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Кубок мира FIS по горнолыжному спорту - это ведущая международная трасса соревнований по горным лыжам , основанная в 1966 году группой друзей и экспертов по лыжным гонкам, в которую входил французский журналист Серж Ланг и руководители горнолыжных команд из Франции (Оноре Бонне) и США ( Боб Битти ). [1] Он был вскоре при поддержке Международной федерации лыжного спорта президент Марк Ходлером во время чемпионата мира по горнолыжному спорту 1966 в Портильо, Чили , и стал официальным мероприятием ФИС весны 1967 года после ФИС конгресса в Бейруте , Ливан. ВПервая лыжная гонка Кубка мира была проведена в Берхтесгадене , Западная Германия, 5 января 1967 года. Жан-Клод Килли из Франции и Нэнси Грин из Канады стали абсолютными победителями первых двух сезонов.

Правила [ править ]

Участники стремятся показать лучшее время в четырех дисциплинах: слалом , гигантский слалом , супергигант и скоростной спуск . Пятое соревнование, комбинированное , включает скоростной спуск и слалом. Первоначально чемпионат мира включал только слалом, гигантский слалом и скоростной спуск. Комбинированные соревнования (рассчитанные на основе результатов выбранных скоростных спусков и слаломных гонок) были включены, начиная с сезона 1974–75 , а Super G добавлялись в сезоне 1982–83 годов. Текущая система подсчета очков была внедрена в 1991–92 гг.время года. За каждую гонку очки присуждаются 30 лучшим финишерам: 100 очков победителю, 80 за второе, 60 за третье, затем 1 очко за 30-е место. Гонщик, набравший наибольшее количество очков по итогам сезона в середине марта, выигрывает Кубок, а трофей представляет собой 9-килограммовый хрустальный глобус. [2] Дополнительные призы также вручаются в каждой отдельной гоночной дисциплине, в том числе хрустальный глобус меньшего размера 3,5 кг. (Дополнительную информацию см. В разделе о системе подсчета баллов ниже.)

Кубок мира проводится ежегодно и считается главным соревнованием по горнолыжному спорту после зимних Олимпийских игр, проводимых раз в четыре года . Многие считают чемпионат мира более ценным титулом, чем Олимпийские игры или проводимые раз в два года чемпионаты мира , поскольку для этого от спортсмена требуется кататься на лыжах на чрезвычайно высоком уровне в нескольких дисциплинах в течение сезона, а не только в одной гонке. [3]

Гонки проводятся в основном на горнолыжных курортах в Альпах в Европе, с регулярными остановками в Скандинавии , Северной Америке и Восточной Азии, но несколько гонок также проводились в Южном полушарии. Соревнования Кубка мира проводились в 25 разных странах мира: Андорре, Аргентине, Австралии, Австрии, Боснии и Герцеговине, Болгарии, Канаде, Хорватии, Чехии, Финляндии, Франции, Германии, Италии , Японии, Новой Зеландии, Норвегии, Польша, Россия, Словакия, Словения, Южная Корея, Испания, Швеция, Швейцария и США. [4] (Обратите внимание, что все гонки Кубка мира, проводившиеся в Боснии, проводились, когда она еще была частью Югославии.)

Более низкие соревновательные схемы включают Кубок NorAm в Северной Америке и Кубок Европы в Европе.

Общие победители [ править ]

Несколько победителей Кубка мира в личном зачете отмечены знаком (#).

Названия дисциплин [ править ]

Топ-10 подиумов малых хрустальных глобусов [ править ]

  Все еще активен

Самые маленькие глобусы по дисциплине [ править ]

Комбинированный хрустальный глобус был официально вручен с 2007 по 2012 год. Однако учитываются титулы всех сезонов, как официальных, так и неофициальных. Рекорды для большинства титулов Кубка мира в каждой дисциплине следующие:

Названия мужских сезонов [ править ]

Most race wins in each discipline[edit]

As of 6 March 2021

Men[edit]

Ladies[edit]

Top World Cup hosts[edit]

Most successful race winners[edit]

A common measurement of how good individual skiers are is the total number of World Cup races won during their skiing career. The following skiers have won at least 20 World Cup races:

Most podiums and Top 10 results[edit]

As of 21 March 2021.[9][10]

  Still active

Career podiums[edit]

Career Top 10 results[edit]

  • Note: Only parallel events from (1975, 1997, 2011–2013, 2016) which count for overall ranking, included on this list, are considered as official individual World Cup victories.

