законам вероятности, расстояние, которое нужно пройти, пока не встретишь объем пространства, идентичный нашей наблюдаемой Вселенной, с условиями, идентичными нашим собственным. [50] [51]
Ym
Ym
Максимальный размер Вселенной после космологической инфляции , подразумеваемый одной резолюцией Предложения без границ [52]
Менее 1 зептометра
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины короче 10 −21 м (10 мкм).
1,6 × 10 −11 йоктометров (1,6 × 10 −35 метров) - планковская длина (в соответствии с текущими физическими теориями измерения расстояния короче этого не имеют физического смысла ).
1 мкм - 1 йоктометр, наименьшее поименованное деление метра в базовой единице длины СИ , одна септиллионная часть метра.
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 −21 м до 10 −20 м (от 1 до 10 мкм).
2 zm - верхняя граница ширины космической струны в теории струн. [ необходима цитата ]
2 мкм - радиус эффективного сечения для 20 ГэВ нейтрино рассеяние на на нуклон [ править ]
7 zm - радиус эффективного сечения рассеяния нейтрино с энергией 250 ГэВ на нуклоне [ необходима цитата ]
10 зептометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить различные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины между 10 -20 м и 10 -19 м (10 ZM и 100 ZM).
100 зептометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10-19 м до 10-18 м (от 100 мкм до 1 часа ночи ).
177 гт - длина волны де Бройля из протонов на Большом адронном коллайдере (7 ТэВ по состоянию на 2010) [ править ]
1 аттометр
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -18 м до 10 -17 м (с 1 до 10 часов утра).
1 час ночи - чувствительность детектора LIGO к гравитационным волнам [ необходима ссылка ]
1 час ночи - верхний предел размера кварков и электронов [ необходима цитата ]
10 аттометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -17 м до 10 -16 м (с 10 до 100 часов).
10 утра - диапазон слабой силы [ необходима цитата ]
100 аттометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -16 м до 10 -15 м (от 100 до 1 фм ).
100 утра - все длины короче этого расстояния не подтверждены с точки зрения размера [ необходима ссылка ]
850 am - приблизительный радиус протона [ необходима цитата ]
1 фемтометр
Femtometre (символ фм ) представляет собой блок из длины в метрической системе , равная 10 -15 метров . В физике элементарных частиц эту единицу чаще называют ферми , также с сокращением «fm». Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -15 метров до 10 -14 метров (1 фемтометр и 10 фм).
1 фм - диаметр нейтрона , примерный диапазон-предел цветовой силы осуществляется между кварками с помощью глюонов [6] [7]
1,5 фм - диаметр поперечного сечения рассеяния протона с энергией 11 МэВ на протоне- мишени [ необходима ссылка ]
3 фм - приблизительный предел действия ядерной связывающей силы, опосредованной мезонами [6] [7]
7 фм - радиус эффективного сечения рассеяния для ядра золота, рассеивающего альфа-частицу с энергией 6 МэВ на 140 градусов [ необходима цитата ]
10 фемтометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить различные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины между 10 -14 м и 10 -13 м (10 фма и 100 FM).
От 1,75 до 15 фм - диапазон диаметров атомного ядра [ необходима ссылка ]
100 фемтометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -13 м до 10 -12 м (от 100 фм до 1 пм ).
570 фм - типичное расстояние от ядра атома до двух самых внутренних электронов (электронов в оболочке 1s ) в атоме урана , самом тяжелом атоме, встречающемся в природе.
1 пикометр
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин, в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -12 до 10 -11 м (с 13 до 22 часов).
13:00 - расстояние между атомными ядрами в белом карлике [ необходима ссылка ]
13:00 - эталонное значение смещения частиц в акустике [54]
2:04 вечера - The комптоновская длина волны от электрона
17:00 - более короткие длины волн рентгеновского излучения (прибл.)
10 пикометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин, в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -11 до 10 -10 м (с 22 до 100 вечера).
150 пм - Длина типичной ковалентной связи ( C – C)
153 пм - ковалентный радиус атома серебра
155 пм - ковалентный радиус атома циркония
175 пм - ковалентный радиус атома тулия
200 пм - самое высокое разрешение типичного электронного микроскопа
225 пм - ковалентный радиус атома цезия
280 пм - Средний размер молекулы воды
298 пм - радиус атома цезия , рассчитанный как наибольший атомный радиус (кроме, возможно, франция)
340 пм - толщина однослойного графена
356.68 пм - ширина элементарной ячейки алмаза
403 пм - ширина элементарной ячейки фторида лития
500 пм - Ширина спирали белка α
543 пм - шаг решетки кремния
560 пм - ширина элементарной ячейки хлорида натрия
700 пм - ширина молекулы глюкозы
700 пм - диаметр бакибола [55]
780 пм - средняя ширина элементарной ячейки кварца
820 пм - средняя ширина элементарной ячейки льда
900 пм - средняя ширина элементарной ячейки коэсита
1 нанометр
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -9 до 10-8 м (от 1 нм до 10 нм).
1 нм - диаметр углеродной нанотрубки
1 нм - примерно длина молекулы сахарозы , рассчитанная Альбертом Эйнштейном.
2.3 нм - длина фосфолипида
2,3 нм - наименьшая толщина оксида затвора в микропроцессорах
3 нм - ширина спирали ДНК
3 нм - высота полета в голове о наличии жесткого диска
3 нм - по состоянию на 2019 год [update], средний полушаг ячейки памяти, производство которого ожидается примерно в 2022 году.
3,4 нм - длина витка ДНК (10 пн )
3,8 нм - размер молекулы альбумина
5 нм - размер длины затвора процессора 16 нм
5 нм - по состоянию на октябрь 2018 [update]г. средний полшаг ячейки памяти, производство которого ожидается примерно в 2019–2020 гг.
6 нм - длина фосфолипидного бислоя
6–10 нм - толщина клеточной мембраны
6,8 нм - ширина молекулы гемоглобина
7 нм - диаметр актиновых филаментов
7 нм - средний полушаг ячейки памяти, произведенной примерно в 2018 году.
10 нм - толщина стенки клеток в Грама -отрицательные бактерий
10 нанометров
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин, в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10-8 до 10-7 м (от 10 до 100 нм).
10 нм - средняя длина нанопроволоки
10 нм - меньший размер табачного дыма [56]
10 нм - среднем половину шага ячейки памяти , изготовленной около 2016 - 2017
13 нм - длина волны, которая используется для EUV литографии
14 нм - длина цирковируса свиней
14 нм - средний полушаг ячейки памяти, произведенной примерно в 2013 г.
15 нм - длина антитела
18 нм - диаметр вируса табачной мозаики [57] (обычно вирусы имеют размер от 20 нм до 450 нм) [ необходима ссылка ]
20 нм - длина наноби , может быть одной из самых маленьких форм жизни.
20–80 нм - толщина клеточной стенки у грамположительных бактерий [58]
20 нм - толщина жгутика бактерий
22 нм - средний полушаг ячейки памяти, изготовленной примерно в 2011–2012 гг.
22 нм - наименьший размер серийных микропроцессоров в сентябре 2009 г. [59]
25 нм - диаметр микротрубочки
30 нм - меньший размер дыма кулинарного масла
32 нм - средний полушаг ячейки памяти, изготовленной примерно в 2009–2010 гг.
40 нм - крайняя длина волны ультрафиолета
45 нм - средний полушаг ячейки памяти, изготовленной примерно в 2007–2008 гг.
50 нм - верхний размер вирусных частиц, переносимых по воздуху
50 нм - высота полета в голове о наличии жесткого диска [60]
65 нм - средний полушаг ячейки памяти, произведенной примерно в 2005–2006 гг.
