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28 июня 2018 года произошла массовая стрельба в офисе The Capital , газеты, обслуживающей Аннаполис, штат Мэриленд . Бандит Джаррод Рамос застрелил пятерых сотрудников из дробовика ; двое других получили ранения при попытке к бегству. Вскоре после этого Рамос был арестован. [2] Он признал себя виновным по 23 пунктам обвинения и в настоящее время находится в заключении в ожидании суда по делу о стрельбе. [3]

В 2011 году газета опубликовала статью о том, что Рамос получил условный срок за преследование своего школьного знакомого через социальные сети и электронную почту. Рамос, возмущенный статьей, подал иск о клевете против The Capital, но позже судья отклонил иск. Рамос якобы отправлял в редакцию газеты разъяренные письма и сообщения с угрозами нападения на офис и его сотрудников, но после получения угроз не было предпринято никаких юридических действий. [4]

Capital Gazette Communications , принадлежащие Tribune Publishing через дочернее предприятие Baltimore Sun Media Group , издает ежедневную Столицу и Мэриленд Gazette газеты и еженедельники Bowie Блейд-Новости и Crofton -West County Gazette . Его офисы располагались по адресу 888 Bestgate Road in Parole , некорпоративный район округа Энн Арундел недалеко от Аннаполиса (географическое название, присвоенное почтовой службой США адресам в этом районе). [5] [6]

Инцидент [ править ]

Около 14:34 ( восточноевропейское время ) отделение полиции округа Анн-Арундел сообщило, что началась стрельба, в результате которой пять человек погибли и еще несколько человек получили ранения. [7] Перед стрельбой преступник забаррикадировал задний выход из офиса, чтобы не дать людям сбежать. [8] Источники сообщили, что это было «длинное ружье», которое позже будет описано как помповое ружье Mossberg 500 12-го калибра . [9] [10] [8] Позже полиция сообщила, что длинное ружье было куплено легально в течение восемнадцати месяцев до стрельбы. [11]

Бандит неоднократно стрелял из оружия после того, как выстрелил в стеклянную дверь офиса. Фил Дэвис, судебный и криминальный репортер на месте стрельбы для The Capital , написал в Твиттере, что преступник «выстрелил через стеклянную дверь в офис и открыл огонь по нескольким сотрудникам». [12] Дэвис также описал офисы газет как «зону боевых действий» после перестрелки и описал, как он слышал перезарядку бандита. [5] Он сказал, что стрелявший был один. [13]

Во время перерыва в перестрелке выжившие укрылись между картотечными шкафами; Венди Винтерс столкнулась с преступником, вызвав паузу. [14] [15] Винтерс обвинила бандита с мусорным ведром и мусорным ведром, крича на него, отвлекая его на достаточно долгое время, чтобы выжившие смогли сбежать, прежде чем она была убита. [16] [15]

Несколько раненых были отправлены на лечение в Медицинский центр Анны Арундел . [7] [17] Окружная полиция эвакуировала 170 человек из здания в центр воссоединения, созданный в соседнем торговом центре Westfield Annapolis . [18] [19] Полиция, как сообщается, дала ответ в течение одной минуты и опросила выживших в отделении уголовных расследований полицейского управления округа Анн Арундел. [20] Полиция обнаружила подозреваемого под столом в офисе, а наблюдение в офисе задокументировало инцидент и помогло идентифицировать Рамоса как преступника. [21]

Обвинительный акт был вынесен 20 июля 2018 года и включал пять пунктов обвинения в убийстве первой степени, один пункт обвинения в покушении на убийство первой степени, шесть пунктов обвинения в нападении и 11 пунктов обвинения в применении огнестрельного оружия при совершении преступления. уголовное преступление. [22]

Жертвы [ править ]

В результате нападения пять человек погибли и двое получили ранения. [2] Среди убитых были:

  • Джеральд Фишман, возраст 61, колумнист и редакционная страница редактор для The Capital . [23]
  • Роб Хиасен , 59 лет, помощник редактора и обозреватель по выходным в The Capital. [24]
  • Джон Макнамара, возраст 56, спортивный репортер для The Capital [25] и редактор и первичный репортер The Bowie лезвию-News [26]
  • Ребекка Смит, 34 года, продавец, которая только начала работать в Capital Gazette Communications [12] [27]
  • Венди Уинтерс, 65 лет, репортер сообщества и редактор специальных публикаций The Capital [28]

По данным Комитета по защите журналистов , стрельба в Capital Gazette была одним из двух инцидентов, в которых несколько журналистов были убиты в Соединенных Штатах с тех пор, как организация начала собирать данные в 1992 году. Другим инцидентом стало убийство Элисон Паркер и Адама Уорда во время Интервью в прямом эфире в 2015 году. [29]