Greatest alpine skiers of all time[edit]

Based on ski-database super ranking system (since 1966), this scoring system is calculated using points from three categories: Olympic Games, World Championships, and World Cup (overall titles, discipline titles and individual top 10 results).

Men's super ranking[edit]

Ladies' super ranking[edit]

last updated: 7 March 2021

Parallel slalom[edit]

Parallel slaloms from 1976 to 1991 counted for Nations Cup. Number of athletes are limitless. 32 in main competition. Qualifying introduced in 2017.

Men[edit]

Ladies[edit]

City event[edit]

Parallel city event is a version of parallel slalom where only Top16 ranked are allowed to compete. Length of the track and course/gates setting are also different from classic parallel slalom, and as of 2019/20 season, they are completely replaced with normal parallel races with qualification run.

Men[edit]

Ladies[edit]

Parallel giant slalom[edit]

Introduced by the International Ski Federation to the World Cup as a spectator-friendly event in late 2015, the parallel giant slalom competition, or shortened parallel-G, joining the parallel slalom, is intended to lure more speed specialists into the faster of the two technical disciplines, along with attracting their fans to watch the races at the venue, on-line, and on television.[11] The Federation has not indicated, as of early 2016, that they are fully committed to duplicating the effort, however, their long-term calendar shows that the plan is to return to Alta Badia twelve months after the inaugural event in December 2016, and then again, tentatively, through December 2018.[12] Few venues offer the slope and conditions required to host an extremely short Giant Slalom course that can be readily viewed in its entirety by a compact gallery of fans. Modified or not, the Federation has not suggested that they will push the format to lower-level tours like the NorAm and Europa Cup.

Format[edit]

The Chief Race Director of the inaugural event at Alta Badia, Markus Waldner, on 20 December 2015 stated that "great performances" and "head-to-head fights" between the best Giant Slalom racers is the goal of the competition. The course for the first race was very compact at about 20–22 seconds duration, or about one-third of a normal GS run, however, the pace and cadence will be the same as Giant Slalom, not standard Slalom. Gates were set at roughly the same distances as GS and on a slope of about the same pitch. The field of thirty-two were drawn following an "invitational" format. The top four men in the overall World Cup rankings were automatic invitees, if they chose to compete. Another sixteen racers were selected from the top of the current GS start list rankings, and the final twelve competitors were selected from the 1st run efforts at the standard GS event the day prior at the same venue. Overlapping qualifications allowed the sponsors to invite lower ranked participants to fill in gaps, as needed, and to replace individuals who declined to participate. Points were awarded and accumulated according to current standards for the race season in all relevant categories: the GS discipline, Overall and Nations Cup. The field was filled with thirty-two first round participants, each getting a run on either course. The best combined times moved the fastest racer to the second round through bracket preference protocols. From the second round, skiers the head-to-head competitions were held over one run only, with the faster skier from the previous round granted course selection between the 'red-right' or 'blue-left' course. At about one-third the time of a standard GS event, top performers/finalists were able to make multiple runs without the fatigue of a longer event. The course was methodically set with lasers, and a GPS-equipped Snowcat, to guarantee that both courses on the hill were as identical as possible to ensure equity and a fair competition. The Race Director suggested the difference between the two lanes were within "1–to–2 centimeters" tolerance of one another.

Events[edit]

Various records[edit]

NOTE: Only crystal globe awarded discipline officially counts as titles. And medal's awarded DH, GS, SL disciplines in seasons 1967–1977 as well. Combined crystal globe was officially awarded only in seasons 2007–2012.