58 нм - высота бактериофага Т7
90 нм - вирус иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) (обычно вирусы имеют размер от 20 нм до 450 нм)
90 нм - средний полушаг ячейки памяти, произведенной примерно в 2002–2003 гг.
100 нм - длина мезопористой наночастицы кремнезема
100 нанометров
Сравнение размеров узлов процесса изготовления полупроводников с некоторыми микроскопическими объектами и длинами волн видимого света. В этом масштабе ширина человеческого волоса примерно в 10 раз больше ширины изображения. [61]
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10-7 до 10-6 м (от 100 нм до 1 мкм ).
100 нм - наибольший размер частиц, которые могут пройти через хирургическую маску [62]
100 нм - 90% частиц в древесном дыме меньше этого размера. [ необходима цитата ]
120 нм - наибольший размер частиц, который может пройти через фильтр ULPA [ необходима ссылка ]
120 нм - диаметр вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) [63]
120 нм - приблизительный диаметр SARS-CoV-2 [64]
125 нм - стандартная глубина ямок на компакт-дисках (ширина: 500 нм, длина: от 850 нм до 3,5 мкм)
180 нм - типичная длина вируса бешенства
200 нм - типичный размер бактерии Mycoplasma среди мельчайших бактерий
300–400 нм - ближняя ультрафиолетовая длина волны
300 нм - наибольший размер частиц, которые могут пройти через фильтр HEPA (высокоэффективный воздух для твердых частиц) (N100 удаляет до 99,97% при 0,3 микрометрах, N95 удаляет до 95% при 0,3 микрометрах) [ необходима ссылка ]
400–420 нм - длина волны фиолетового света (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
420–440 нм - длина волны света индиго (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
440–500 нм - длина волны синего света (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
500–520 нм - длина волны голубого света (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
520–565 нм - длина волны зеленого света (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
565–590 нм - длина волны желтого света (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
590–625 нм - длина волны оранжевого света (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
625–700 нм - длина волны красного света (см. Цвет и видимый спектр )
700–1,4 мкм - длина волны ближнего инфракрасного излучения
1 микрометр
Ширина шелка паутины составляет около 5–7 мкм (0,00020–0,00028 дюйма).
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены некоторые элементы длиной от 10 -6 до 10 -5 м (от 1 до 10 микрометров или мкм).
~ 0,7–300 мкм - длина волны инфракрасного излучения
50 мкм - типичная длина клетки печени человека, клетки тела среднего размера [ необходима цитата ]
50 мкм - длина частицы ила
60 мкм - длина сперматозоида
От 70 до 180 мкм - толщина бумаги
100 микрометров
Парамеций составляет около 300 мкм (0,012 дюйма) в длину.
Чтобы помочь сравнить разные порядки величин , в этом разделе перечислены длины от 10 -4 м до 10 -3 м (от 100 мкм до 1 мм ). Термин мириометр (сокр. Мама, эквивалент 100 микрометров; часто путают с мириометром , 10 км) [76] устарел; десятичный метрический префикс myrio- [77] устарел [78] [79] [80] и не был включен в число префиксов, когда в 1960 году была введена Международная система единиц .
100 мкм - 1/10 миллиметра
100 мкм - 0,00394 дюйма
100 μm – smallest distance that can be seen with the naked eye
100 μm – average diameter of a strand of human hair[24]
100 μm – thickness of a coat of paint
100 μm – length of a dust particle
120 μm – the geometric mean of the Planck length and the diameter of the observable universe: √8.8 × 1026 m × 1.6 × 10−35 m
120 μm – diameter of a human ovum
170 μm – length of the largest sperm cell in nature, belonging to the Drosophila bifurca fruit fly[81][82]
181 μm – maximum width of a strand of human hair[24]
100–400 μm – length of Demodex mites living in human hair follicles
175–200 μm – typical thickness of a solar cell.
200 μm – typical length of Paramecium caudatum, a ciliate protist
200 μm – nominal width of the smallest commonly available mechanical pencil lead (0.2 mm)
250–300 μm – length of a dust mite[83]
340 μm – length of a pixel on a 17-inch monitor with a resolution of 1024×768
500 μm – typical length of Amoeba proteus, an amoeboid protist
500 μm – MEMS micro-engine[citation needed]
500 μm – average length of a grain of sand
500 μm – average length of a grain of salt
500 μm – average length of a grain of sugar
560 μm – thickness of the central area of a human cornea[25]
750 μm – diameter of a Thiomargarita namibiensis, the largest bacteria known[84]
760 μm – thickness of an identification card
1 millimetre
An average red ant is about 5 mm (0.20 in) long.
"1mm" redirects here. For the Perfume song, see Level3 (Perfume album). For the measure, see millimetre.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−3 m and 10−2 m (1 mm and 1 cm).
1.0 mm – 1/1,000 of a metre
1.0 mm – 0.03937 inches or 5/127 (exactly)
1.0 mm – side of square of area 1 mm²
1.0 mm – diameter of a pinhead
1.5 mm – length of average flea[26]
2.54 mm – distance between pins on old dual in-line package (DIP) electronic components
5 mm – length of an average red ant
5 mm – diameter of an average grain of rice
5.56×45mm NATO – standard ammunition size
6 mm – approximate width of a pencil
7 mm – length of a Paedophryne amauensis, the smallest-known vertebrate[85]
7.1 mm – length of a sunflower seed
7.62×51mm NATO – common military ammunition size[86]
8 mm – width of old-format home movie film
8 mm – length of a Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest-known fish[87]
1 centimetre
An average human fingernail is about 1 cm (0.39 in) wide.
"10 mm" redirects here. For firearms cartridges, see 10 mm caliber.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−2 m and 10−1 m (1 cm and 1 dm).
1 cm – 10 millimetres
1 cm – 0.39 inches
1 cm – edge of square of area 1 cm2
1 cm – edge of cube of volume 1 mL
1 cm – length of a coffee bean
1 cm – approximate width of average fingernail
1.2 cm – length of a bee
1.2 cm – diameter of a die
1.5 cm – length of a very large mosquito
1.6 cm – length of a Jaragua Sphaero, a very small reptile
1.7 cm – length of a Thorius arboreus, the smallest salamander[88]
2 cm – approximate width of an adult human finger
2.54 cm – 1 inch
3.08568 cm – 1 attoparsec (10−18 parsecs)
3.4 cm – length of a quail egg[89]
3.5 cm – width of film commonly used in motion pictures and still photography
3.78 cm – amount of distance the Moon moves away from Earth each year[90]
4.3 cm – minimum diameter of a golf ball[91]
5 cm – usual diameter of a chicken egg
5 cm – height of a hummingbird, the smallest-known bird
5.5 × 5.5 × 5.5 cm – dimensions of a 3x3x3 Rubik's Cube
6.1 cm – average height of an apple
7.3–7.5 cm – diameter of a baseball[27]
8.6 cm × 5.4 cm – dimensions of a standard credit card[citation needed]
9 cm – length of a speckled padloper, the smallest-known turtle
1 decimetre
"10cm" redirects here. For the band, see 10cm (band).
An adult human foot is about 28 cm (11 in) long.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 centimetres and 100 centimetres (10−1 metre and 1 metre).
Conversions
10 centimetres (abbreviated to 10 cm) is equal to:
1 decimetre (dm), a term not in common use (1 L = 1 dm3.)
