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Brick Renaissance is the Northern European continuation of brick architecture after Brick Romanesque and Brick Gothic. Although the term Brick Gothic is often used generally for all of this architecture, especially in regard to the Hanseatic cities of the Baltic, the stylistic changes that led to the end of Gothic architecture did reach Northern Germany and northern Europe with delay, leading to the adoption of Renaissance elements into brick building. Nonetheless, it is very difficult for non-experts to distinguish transitional phases or early Brick Renaissance, as the style maintained many typical features of Brick Gothic, such as stepped gables. A clearer distinction only developed at the transition to Baroque architecture. In Lübeck, for example, Brick Renaissance is clearly recognisable in buildings equipped with terracotta reliefs by the artist Statius von Düren, who was also active at Schwerin (Schwerin Castle) and Wismar (Fürstenhof).

More clearly recognisable as Renaissance are brick buildings strongly influenced by the Dutch Renaissance style, such as Reinbek Castle at Reinbek near Hamburg, the Zeughaus at Lübeck, or Friedrichstadt in Schleswig-Holstein.

Belarus[edit]

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
MirMir Castle15th-16th centuryLate 16th century additions to Gothic structure
Belarus-Mir-Castle-8 cropped.jpg

Denmark[edit]

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
CopenhagenBørsen1619–1640Dutch Renaissance style (architects Hans and Lorents van Steenwinckel) renaissance
Børsen København.jpg
Rosenborg Castle1606–1624Built in the Dutch Renaissance style by Architects Bertel Lange and Hans van Steenwinckel
Rosenborg Slot.jpg
HillerødFrederiksborg Palace1602–1620Dutch Renaissance style (architects Hans and Lorents van Steenwinckel)
FrbSlotkirkefløjen15.jpg

Germany[edit]

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
FriedrichstadtMarket Squareearly 17th centuryPlastered brick
LübeckMühlentor1550s (model)
Schiffergesellschaft1535–1538
Zeughaus1594
ReinbekCastle1572–1576

Italy[edit]

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
FerraraCastello Estense1385–1450, early 16th centuryThe castle essentially presents the appearance given to it by Girolamo da Carpi in the second half of the 16th century
MilanCastello Sforzesco14th century, 1450

Lithuania[edit]

Town/cityBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
VytėnaiPanemunė Castle1604–1610
RaudondvarisRaudondvaris Castle16th century, 1615Rebuilt 1653–1664
SiesikaiSiesikai Castlec. 1517
JonavaSt. Anne's Church in Skaruliaic. 1622

Poland[edit]

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
BrochówFortified church1551–1561, 1596Gothic-renaissance church established by Jan Brochowski and his family as a three-nave church with three side towers
BydgoszczChurch of the Assumption of Mary1582–1645
GdańskGreen Gate1564–1568Example of the Flemish mannerism in the city inspired by the Antwerp City Hall (architect Regnier van Amsterdam)[1]
Old Arsenal1602–1605Built in Dutch/Flemish mannerism by Anthonis van Obbergen, Jan Strakowski and Abraham van den Blocke[2]
GołąbChurch of St. Catherine and St. Florian1628–1638Polish mannerism style
GrocholinFortified manor house16th centuryBuilt for Wojciech Baranowski, is a rare example of defense housing architecture in northern Poland[3]
Piotrków TrybunalskiRoyal Castle1512–1519Gothic-renaissance
PłockPłock Cathedral Dome1531–1534Romanesque cathedral, rebuilt several times
PułtuskCollegiate Church Pułtusk vault1551–1556Renaissance frescoes on the vault cover more than 1000 square meters in total[4] (brick church built between 1449 and the first half of the 16th century)
SandomierzTown Hall14th centuryRebuilt in the renaissance style in the 16th century
SupraślOrthodox Monastery
- Church of the Annunciation		1503–1511Gothic-renaissance, destroyed in 1944 by retreating German army,[5] rebuilt since 1985
TarnówMikołajowski House15th centuryRebuilt in the renaissance style in 1524
Town Hall14th centuryRebuilt in the renaissance style in the 16th century
ZamośćZamość Fortress1579–1618

Sweden[edit]

PlaceBuildingMain period of constructionSpecial featuresImage
KristianstadHoly Trinity Church (Swedish: Helga Trefaldighetskyrkan)1617–1628The city of Kristianstad was founded by king Christian IV of Denmark in 1614 at a time when Scania was part of the Kingdom of Denmark (until 1658).
MariefredGripsholm Castle1537–Built on the site of a medieval castle, which is partly preserved in the current castle.
StockholmSwedish House of Nobility (Swedish: Riddarhuset)1641–1675The building is more or less unchanged since its construction.
Trolle LjungbyTrolle Ljungby Castle1620s–1630sThe castle was mainly constructed when Scania was part of the Kingdom of Denmark (until 1658).

References[edit]

  1. ^ Juliette Roding; Lex Heerma van Voss (1996). The North Sea and culture (1550–1800): proceedings of the international conference held at Leiden 21–22 April 1995. Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 103. ISBN 90-6550-527-X.
  2. ^ Lech Krzyżanowski; Michał Wożniak; Marek Źak; Wacław Górski (1995). Beautiful historic Gdańsk. Excalibur. p. 769.
  3. ^ "Historia". www.grocholin.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  4. ^ Paweł Giergoń. "Pułtusk Kolegiata p.w. Zwiastowania NMP". www.sztuka.net (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2011-10-03. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  5. ^ "Geschichte". www.monaster-suprasl.pl (in German). Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved 2009-12-17.