World Cup timeline[edit]

Calendar[edit]

Last updated: 21 March 2021

Men's double winners[edit]

World Cup hosting countries

Ladies' triple winners[edit]

Ladies' double winners[edit]

20 wins and more in speed/technical events[edit]

All-event winners[edit]

Only a few racers have ever managed to win races in all five classic World Cup alpine skiing disciplines during their career, as listed in the table below. Marc Girardelli (1988–89), Petra Kronberger (1990–91), Janica Kostelić (2005–06) and Tina Maze (2012–13) are the only skiers to have won all five events in a single season. Bode Miller is the only skier with at least five World Cup victories in all five disciplines.

Men[edit]

Ladies[edit]

  • Mikaela Shiffrin is the only skier in history who has won in six different disciplines—i.e., aside from the classic five disciplines, she has also won in parallel slalom.

Most race wins in a single season[edit]

The following skiers have won at least 10 World Cup races in a single season (events not available in a given season are marked by NA):

World Cup scoring system[edit]

The World Cup scoring system is based on awarding a number of points for each place in a race, but the procedure for doing so and the often-arcane method used to calculate the annual champions has varied greatly over the years. Originally, points were awarded only to the top 10 finishers in each race, with 25 points for the winner, 20 for second, 15 for third, 11 for fourth, 8 for fifth, 6 for sixth, 4 for seventh, and then decreasing by 1 point for each lower place. To determine the winner for each discipline World Cup, only a racer's best 3 results would count, even though there would typically be 6–8 races in each discipline. For the overall Cup, the best three results in each discipline would be summed. Until 1970, also the results of Winter Olympic Games races and Alpine World Ski Championship races were included in the World Cup valuation (i.e. Grenoble 1968 and Val Gardena 1970); this was abandoned after 1970, mainly due to the limited number of racers per nation who are admitted to take part in these events. For the 1971–72 season, the number of results counted was increased to 5 in each discipline. The formula used to determine the overall winner varied almost every year over the next decade, with some seasons divided into two portions with a fixed number of results in each period counting towards the overall, while in other seasons the best 3 or 4 results in each discipline would count.

Starting with the 1979–80 season, points were awarded to the top 15 finishers in each race. After 1980–81, the formula for the overall title stabilized for several years, counting the best 5 results in the original disciplines (slalom, giant slalom, and downhill) plus the best 3 results in combined. When Super G events were introduced for the 1982–83 season, the results were included with giant slalom for the first three seasons, before a separate discipline Cup was awarded starting in 1985–86 and the top 3 Super G results were counted towards the overall. The formula for the overall was changed yet again the following season, with the top 4 results in each discipline counting, along with all combined results (although the combined was nearly eliminated from the schedule, reduced to only 1 or 2 events per season).

This perennial tweaking of the scoring formula was a source of ongoing uncertainty to the World Cup racers and to fans. The need for a complete overhaul of the scoring system had grown increasingly urgent with each successive year, and in 1987–88 the FIS decided to fully simplify the system: all results would now count in each discipline and in the overall. This new system was an immediate success, and the practice of counting all results has been maintained in every subsequent season. With the ongoing expansion of the number and quality of competitors in World Cup races over the years, a major change to the scoring system was implemented in the 1991–92 season. The top 30 finishers in each race would now earn points, with 100 for the winner, 80 for second, 60 for third, and then decreasing by smaller increments for each lower place. The point values were adjusted slightly the following season (to reduce the points for places 4th through 20th), and the scoring system has not been changed again since that year. The table below compares the point values under all five scoring systems which have been in use:

† NOTE: The scoring system changed during the 1978–79 season; this special system was used for the last 2 men's downhills and the last 3 races in every other discipline except combined.