100 millimetres
3.9 inches
a side of a square of area 0.01 m2
the edge of a cube with a volume of 1×10−3 m3 (1 L)
Wavelengths
10 cm = 1.0 dm – wavelength of the highest UHF radio frequency, 3 GHz
12 cm = 1.2 dm – wavelength of the 2.45 GHz ISM radio band
21 cm = 2.1 dm – wavelength of the 1.4 GHz hydrogen emission line, a hyperfine transition of the hydrogen atom
100 cm = 10 dm – wavelength of the lowest UHF radio frequency, 300 MHz
Human-defined scales and structures
10.16 cm = 1.016 dm – 1 hand used in measuring height of horses (4 inches)
12 cm = 1.2 dm – diameter of a compact disc (CD) (= 120 mm)
15 cm = 1.5 dm – length of a Bic pen with cap on
22 cm = 2.2 dm – diameter of a typical association football (soccer ball)
60 cm = 6 dm – standard depth (front to back) of a domestic kitchen worktop in Europe (= 600 mm)
90 cm = 9 dm – average length of a rapier, a fencing sword[29]
91.44 cm = 9.144 dm – one yard (measure)
Nature
10 cm = 1 dm – diameter of the human cervix upon entering the second stage of labour
11 cm = 1.1 dm – diameter of an average potato in the US
13 cm = 1.3 dm – body length of a Goliath birdeater
15 cm = 1.5 dm – approximate size of largest beetle species
19 cm = 1.9 dm – length of a banana
26.3 cm = 2.6 dm – length of average male human foot
29.98 cm = 2.998 dm – distance light in vacuum travels in one nanosecond
30 cm = 3.0 dm – maximum leg length of a Goliath birdeater
31 cm = 3.1 dm – wingspan of largest butterfly species Ornithoptera alexandrae
46 cm = 4.6 dm – length of an average domestic cat
50 to 65 cm = 5–6.5 dm – a coati's tail
66 cm = 6.6 dm – length of the longest pine cones (produced by the sugar pine[92])
Astronomical
84 cm = 8.4 dm – approximate diameter of 2008 TS26, a meteoroid
1 metre
"1m" redirects here. For other uses, see 1M.
Leonardo da Vinci drew the Vitruvian Man within a square of side 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) and a circle about 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) in radius
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between one metre and ten metres.
Light, in vacuum, travels 1 metre in 1⁄299,792,458, or 3.3356409519815E-9 of a second.
Conversions
1 metre is:
10 decimetres
100 centimetres
1,000 millimetres
39.37 inches
3.28 feet
side of square with area 1 m2
edge of cube with surface area 6 m2 and volume 1 m3
radius of circle with area π m2
radius of sphere with surface area 4π m2 and volume 4/3π m3
Human-defined scales and structures
1 m – approximate height of the top part of a doorknob on a door
1 m – diameter of a very large beach ball
1.435 m – standard gauge of railway track used by about 60% of railways in the world = 4 ft 8½ in
2.5 m – distance from the floor to the ceiling in an average residential house[93]
2.7 m – length of the Starr Bumble Bee II, the smallest plane
2.77–3.44 m – wavelength of the broadcast radio FM band 87–108 MHz
3.05 m – the length of an old Mini
8.38 m – the length of a London Bus (AEC Routemaster)
Sports
2.44 m – height of an association football goal[94]
2.45 m – highest high jump by a human being (Javier Sotomayor)[95]
3.05 m – (10 feet) height of the basket in basketball
8.95 m – longest long jump by a human being (Mike Powell)[96]
Nature
1 m – height of Homo floresiensis (the "Hobbit")
1.15 m – a pizote (mammal)
1.63 m – (5 feet 4 inches) (or 64 inches) – height of average U.S. female human as of 2002[update] (source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC))
1.75 m – (5 feet 8 inches) – height of average U.S. male human as of 2002[update] (source: U.S. CDC as per female above)
2.5 m – height of a sunflower
2.72 m – (8 feet 11 inches) – tallest-known human being (Robert Wadlow)[30]
3.63 m – the record wingspan for living birds (a wandering albatross)
5 m – length of an elephant
5.2 m – height of a giraffe[97]
5.5 m – height of a Baluchitherium, the largest land mammal ever lived
7 m – wingspan of Argentavis, the largest flying bird known
7.5 m – approximate length of the human gastrointestinal tract
Astronomical
3–6 m – approximate diameter of 2003 SQ222, a meteoroid
4.1 m – diameter of 2008 TC3, a small asteroid that flew into the Earth's atmosphere on October 7, 2008.[98]
1 decametre
A blue whale has been measured as 33 m (108 ft) long; this drawing compares its length to that of a human diver and a dolphin.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 metres and 100 metres.
Conversions
10 metres (very rarely termed a decametre which is abbreviated as dam) is equal to:
10 metres
100 decimetres
1,000 centimetres
10,000 millimetres
32.8 feet
side of square with area 100 m²
Human-defined scales and structures
10 metres – wavelength of the highest shortwave radio frequency, 30 MHz
23 metres – height of the obelisk of the Place de la Concorde, Paris, France
25 metres – wavelength of the broadcast radio shortwave band at 12 MHz
29 metres – height of the lighthouse at Savudrija, Croatia
31 metres – wavelength of the broadcast radio shortwave band at 9.7 MHz
34 metres – height of the Split Point Lighthouse in Aireys Inlet, Victoria, Australia
40 metres – average depth beneath the seabed of the Channel tunnel
49 metres – wavelength of the broadcast radio shortwave band at 6.1 MHz
50 metres – length of a road train
55 metres – height of the Leaning Tower of Pisa
62.5 metres – height of Pyramid of Djoser
64 metres – wingspan of a Boeing 747-400
69 metres – wingspan of an Antonov An-124 Ruslan
70 metres – length of the Bayeux Tapestry
70 metres – width of a typical association football field
77 metres – wingspan of a Boeing 747-8
88.4 metres – wingspan of the Antonov An-225 Mriya transport aircraft
93 metres – height of the Statue of Liberty
96 metres – height of Big Ben
100 metres – wavelength of the lowest shortwave radio frequency, 3 MHz
Sports
11 metres – approximate width of a doubles tennis court
15 metres – width of a standard FIBA basketball court
15.24 metres – width of an NBA basketball court (50 feet)
18.44 metres – distance between the front of the pitcher's rubber and the rear point of home plate on a baseball field (60 feet, 6 inches)[99]
20 metres – length of cricket pitch (22 yards)[100]
27.43 metres – distance between bases on a baseball field (90 feet)
28 metres – length of a standard FIBA basketball court
28.65 metres – length of an NBA basketball court (94 feet)
49 metres – width of an American football field (53⅓ yards)
59.436 metres – width of a Canadian football field (65 yards)
70 metres – typical width of soccer field
91 metres – length of American football field (100 yards, measured between the goal lines)
105 metres – length of football pitch (UEFA Stadium Category 3 and 4)
Nature
10 metres – average length of human digestive tract[citation needed]
12 metres – length of a whale shark, largest living fish
12 metres – wingspan of a Quetzalcoatlus, a pterosaur
13 metres – length of a giant squid and colossal squid, the largest living invertebrates
15 metres – approximate distance the tropical circles of latitude are moving towards the equator and the polar circles are moving towards the poles each year due to a natural, gradual decrease in the Earth's axial tilt
18 metres – height of a Sauroposeidon, the tallest-known dinosaur
20 metres – length of a Leedsichthys, the largest-known fish ever lived
21 metres – height of High Force waterfall in England
33 metres – length of a blue whale,[101] the largest animal on earth, living or extinct, in terms of mass
39 metres – length of a Supersaurus, the longest-known dinosaur and longest vertebrate[102]
52 metres – height of Niagara Falls[32]
55 metres – length of a bootlace worm, the longest-known animal[103]
83 metres – height of a Western hemlock
Astronomical
30 metres – diameter of 1998 KY26, a rapidly spinning meteoroid
30.8568 meters – 1 femtoparsec
32 metres – approximate diameter of 2008 HJ, a small meteoroid
1 hectometre
The Great Pyramid of Giza is 138.8 m (455 ft) high.
British driver location sign and location marker post on the M27 in Hampshire. The location marker posts are installed at 100-metre intervals.[104]
To compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 100 metres and 1,000 metres (1 kilometre).
Conversions
100 metres (sometimes termed a hectometre) is equal to:
328 feet
one side of a 1 hectare square
a fifth of a modern li, a Chinese unit of measurement
the approximate distance travelled by light in 300 nanoseconds
Human-defined scales and structures
100 metres – wavelength of the highest medium wave radio frequency, 3 MHz
100 metres – spacing of location marker posts on British motorways
138.8 metres – height of the Great Pyramid of Giza (Pyramid of Cheops)
139 metres – height of the world's tallest roller coaster, Kingda Ka[105]
187 metres – shortest wavelength of the broadcast radio AM band, 1600 kHz
202 metres – length of the Széchenyi Chain Bridge connecting Buda and Pest
318 metres – height of The New York Times Building
318.9 metres – height of the Chrysler Building
320.75 metres – height of the Eiffel Tower(including antenna)[106]
328 metres – height of Auckland's Sky Tower, the tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere[when?]
341 metres – height of the world's tallest bridge, the Millau Viaduct[when?]
390 metres – height of the Empire State Building
400–800 metres – approximate heights of the world's tallest skyscrapers of the past 80 years[when?]
458 metres – length of the Knock Nevis, the world's largest supertanker
553.33 metres – height of the CN Tower[107]
555 metres – longest wavelength of the broadcast radio AM band, 540 kHz
630 metres – height of the KVLY-TV mast, second-tallest structure in the world
646 metres – height of the Warsaw radio mast, the world's tallest structure until its collapse in 1991
828 metres – height of Burj Khalifa, world's tallest structure on 17 January 2009[108]
1,000 metres – wavelength of the lowest mediumwave radio frequency, 300 kHz
Sports
100 metres – the distance a very fast human being can run in about 10 seconds
100.584 metres – length of a Canadian football field between the goal lines (110 yards)
91.5 metres – 137 metres – length of a soccer field[94]
105 metres – length of a typical football field
109.73 metres – total length of an American football field (120 yards, including the end zones)
110–150 metres – the width of an Australian football field
135–185 metres – the length of an Australian football field
137.16 metres – total length of a Canadian football field, including the end zones (150 yards)
Nature
115.5 metres – height of the world's tallest tree in 2007, the Hyperion sequoia[109]
310 metres – maximum depth of Lake Geneva
340 metres – distance sound travels in air at sea level in one second; see Speed of sound
979 metres – height of the Salto Angel, the world's highest free-falling waterfall (Venezuela)
1500 metres – distance sound travels in water in one second
Astronomical
270 metres – length of 99942 Apophis
535 metres – length of 25143 Itokawa,[110] a small asteroid visited by a spacecraft
1 kilometre
Mount Fuji is 3.776 kilometres (2.346 mi) high.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 1 kilometre and 10 kilometres (103 and 104 metres).
Conversions
1 kilometre (unit symbol km) is equal to:
1,000 metres
0.621371 miles
1,093.61 yards
3,280.84 feet
39,370.1 inches
100,000 centimetres
1,000,000 millimetres
Side of a square of area 1 km2
Radius of a circle of area π km2
Human-defined scales and structures
1 km – wavelength of the highest long wave radio frequency, 300 kHz[111]
1.280 km – span of the Golden Gate Bridge (distance between towers)[112]
1.609 km – 1 mile
1.852 km – 1 nautical mile, equal to 1 arcminute of latitude at the surface of the Earth[113]
1.991 km – span of the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge[114]
2.309 km – axial length of the Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam in the world[33]
3.991 km – length of the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, longest suspension bridge in the world as of December 2008[update][115]
5.072 km – height of Tanggula Mountain Pass, below highest peak in the Tanggula Mountains, highest railway pass in the world as of August 2005[update][116]
5.727 km – height of Cerro Aucanquilcha, highest road in the world, located in Chile[117][failed verification]
98 airports have paved runways from 4 km to 5.5 km in length.
8 km – length of Palm Jebel Ali, an artificial island built off the coast of Dubai
9.8 km – length of The World, an artificial archipelago that is also built off the coast of Dubai, whose islands resemble a world map
Geographical
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See also: List of highest mountains on Earth
1.637 km – deepest dive of Lake Baikal in Russia, the world's largest freshwater lake[118]
2.228 km – height of Mount Kosciuszko, highest point on mainland Australia[119]
Most of Manhattan is from 3 to 4 km wide.
4.810 km – height of Mont Blanc, highest peak in the Alps
4.884 km – height of Carstensz Pyramid, highest peak in Oceania[120]
4.892 km – height of Mount Vinson, highest peak in Antarctica
5.610 km – height of Mount Damavand, highest peak in Iran
5.642 km – height of Mount Elbrus, highest peak in Europe
5.895 km – height of Mount Kilimanjaro, highest peak in Africa
6.081 km – height of Mount Logan, highest peak in Canada
6.190 km – height of Denali, highest peak in North America
6.959 km – height of Aconcagua, highest peak in South America
7.5 km – depth of Cayman Trench, deepest point in the Caribbean Sea
8.848 km – height of Mount Everest, highest peak on Earth, on the border between Nepal and China
Astronomical
1 km – diameter of 1620 Geographos
1 km – very approximate size of the smallest-known moons of Jupiter
1.4 km – diameter of Dactyl, the first confirmed asteroid moon
4.8 km – diameter of 5535 Annefrank, an inner belt asteroid
5 km – diameter of 3753 Cruithne
5 km – length of PSR B1257+12
8 km – diameter of Themisto, one of Jupiter's moons
8 km – diameter of the Vela Pulsar
8.6 km – diameter of Callirrhoe, also known as Jupiter XVII
9.737 km – length of PSR B1919+21
10 kilometres
The Strait of Gibraltar is 13 km (8.1 mi) wide.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 and 100 kilometres (104 to 105 metres). The myriametre[121] (sometimes also spelled myriameter, myriometre and myriometer) (10,000 metres) is a deprecated unit name; the decimal metric prefix myria-[77] (sometimes also written as myrio-[122][123][124]) is obsolete[78][79][80] and not included among the prefixes when the International System of Units was introduced in 1960.
Conversions
10 kilometres is equal to:
Distance marker on the Rhine: 36 (XXXVI) myriametres from Basel. The stated distance is 360 km (220 mi); comma is the decimal separator in Germany.
10,000 metres
6.2 miles
1 mil (the Scandinavian mile), now standardized as 10 km:
1 mil, the unit of measure commonly used in Norway and Sweden[125] used to be 11,295 m in Norway and 10,688 m in Sweden.
farsang, unit of measure commonly used in Iran and Turkey[126]
Sports
42.195 km – length of the marathon[127]
Human-defined scales and structures
18 km – cruising altitude of Concorde
27 km – circumference of the Large Hadron Collider, as of May 2010[update] the largest and highest energy particle accelerator
34.668 km – highest manned balloon flight (Malcolm D. Ross and Victor E. Prather on 4 May 1961)[128]
38.422 km – length of the Second Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana, US
39 km – undersea portion of the Channel tunnel
53.9 km – length of the Seikan Tunnel, as of October 2009[update], the longest rail tunnel in the world[129]
77 km – Rough total length of the Panama Canal[130]
Geographical
10 km – height of Mauna Kea in Hawaii, measured from its base on the ocean floor
11 km – deepest-known point of the ocean, Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench
11 km – average height of the troposphere
14 km – width of the Gibraltar strait
21 km – length of Manhattan
23 km – depth of the largest earthquake ever recorded in the United Kingdom, in 1931 at the Dogger Bank of the North Sea
34 km – narrowest width of the English Channel at the Strait of Dover
50 km – approximate height of the stratosphere
90 km – width of the Bering Strait
Astronomical
10 km – diameter of the most massive neutron stars (3–5 solar masses)
13 km – mean diameter of Deimos, the smaller moon of Mars
20 km – diameter of the least massive neutron stars (1.44 solar masses)
20 km – diameter of Leda, one of Jupiter's moons
20 km – diameter of Pan, one of Saturn's moons
22 km – diameter of Phobos, the larger moon of Mars
27 km – height of Olympus Mons above the Mars reference level,[131][132] the highest-known mountain of the Solar System
30.8568 km – 1 picoparsec
43 km – diameter difference of Earth's equatorial bulge
66 km – diameter of Naiad, the innermost of Neptune's moons
100 kilometres
The Suez Canal is 163 km (101 mi) long.