Statistical analysis[edit]

Since the Top 30 scoring system was implemented in 1991–92., the number of completed men's or women's World Cup races each year has ranged from 30 to 44, so the maximum possible point total for an individual racer is about 3000–4400 under the current scoring system. However, very few racers actually ski in all events; for example, Bode Miller was "the only skier to have competed in every World Cup race"[25] during the three seasons from 2003–2005. The current record for total World Cup points in a season is Tina Maze's 2414 points in 2012–13, with the men's record of 2000 points set by Hermann Maier in 1999–2000. The fewest points for an overall champion under the current system thus far have been 1009 for men by Aksel Lund Svindal in 2008–09 and 1248 for women by Vreni Schneider in 1994–95. The largest margin of victory in the overall has been Maze's 1313 points in 2012–13, more than doubling second-place finisher Maria Höfl-Riesch's total, while the largest men's margin was 743 points by Hermann Maier in 2000–01. Note that in the early days of World Cup (when the first place was awarded only 25 points), even larger relative margins of victory were recorded in 1967 by Jean-Claude Killy with 225 points over Heinrich Messner with 114 points and in 1973–74 by Annemarie Moser-Pröll with 268 points over Monika Kaserer with 153 points. The closest finishes since 1992 have been minuscule margins of 6 points in 1994–95 (Vreni Schneider over Katja Seizinger), 3 points in 2004–05 (Anja Pärson over Janica Kostelić) and in 2010–11 (Maria Riesch over Lindsey Vonn), and only 2 points in 2008–09 (Aksel Lund Svindal over Benjamin Raich). The current men's record for total World Cup points in one month of the season is Ivica Kostelić's 999 points from January 2011.

The tables below contain a brief statistical analysis of the overall World Cup standings during the 21 seasons since the Top 30 scoring system was implemented in 1991–92. In general, over 1000 points are needed to contend for the overall title. At least 1 man and 1 woman has scored 1000 points in each of these seasons, but no more than 5 men's or women's racers have crossed that threshold in any single season. Of the 42 men's and women's overall champions in these years, 38 scored over 1200 points, 30 had over 1300 points, 19 reached 1500 points, and only 7 amassed more than 1700 points during their winning seasons. As for the runners-up, 37 of the 42 second-place finishers scored over 1000 points, 18 had over 1300 points, and only 4 reached 1500 points yet failed to win. Most overall titles have been won quite convincingly, by more than 200 points in 23 of 42 cases, while only 11 margins of victory have been tighter than 50 points.

World Cup Finals[edit]

Since 1993 the International Ski Federation (FIS) has hosted a World Cup Final at the end of each season in March. During five days, men's and women's races are held in four disciplines: slalom, giant slalom, Super G, and downhill, as well as a team event. Only a limited number of racers are invited to ski at the Finals, including the top 25 in the World Cup standings in each discipline, the current junior World Champions in each discipline, and any skiers with at least 500 points in the general classification. Because of the smaller field, World Cup points are only awarded to the top 15 finishers in each race.

Hosts of the World Cup Finals:

World Cup winners by country[edit]

The table below lists those nations which have won at least one World Cup race (current as of 21 March 2021).[29][30]

Alpine team event[edit]

Individual race wins are counted in this table, along with the nations team events held at World Cup Finals since 2006 (counts double as both men & women in mixed competition contribute to a win). The "parallel race" is a head-to-head slalom race format used occasionally from the 1970s through 1990s, and again in 2011. Team event wins are doubled (because on one team event race competed both women and men; so it's counted separately each for women and men). Results for West Germany and Germany are counted together in this table. All of Yugoslavia's wins are currently lumped in with Slovenia, since the skiers who won races for former Yugoslavia were all Slovenes from Slovenia (one of six Yugoslav Republics), and thus are listed under Slovenia in online databases. The Soviet Union and Russia are counted separately, as are Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic.

A total of 24 countries have won World Cup races, with 19 different countries winning men's races and 20 winning women's races. As expected, the top 10 nations in this list are the same as the 10 nations listed in the Nations Cup summary table (with slight changes in order).