A length of 100 kilometres (about 62 miles), as a rough amount, is relatively common in measurements on Earth and for some astronomical objects.
It is the altitude at which the FAI defines spaceflight to begin.
To help compare orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 100 and 1,000 kilometres (105 and 106 metres).
Conversions
A distance of 100 kilometres is equal to about 62 miles (or 62.13711922 miles).
Human-defined scales and structures
100 km – the Karman line: the official boundary of outer space
105 km – distance from Giridih to Bokaro
109 km – length of High Speed 1 between London and the Channel Tunnel[133]
130 km – range of a Scud-A missile
163 km – length of the Suez Canal
164 km – length of the Danyang–Kunshan Grand Bridge
213 km – length of Paris Métro
217 km – length of the Grand Union Canal
223 km – length of the Madrid Metro
300 km – range of a Scud-B missile
386 km – altitude of the International Space Station
408 km – length of the London Underground (active track)
460 km – distance from London to Paris
470 km – distance from Dublin to London as the crow flies
600 km – range of a Scud-C missile
600 km – height above ground of the Hubble Space Telescope
804.67 km – (500 miles) distance of the Indy 500 automobile race
Geographical
111 km – distance covered by one degree of latitude on Earth's surface
180 km – distance between Mumbai and Nashik
203 km – length of Sognefjorden, the third-largest fjord in the world
220 km – distance between Pune and Nashik
240 km – widest width of the English Channel
430 km – length of the Pyrenees
500 km – widest width of Sweden from east to west
550 km – distance from San Francisco to Los Angeles as the crow flies
560 km – distance of Bordeaux–Paris, formerly[when?] the longest one-day professional cycling race[134]
590 km – length of land boundary between Finland and Sweden
724 km – length of the Om River
871 km – distance from Sydney to Melbourne (along the Hume Highway)
897 km – length of the River Douro
900 km – distance from Berlin to Stockholm
956 km – distance from Washington, D.C. to Chicago, Illinois as the crow flies
Astronomical
100 km – the altitude at which the FAI defines spaceflight to begin
167 km – diameter of Amalthea, one of Jupiter's inner moons
200 km – width of Valles Marineris
220 km – diameter of Phoebe, the largest of Saturn's outer moons
300 km – the approximate distance travelled by light in one millisecond
340 km – diameter of Nereid, the third-largest moon of Neptune
350 km – lower bound of Low Earth orbit
420 km – diameter of Proteus, the second-largest moon of Neptune
468 km – diameter of the asteroid 4 Vesta
472 km – diameter of Miranda, one of Uranus's major moons
974.6 km – greatest diameter of 1 Ceres,[35] the largest Solar System asteroid[note 2]
1 megametre
Small planets, the Moon and dwarf planets in the Solar System have diameters from one to ten million metres. Top row: Mars (left), Mercury (right); bottom row: Moon (left), Pluto (center), and Haumea (right), to scale.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 106 m (1 Mm or 1,000 km).
Conversions
1 megametre is equal to:
1 E+6 m (one million metres)
approximately 621.37 miles
Side of square with area 1,000,000 km2
Human-defined scales and structures
2.100 Mm – Length of proposed gas pipeline from Iran to India via Pakistan
2.100 Mm – Distance from Casablanca to Rome
2.288 Mm – Length of the official Alaska Highway when it was built in the 1940s[135]
3.069 Mm – Length of Interstate 95 (from Houlton, Maine to Miami, Florida)
3.846 Mm – Length of U.S. Route 1 (from Fort Kent, Maine to Key West, Florida)
5.000 Mm – Width of the United States
5.007 Mm – Estimated length of Interstate 90 (Seattle, Washington to Boston, Massachusetts)
5.614 Mm – Length of the Australian Dingo Fence[136]
6.4 Mm – Length of the Great Wall of China
7.821 Mm – Length of the Trans-Canada Highway, the world's longest national highway (from Victoria, British Columbia to St. John's, Newfoundland)
8.836 Mm – Road distance between Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, and Key West, Florida, the endpoints of the U.S. road network
8.852 Mm – Aggregate length of the Great Wall of China, including trenches, hills and rivers[137]
9.259 Mm – Length of the Trans-Siberian railway[138]
Sports
The Munda Biddi Trail in WA, Australia is over 1,000 km long – the world's longest off-road cycle trail
1.200 Mm – the length of the Paris–Brest–Paris bicycling event
Several endurance auto races are, or were, run for 1,000 km:
Bathurst 1000
1000 km Brands Hatch
1000 km Buenos Aires
1000 km Donington
1000 km Monza
1000 km Nürburgring
1000 km Silverstone
1000 km Spa
1000 km Suzuka
1000 km Zeltweg
Geographical
1.010 Mm – Distance from San Diego to El Paso as the crow flies
2.000 Mm – Distance from Beijing to Hong Kong as the crow flies
2.800 Mm – Narrowest width of Atlantic Ocean (Brazil-West Africa)
2.850 Mm – Length of the Danube river
2.205 Mm – Length of Sweden's total land boundaries
2.515 Mm – Length of Norway's total land boundaries
3.690 Mm – Length of the Volga river, longest in Europe
4.350 Mm – Length of the Yellow River
4.800 Mm – Widest width of Atlantic Ocean (U.S.-Northern Africa)
5.100 Mm – Distance from Dublin to New York as the crow flies
6.270 Mm – Length of the Mississippi-Missouri River system
6.380 Mm – Length of the Yangtze River
6.400 Mm – Length of the Amazon River
6.758 Mm – Length of the Nile system, longest on Earth
8.200 Mm – Approximate Distance from Dublin to San Francisco
Astronomical
1.000 Mm – Estimated shortest axis of triaxial dwarf planet Haumea
1.186 Mm – Diameter of Charon, the largest moon of Pluto
1.280 Mm – Diameter of the trans-Neptunian object 50000 Quaoar
1.436 Mm – Diameter of Iapetus, one of Saturn's major moons
1.578 Mm – Diameter of Titania, the largest of Uranus's moons
1.960 Mm – Estimated longest axis of Haumea
2.326 Mm – Diameter of the dwarf planet Eris, the largest trans-Neptunian object found to date
2.376 Mm – Diameter of Pluto
2.707 Mm – Diameter of Triton, largest moon of Neptune
3.122 Mm – Diameter of Europa, the smallest Galilean satellite of Jupiter
3.476 Mm – Diameter of Earth's Moon
3.643 Mm – Diameter of Io, a moon of Jupiter
4.821 Mm – Diameter of Callisto, a moon of Jupiter
4.879 Mm – Diameter of Mercury
5.150 Mm – Diameter of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn
5.262 Mm – Diameter of Jupiter's moon Ganymede, the largest moon in the Solar System
6.371 Mm – Radius of Earth
6.792 Mm – Diameter of Mars
10 megametres
Planets from Venus up to Uranus have diameters from ten to one hundred million metres. Top row: Uranus (left), Neptune (right); middle row: Earth (left), Sirius B (center), and Venus (right), to scale
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To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 107 metres (10 megametres or 10,000 kilometres).
Conversions
10 megametres (10 Mm) is
6,215 miles
side of a square of area 100,000,000 square kilometres (km2)
radius of a circle of area 314,159,265 km2
Human-defined scales and structures
11.085 Mm – Length of the Kyiv-Vladivostok railway, a longer variant of the Trans-Siberian railway[139]
13.300 Mm – Length of roads being rehabilitated and widened under the National Highway Development Project (launched in 1998) in India
39.000 Mm – Length of the SEA-ME-WE 3 optical submarine telecommunications cable, joining 39 points between Norden, Germany and Okinawa, Japan
67.000 Mm – Total length of National Highways in India
80.000 Mm – 20,000 (metric, French) leagues (see Jules Verne, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea)
Geographical
10 Mm – Approximate altitude of the outer boundary of the exosphere
10.001 Mm – Length of the meridian arc from the North Pole to the Equator (the original definition of the metre was based on this length)
60.000 Mm – Total length of the mid-ocean ridges
Astronomical
12.000 Mm – Diameter of Sirius B, a white dwarf[140]
12.104 Mm – Diameter of Venus
12.742 Mm – Diameter of Earth
12.900 Mm – Minimum distance of the meteoroid 2004 FU162 from the centre of Earth on 31 March 2004, closest on record
14.000 Mm – Smallest diameter of Jupiter's Great Red Spot
19.000 Mm – Separation between Pluto and Charon
30.8568 Mm – 1 nanoparsec
34.770 Mm – Minimum distance of the asteroid 99942 Apophis on 13 April 2029 from the centre of Earth
35.786 Mm – Altitude of geostationary orbit
40.005 Mm – Polar circumference of the Earth
40.077 Mm – Equatorial circumference of the Earth
49.528 Mm – Diameter of Neptune
51.118 Mm – Diameter of Uranus
100 megametres
The Earth-Moon orbit, Saturn, OGLE-TR-122b, Jupiter, and other objects, to scale. Click on image for detailed view and links to other length scales.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 108 metres (100 megametres or 100,000 kilometres or 62,150 miles).
102 Mm – Diameter of HD 149026 b, an unusually dense Jovian planet
115 Mm – Width of Saturn's Rings
120 Mm – Diameter of EBLM J0555-57Ab, the smallest-known star
120 Mm – Diameter of Saturn
142 Mm – Diameter of Jupiter, the largest planet in the Solar System
170 Mm – Diameter of TRAPPIST-1, a star recently discovered to have seven planets around it
174 Mm – Diameter of OGLE-TR-122b
180 Mm – Average distance covered during life
196 Mm – Diameter of Proxima Centauri, a typical red dwarf
257 Mm – Diameter of TrES-4 b
272 Mm – Diameter of WASP-12b
299.792 Mm – One light-second; the distance light travels in vacuum in one second (see speed of light)
300 Mm – Diameter of WASP-79b
314 Mm – Diameter of CT Cha b
384.4 Mm (238,855 mi) – Average Earth-Moon distance[141]
671 Mm – Separation between Jupiter and Europa
428 Mm – Diameter of GQ Lupi b, one of the largest-known planets
986 Mm – Diameter of HD 100546 b's surrounding disk
1 gigametre
13 things in the gigameter group
Upper part: Gamma Orionis, Algol B, the Sun (centre), underneath their darker mirror images (artist's interpretation), and other objects, to scale
To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 109 metres (1 gigametre (Gm) or 1 billion metres).
1.2 Gm – Separation between Saturn and Titan
1.39 Gm – Diameter of Sun[142]
1.5 Gm – (proposed) Expected orbit from Earth of the James Webb Space Telescope
2.19 Gm – Closest approach of Comet Lexell to Earth, happened on 1 July 1770; closest comet approach on record
3 Gm – Total length of "wiring" in the human brain[143]
4.2 Gm – Diameter of Algol B
5.0 Gm – Closest approach of Comet Halley to Earth, happened on 10 April 837
5.0 Gm – (proposed) Size of the arms of the giant triangle shaped Michelson interferometer of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) planned to start observations sometime in the 2030s.
7.9 Gm – Diameter of Gamma Orionis
9.0 Gm – Estimated diameter of the event horizon of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way galaxy
10 gigametres
Rigel and Aldebaran (top left and right) compared to smaller stars, the Sun (very small dot in lower middle, with orbit of Mercury as yellow ellipse) and transparent sphere with radius of one light-minute.
To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1010 metres (10 gigametres (Gm) or 10 million kilometres, or 0.07 astronomical units).
15 Gm – Closest distance of Comet Hyakutake from Earth
18 Gm – One light-minute (see yellow sphere in right-hand diagram)
24 Gm – Radius of a heliostationary orbit
30.8568 Gm – 1 microparsec
46 Gm – Perihelion distance of Mercury (yellow ellipse on the right)
55 Gm – 60,000-year perigee of Mars (last achieved on 27 August 2003)
55 Gm – Radius of Rigel, a blue supergiant star (largest star on right)[144]
58 Gm – Average passing distance between Earth and Mars at the moment they overtake each other in their orbits
61 Gm[145] – Diameter of Aldebaran, an orange giant star (large star on right)
70 Gm – Aphelion distance of Mercury
76 Gm – Neso's apocentric distance; greatest distance of a natural satellite from its parent planet (Neptune)
100 gigametres
From largest to smallest: Jupiter's orbit, red supergiant star Betelgeuse, Mars' orbit, Earth's orbit, star R Doradus, and orbits of Venus, Mercury. Inside R Doradus's depiction are the blue giant star Rigel and red giant star Aldebaran. The faint yellow glow around the Sun represents one light-minute. Click image to see more details and links to their scales.
To help compare distances at different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths starting at 1011 metres (100 gigametre or 100 million kilometres or 0.7 astronomical units).
109 Gm (0.7 au) Distance between Venus and the Sun
149.6 Gm (93.0 million mi; 1.0 au) – Distance between the Earth and the Sun – the original definition of the astronomical unit
180 Gm (1.2 au) – Maximum diameter of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole in the center of Milky Way galaxy
228 Gm (1.5 au) – Distance between Mars and the Sun
570 Gm (3.8 au) – Length of the tail of Comet Hyakutake measured by Ulysses; the actual value could be much higher
591 Gm (4.0 au) – Minimum distance between the Earth and Jupiter
780 Gm (5.2 au) – Distance between Jupiter and the Sun
947 Gm (6.4 au) – Diameter of Antares A
965 Gm (6.4 au) – Maximum distance between the Earth and Jupiter
1 terametre
8 things in the terameter group
Comparison of size of the Kuiper belt (large faint torus) with the star VY Canis Majoris (within Saturn's orbit), Betelgeuse (inside Jupiter's orbit) and R Doradus (small central red sphere) together with the orbits of Neptune and Uranus, to scale. The yellow ellipses represent the orbits of each planet and the dwarf planet Pluto.
To help compare different distances, this section lists lengths starting at 1012 m (1 Tm or 1 billion km or 6.7 astronomical units).