Some interesting facts can be found in the data: Marc Girardelli accounted for all of Luxembourg's 46 wins, while Janica Kostelić has 30 of Croatia's 56 and her brother Ivica has the rest. Ingemar Stenmark still has nearly one-half of Sweden's 192 wins more than two decades after his retirement. Some nations specialize in either speed (downhill and Super G) or technical (slalom and GS) disciplines, while others are strong across the board. Among nations with 30+ wins, the Canadian team has won 73% of its races in speed events, while Yugoslavia/Slovenia has won 84% and Sweden 86% of their races in technical events, especially notable in Sweden's case given its large number of wins. Several nations with under 30 wins have 100% of them in technical events, led by Finland and Spain. In contrast Germany and Norway have the most even distribution without disproportionate strength or weakness in any one discipline. Some nations have strong teams in only one gender, as 92% of Norway's wins have come from their men and 83% of Germany's from their women, while the Swiss, French and Canadian totals are split almost equally.

Nations Cup[edit]

The Nations Cup standings are calculated by adding up all points each season for all racers from a given nation.

The early years of the World Cup, ‘67 through ‘72, were dominated by the French, as reflected in their Nations Cup wins in 5 of the first 6 years. The Austrian team then took over throughout the rest of the 1970s, followed by Swiss superiority during most of the 1980s. A resurgent Austrian team charged back to the top in 1988, beginning a long streak of consecutive Nations Cup triumphs. Austrian dominance reached its zenith in the late 1990s and 2000s (decade), when their points total regularly doubled that of the second-place finisher, and was capped in the 1999–2000 and 2003–4 seasons with totals that tripled those of runner-up Italy. Their 17927-point total in 1999–2000 is a Nations Cup record, as is their 12066-point margin of victory in 2003–4.

As of the end of the 2016–17 season, the Austrian team has won 30 consecutive Nations Cups, while topping the men's standings for 25 straight years. Austria is the only nation to have finished in the top 3 of the Nations Cup standings in all 50 years in which World Cup competition has been held, winning in 38 of those years, runner-up in 11 years, and third place in a single year. Austrian men have failed to make the podium in only one season: 1972. Austrian women have failed to make the podium in only 2 seasons: 1981 and 1982. Switzerland with 7 wins and France with 5 wins are the only other nations to have won the nations cup. In the midst of the ongoing Austrian juggernaut, the Swiss or Italian teams have usually held second place. The German team reached the runner-up spot for the first time in 1997–8, as did the Norwegians the next season. The US enjoyed its best placings ever starting in 2004–5, grabbing second in the Nations Cup for two straight years.

Under the current scoring system (since 1992), the winning nation (Austria every year) has averaged over 13000 points, with an average of over 6400 for the runner-up, 5400 for third place, 4200 for fifth, and 1300 for tenth. The all-inclusive scoring system (simply adding together all World Cup points earned) favors national teams with great depth and many racers scoring World Cup points, and even teams with several top racers have no realistic chance of breaking the Austrian grip on the top spot, while a team with only one or two top-ranked racers will struggle to ever break the top five in the standings. There have been numerous calls for a revamped scoring system which would allow other nations to compete more readily for top spots in the Nations Cup, but no changes are likely to be made.[31] In 2016, however, the Austrian men's team narrowly beat France by just 201 points.

The total number of top-three placings for each nation in the Nations Cup (through the 2020–21 season) are summarized below:

Note: Results for West Germany and Germany are counted together in this table.

Crystal globe[edit]

Since 1967, the big crystal globe has been awarded for the overall title. From the beginning to 1971–72, discipline titles were awarded with medals. Statistically, those titles have the same value as the small crystal globes, which first appeared for discipline titles in slalom, giant slalom and downhill in the 1977–78. In super-G, the small globe has been awarded since 1985–86. For super-g races in the three seasons previous, points were added and calculated in the giant slalom ranking. In combined, the small crystal globe was officially awarded only between 2007-2012. Before that, combined season winners could not officially be considered as season titles. In those years FIS simply calculated points from the other two races, DH and SL.