1.079 Tm – 7.2 au – One light-hour
1.4 Tm – 9.5 au – Distance between Saturn and the Sun
1.5 Tm – 10 au – Estimated diameter of VV Cephei A, a red supergiant.[146]
1.83 Tm – 12.2 au – Diameter of HR 5171 A, the largest-known yellow hypergiant star although the latest research suggests it is a red hypergiant with a diameter about 2.1 Tm (14 au)[147][148]
2 Tm – 13.2 au – Estimated diameter of VY Canis Majoris, one of the largest-known stars[149]
2.9 Tm – 19.4 au – Distance between Uranus and the Sun
3 Tm – 20 au – Diameter of Stephenson 2-18, possibly the largest-known star
4.4 Tm – 29.4 au – Perihelion distance of Pluto
4.5 Tm – 30.1 au – Distance between Neptune and the Sun
4.5 Tm – 30.1 au – Inner radius of the Kuiper belt
5.7 Tm – 38.1 au – Perihelion distance of Eris
7.3 Tm – 48.8 au – Aphelion distance of Pluto
7.5 Tm – 50.1 au – Outer radius of the Kuiper Belt
10 terametres
Sedna's orbit (left) is longer than 100 Tm, but other lengths are between 10 and 100 Tm: Comet Hale-Bopp's orbit (lower, faint orange); one light-day (yellow spherical shell with yellow Vernal point arrow as radius); the heliosphere's termination shock (blue shell); and other arrows show positions of Voyager 1 (red) and Pioneer 10 (green). Click on image for larger view and links to other scales.
To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1013 m (10 Tm or 10 billion km or 67 astronomical units).
10 Tm – 67 AU – Diameter of a hypothetical quasi-star
11.1 Tm – 74.2 AU – Distance that Voyager 1 began detecting returning particles from termination shock
11.4 Tm – 76.2 AU – Perihelion distance of 90377 Sedna
12.1 Tm – 70 to 90 AU – Distance to termination shock (Voyager 1 crossed at 94 AU)
12.9 Tm – 86.3 AU – Distance to 90377 Sedna in March 2014
13.2 Tm – 88.6 AU – Distance to Pioneer 11 in March 2014
14.1 Tm – 94.3 AU – Estimated radius of the Solar System
14.4 Tm – 96.4 AU – Distance to Eris in March 2014 (now near its aphelion)
15.1 Tm – 101 AU – Distance to heliosheath
16.5 Tm – 111 AU – Distance to Pioneer 10 as of March 2014
16.6 Tm – 111.2 AU – Distance to Voyager 2 as of May 2016
20.0 Tm – 135 AU – Distance to Voyager 1 as of May 2016
20.6 Tm – 138 AU – Distance to Voyager 1 as of late February 2017
21.1 Tm – 141 AU – Distance to Voyager 1 as of November 2017
25.9 Tm – 172 AU – One light-day
30.8568 Tm – 1 miliparsec
55.7 Tm – 371 AU – Aphelion distance of the comet Hale-Bopp
100 terametres
The largest yellow sphere indicates one light month distance from the Sun. Click the image for larger view, more details and links to other scales.
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (November 2012)
To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1014 m (100 Tm or 100 billion km or 670 astronomical units).
140 Tm – 937 AU – Aphelion distance of 90377 Sedna
172 Tm – 1150 AU – Schwarzschild diameter of H1821+643, one of the most massive black holes known
181 Tm – 1210 AU – One light-week
757 Tm – 5059 AU – radius of the Stingray Nebula[150]
777 Tm – 5180 AU – One light-month
1 petametre
Largest circle with yellow arrow indicates one light-year from Sun; Cat's Eye Nebula on left and Barnard 68 in middle are depicted in front of Comet 1910 A1's orbit. Click image for larger view, details and links to other scales.
To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1015 m (1 Pm or 1 trillion km or 6685 astronomical units (AU) or 0.11 light-years).
1.0 Pm = 0.105702341 light-years[151]
1.9 Pm ± 0.5 Pm = 12,000 AU = 0.2 light-year radius of Cat's Eye Nebula's inner core[152]
4.7 Pm = 30,000 AU = half-light-year diameter of Bok globule Barnard 68[153]
7.5 Pm – 50,000 AU – Possible outer boundary of Oort cloud (other estimates are 75,000 to 125,000 or even 189,000 AU (1.18, 2, and 3 light-years, respectively))
9.5 Pm – 63,241.1 AU – One light-year, the distance traveled by light in one year
9.9 Pm – 66,000 AU – Aphelion distance of the C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
10 petametres
Objects with size order of magnitude 1e16m: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) radius circle with yellow Vernal Point arrow; Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635), left; Dumbbell Nebula (NGC 6853), right; one light-year shell lower right with the smaller Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC_6543) and Barnard 68 adjacent.
1e16m lengths: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) yellow shell; Sirius below right; BL Ceti below left; Proxima and Alpha Centauri upper right; light-year shell with Comet 1910 A1's orbit inside top right
To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1016 m (10 Pm or 66,800 AU, 1.06 light-years).
15 Pm – 1.59 light-years – Possible outer radius of Oort cloud
20 Pm – 2.11 light-years – maximum extent of influence of the Sun's gravitational field[citation needed]
30.9 Pm – 3.26 light-years – 1 parsec
39.9 Pm – 4.22 light-years – Distance to Proxima Centauri (nearest star to Sun)
81.3 Pm – 8.59 light-years – Distance to Sirius
100 petametres
Lengths with order of magnitude 1e17m: yellow Vernal Point arrow traces hundred light-year radius circle with smaller ten light-year circle at right; globular cluster Messier 5 in background; 12 light-year radius Orion Nebula middle right; 50-light-year-wide view of the Carina Nebula bottom left; Pleiades cluster and Bubble nebula with similar diameters each around 10 light-years bottom right; grey arrows show distances from Sun to stars Aldebaran (65 light-years) and Vega (25 light-years).
This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (November 2012)
To help compare different distances this section lists lengths between 1017 m (100 Pm or 11 light-years) and 1018 m (106 light-years).
110 Pm – 12 light-years – Distance to Tau Ceti
230 Pm – 24 light-years – Diameter of the Orion Nebula[154][155]
240 Pm – 25 light-years – Distance to Vega
260 Pm – 27 light-years – Distance to Chara, a star approximately as bright as our Sun. Its faintness gives us an idea how our Sun would appear when viewed from even so close a distance as this.
350 Pm – 37 light-years – Distance to Arcturus
373.1 Pm – 39.44 light-years – Distance to TRAPPIST-1, a star recently discovered to have 7 planets around it
400 Pm – 42 light-years – Distance to Capella
620 Pm – 65 light-years – Distance to Aldebaran
750 Pm – 79.36 light-years – Distance to Regulus
900 Pm – 92.73 light-years – Distance to Algol
1 exametre
Lengths with order of magnitude 1e18m: thousand light-year radius circle with yellow arrow and 100 light-year circle at right with globular cluster Messier 5 within and Carina Nebula in front; globular cluster Omega Centauri to left of both; part of the 1,400-light-year-wide Tarantula Nebula fills the background.
This list includes distances between 1 and 10 exametres (1018 m). To help compare different distances this section lists lengths between 1018 m (1 Em or 105.7 light-years) and 1019 m (1,057 light-years).
1.2 Em – 129 light-years – Diameter of Messier 13 (a typical globular cluster)
1.6 Em – 172 ± 12.5 light-years – Diameter of Omega Centauri (one of the largest-known globular clusters, perhaps containing over a million stars)[156][157]
3.1 Em – 310 light-years – Distance to Canopus according to Hipparcos[158]
5.7 Em – 600 light-years – Diameter of the Tarantula Nebula[citation needed]
6.1 Em – 640 light-years – Distance to Betelgeuse according to Hipparcos[159]
6.2 Em – 650 light-years – Distance to the Helix Nebula, located in the constellation Aquarius[160]
7.3 Em – 730 light-years – Distance to Rigel according to Hipparcos[158]
10 exametres
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Em (1019 m or 1,100 light-years).
13 Em – 1,300 light-years – Distance to the Orion Nebula[161]
14 Em – 1,500 light-years – Approximate thickness of the plane of the Milky Way galaxy at the Sun's location
14.2 Em – 1,520 light-years – Diameter of the NGC 604
30.8568 Em – 3,261.6 light-years – 1 kiloparsec
31 Em – 3,200 light-years – Distance to Deneb according to Hipparcos
46 Em – 4,900 light-years – Distance to OGLE-TR-56, the first extrasolar planet discovered using the transit method
47 Em – 5,000 light-years – Distance to the Boomerang nebula, coldest place known (1 K)
53 Em – 5,600 light-years – Distance to the globular cluster M4 and the extrasolar planet PSR B1620-26 b within it
61 Em – 6,500 light-years – Distance to Perseus Spiral Arm (next spiral arm out in the Milky Way galaxy)
71 Em – 7,500 light-years – Distance to Eta Carinae
100 exametres
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Em (1020 m or 11,000 light-years).
150 Em – 16,000 light-years – Diameter of the Small Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way
200 Em – 21,500 light-years – Distance to OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, the most distant and the most Earth-like planet known
240 Em – 25,000 light-years – Distance to the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy
260 Em – 28,000 light-years – Distance to the center of the Galaxy
830 Em – 88,000 light-years – Distance to the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy
1 zettametre
The zettametre (SI symbol: Zm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1021 metres.[162]
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Zm (1021 m or 110,000 light-years).
1.7 Zm – 179,000 light-years – Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud, largest satellite galaxy of the Milky Way
<1.9 Zm – <200,000 light-years – Revised estimated diameter of the disc of the Milky Way Galaxy. The size was previously thought to be half of this.
2.0 Zm – 210,000 light-years – Distance to the Small Magellanic Cloud
2.8 Zm – 300,000 light-years – Distance to the Intergalactic Wanderer, one of the most distant globular clusters of Milky Way
8.5 Zm – 900,000 light-years – Distance to the Leo I Dwarf Galaxy, farthest-known Milky Way satellite galaxy
10 zettametres
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Zm (1022 m or 1.1 million light-years).
24 Zm – 2.5 million light-years – Distance to the Andromeda Galaxy
30.8568 Zm – 3.2616 million light-years – 1 megaparsec
40 Zm – 4.2 million light-years – Distance to the IC 10, a distant member of the Local Group of galaxies
49.2 Zm – 5.2 million light-years – Width of the Local Group of galaxies
57 Zm – 6 million light-years – Diameter of the supergiant elliptical galaxy IC 1101
95 Zm – 10 million light-years – Distance to the Sculptor Galaxy in the Sculptor Group of galaxies
95 Zm – 10 million light-years – Distance to the Maffei 1, the nearest giant elliptical galaxy in the Maffei 1 Group
100 zettametres
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Zm (1023 m or 11 million light-years).
140 Zm – 15 million light-years – Distance to Centaurus A galaxy
250 Zm – 27 million light-years – Distance to the Pinwheel Galaxy
280 Zm – 30 million light-years – Distance to the Sombrero Galaxy
570 Zm – 60 million light-years – Approximate distance to the Virgo cluster, nearest galaxy cluster
620 Zm – 65 million light-years – Approximate distance to the Fornax cluster
800 Zm – 85 million light-years – Approximate distance to the Eridanus cluster
1 yottametre
The yottametre, or yottameter in the US, (SI symbol: Ym) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1024 metres[162]
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Ym (1024 m or 105.702 million light-years).
1.2 Ym – 127 million light-years – Distance to the closest observed gamma ray burst GRB 980425
1.3 Ym – 137 million light-years – Distance to the Centaurus Cluster of galaxies, the nearest large supercluster
1.9 Ym – 201 million light-years – Diameter of the Local Supercluster
2.3 Ym – 225 to 250 million light-years – Distance light travels in vacuum in one galactic year
2.8 Ym – 296 million light-years – Distance to the Coma Cluster
3.2 Ym – 338 million light-years – Distance to the Stephan's Quintet
4.7 Ym – 496 million light-years – Length of the CfA2 Great Wall, one of the largest observed superstructures in the Universe
6.1 Ym – 645 million light-years – Distance to the Shapley Supercluster
9.5 Ym – 996 million light-years – Diameter of the Eridanus Supervoid
10 yottametres
The universe within one billion light-years of Earth
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Ym (1025 m or 1.1 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depends on the cosmological models used.
13 Ym – 1.37 billion light-years – Length of the South Pole Wall
13 Ym – 1.38 billion light-years – Length of the Sloan Great Wall
18 Ym – redshift 0.16 – 1.9 billion light-years – Distance to the quasar 3C 273 (light travel distance)
30.8568 Ym – 3.2616 billion light-years – 1 gigaparsec
31.2204106 Ym − 3.3 billion light-years − Length of The Giant Arc, a large cosmic structure discovered in 2021
33 Ym – 3.5 billion light-years – Maximum distance of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (light travel distance)
37.8 Ym – 4 billion light-years – Length of the Huge-LQG
75 Ym – redshift 0.95 – 8 billion light-years – Approximate distance to the supernova SN 2002dd in the Hubble Deep Field North (light travel distance)
85 Ym – redshift 1.6 – 9 billion light-years – Approximate distance to the gamma-ray burst GRB 990123 (light travel distance)
94.6 Ym – 10 billion light-years – Approximate distance to quasar OQ172
94.6 Ym – 10 billion light-years – Length of the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, one of the largest and most massive-known cosmic structures known
100 yottametres
To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Ym (1026 m or 11 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depend on the cosmological models used.
124 Ym – redshift 7.54 – 13.1 billion light-years – Light travel distance (LTD) to the quasar ULAS J1342+0928, the most distant-known quasar as of 2017
130 Ym – redshift 1,000 – 13.8 billion light-years – Distance (LTD) to the source of the cosmic microwave background radiation; radius of the observable universe measured as a LTD
260 Ym – 27.4 billion light-years – Diameter of the observable universe (double LTD)
440 Ym – 46 billion light-years – Radius of the universe measured as a comoving distance
590 Ym – 62 billion light-years – Cosmological event horizon: the largest comoving distance from which light will ever reach us (the observer) at any time in the future
886.48 Ym – 93.7 billion light-years – The diameter of the observable universe (twice the particle horizon); however, there might be unobserved distances that are even greater.
>1,000 Ym – >105.7 billion light-years – Size of universe beyond the cosmic light horizon, depending on its curvature; if the curvature is zero (i.e. the universe is spatially flat), the value can be infinite (see Shape of the universe) as previously mentioned
Notes
^The diameter of human hair ranges from 17 to 181 μm Ley, Brian (1999). Elert, Glenn (ed.). "Diameter of a human hair". The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
^ a bThe exact category (asteroid, dwarf planet, or planet) to which particular Solar System objects belong, has been subject to some revision since the discovery of extrasolar planets and trans-Neptunian objects
^10115 is 1 followed by 115 zeroes, or a googol multiplied by a quadrillion. 1010115 is 1 followed by a quadrillion googol zeroes. 101010122is 1 followed by 1010122 (a googolplex10 sextillion) zeroes.
^But not cloud or high-level fog droplets; droplet size increases with altitude. For a contradictory study indicating larger drop sizes even in ground fog, see Eldridge, Ralph G. (October 1961). "A Few Fog Drop-Size Distributions". Journal of Meteorology. 18 (5): 671–6. Bibcode:1961JAtS...18..671E. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1961)018<0671:AFFDSD>2.0.CO;2.
See also
List of examples of lengths
Fermi problem
Order of magnitude
Spatial scale
Scale (analytical tool)
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