See also[edit]

  • Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics
  • FIS Alpine World Ski Championships

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lang, Serge (1986). 21 Years of World Cup Ski Racing. Johnson Books / James Wotton. ISBN 1-55566-009-6. Also available under ISBN 0-246-13116-0.
  2. ^ "FIS NewsFlash, Edition 72, April 26th, 2006". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
  3. ^ Lang, Patrick. "World Cup History: The FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup". Retrieved 14 December 2008.
  4. ^ "FIS: Complete Calendar of Alpine Ski World Cup Races". Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  5. ^ "Winter Sports Chart - Alpine Skiing". wintersport-charts.info. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  6. ^ "Downhill - Top ten racers since 1967". prussianmachine.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  7. ^ "Winter Sports Chart - Alpine Skiing". wintersport-charts.info. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  8. ^ "CUP STANDING ALPINE SKIING WORLD CUP 1976 MEN - COMBINED". fis-ski.com. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  9. ^ "COMPETITORS HAVING MORE THAN ONE PODIUM". fis-ski.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  10. ^ "COMPETITORS HAVING MORE THAN ONE TOP 10 POSITION - ALPINE SKIING MEN". fis-ski.com. Retrieved 4 February 2018.
  11. ^ "Parallel Giant Slalom Introduced". Archived from the original on 2015-12-23. Retrieved 2016-01-09.. International Ski Federation. 20 December 2015.
  12. ^ "FIS Long Term Calendar" (PDF).. International Ski Federation. as of December 2015.
  13. ^ Parallel GS Race Results Dec 2015. International Ski Federation. December 2015.
  14. ^ Parallel GS Results Ladder Dec 2015. International Ski Federation. December 2015.
  15. ^ Parallel GS Race Results Dec 2016. International Ski Federation. December 2016.
  16. ^ Parallel GS Results Ladder Dec 2016. International Ski Federation. December 2016.
  17. ^ "Alpine Skiing-World Cup Alta Badia men's parallel giant slalom results". The Economic Times. 19 December 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  18. ^ a b Parallel GS Race Results Dec 2018. International Ski Federation. December 2018.
  19. ^ Parallel GS Results Ladder Dec 2018. International Ski Federation. December 2018.
  20. ^ Parallel GS Results Ladder Dec 2019. International Ski Federation. December 2019.
  21. ^ Parallel GS Results Chamonix 2020. International Ski Federation. February 2020.
  22. ^ Parallel GS Results Lech/Zürs 2020. International Ski Federation. November 2020.
  23. ^ Parallel GS Results Ladies Sestriere 2020. International Ski Federation. January 2020.
  24. ^ Parallel GS Results Ladies Lech/Zürs 2020. International Ski Federation. November 2020.
  25. ^ Bulman, Erica (2005-10-22). "World Cup Skiing: Miller pushes limits on slopes despite desire". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  26. ^ FIS (6 March 2020). "FIS Alpine Ski World Cup Finals in Cortina Cancelled". US Ski and Snowboard. Retrieved 20 March 2021. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
  27. ^ FIS Alpine Ski World Cup Long Term Calendar
  28. ^ Andorra will host the 2023 Alpine Ski World Cup Finals
  29. ^ "World Cup Men's Races, Team Stats". Ski-db.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
  30. ^ "World Cup Women's Races, Team Stats". Ski-db.com. Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
  31. ^ "Black Diamonds: Nations Cup more than half empty". Ski Racing. Retrieved 2007-02-21.

External links[edit]

Media related to FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup at Wikimedia Commons

  • FisAlpine.com FIS Alpine World Cup – Official website
  • SkiWorldCup.org – History of the World Cup – by Serge Lang (see also ISHA: History of the World Cup)
  • FIS-ski.com – official results for FIS alpine World Cup events
  • Ski-db.com – World Cup results database
  • Alpine Canada Alpin/Canadian Alpine Ski Team
  • U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association
  • U.S. Ski Team
  • Podium places in the World Cup Women TOP 150
  • Podium places in the World Cup Men TOP 150