Преступник [ править ]

Джаррод Уоррен Рамос [30] [31] [2] (родился 21 декабря 1979 г.), 38 лет, был задержан полицией и взят под стражу в качестве подозреваемого, но отказался назвать себя. [18] [32] В ранних сообщениях говорилось, что преступник искалечил себе кончики пальцев, чтобы избежать опознания, [33] [34] но представитель правоохранительных органов позже заявил, что проблема с дактилоскопической машиной вызвала трудности в идентификации подозреваемого, кончики его пальцев не были изуродованы. [35] Подозреваемый также нес рюкзак с дымовыми шашками, световыми гранатами и гранатами. [18]Позже полиция объявила, что нападение было направлено именно на Capital Gazette Communications. [36] [37]

В материалах суда Рамос заявил, что он видел пятерых специалистов в области психического здоровья не менее 75 посещений до стрельбы и неоднократно высказывал угрозы. [38] Многие из тех, кто был рядом с Рамосом, считали его расчетливым, склонным к манипуляциям одиночкой, который рассердился бы, когда дела пойдут не так, как ему хотелось бы, а те, кого он коснулся, были уверены, что однажды он кого-нибудь обидит. [39] Никто из ближайших родственников Рамоса не ответил на просьбу о комментариях, а другие родственники заявили, что не контактировали с ним в течение нескольких лет. [40]

Предыдущий спор с газетой [ править ]

В 2012 году Рамос подал в суд на The Capital по делу о клевете, которое он возбудил в газетной статье 2011 года, в которой сообщалось о его признании вины в уголовном преследовании . [31] [41] После нескольких апелляций Рамоса дело о диффамации против газеты было прекращено в 2015 году судьей окружного суда округа Принс-Джордж Морин М. Ламасни, которая вынесла решение в пользу газеты, поскольку их репортажи основывались на общедоступных записях. Рамос не представил доказательств того, что статья была неточной. [41] Ламасни написала в своем заключении суда, что жалоба Рамоса была «фундаментальным непониманием того, что такое закон о диффамации, и, в частности, чем закон о диффамации не является».[41]

Бывший редактор и издатель Capital Томас Марквардт сказал, что Рамос начал преследовать сотрудников газеты после того, как статья о нем была опубликована в 2011 году. [31] В 2013 году Марквардт связался с полицейским управлением округа Анн Арундел по поводу поведения Рамоса, но департамент не стал преследовать его. Отчет. [31] Марквардт также проконсультировался с поверенными газеты по поводу подачи запретительного судебного приказа против Рамоса и вспомнил, как сказал им: «Это парень, который собирается войти и застрелить нас». [31] После того, как его иск против газеты был отклонен, Рамос открыл аккаунт в Твиттере , который использовал для нападок на газету и насмешек над ее владельцами и сотрудниками. [31] [42]Бывший старший специалист ФБР предположил, что Рамос был «сборщиком несправедливостей», которого она описала как «человека, который проходит всю жизнь ... собирает несправедливости, реальные или воображаемые». [43]

Сообщается, что Рамос ранее отправлял письма с угрозами бывшему поверенному газеты, в Специальный апелляционный суд Мэриленда и Чарльзу Мойлану-младшему, апелляционному судье, который вынес решение против Рамоса по его делу о диффамации. [44]

Другие иски [ править ]

Использование Рамосом системы правосудия в качестве попытки добиться своего было замечено как минимум в двух других случаях. Когда его уволили с работы в Бюро статистики труда по «соображениям пригодности», он подал в суд на агентство и выиграл дело, но все же был уволен из агентства. В 2009 году бывший одноклассник отменил судебный приказ (используемый для предотвращения контактов между людьми), за которым последовали обвинения в домогательстве, которые он проиграл. [39] В показаниях под присягой жертва домогательств написала: «Я физически боюсь г-на Рамоса, и что он может причинить мне серьезные телесные повреждения и / или смерть». [40]

Письма от 28 июня 2018 г. [ править ]

В четверг, 28 июня, полиция сообщила, что Рамос разослал письма трем людям, участвовавшим в его иске о клевете, а бывший поверенный The Capital получил пакет, в котором было письмо на имя судьи Мойлана, который написал мнение, подтверждающее увольнение. его дела о диффамации. В нем он написал: «Добро пожаловать, мистер Мойлан, в ваше неожиданное наследие: ВЫ должны были умереть ... Друзья навсегда, Джаррод В. Рамос». [40] Продолжение письма; «Я также подтверждаю, что тогда я действительно направился в офис ответчика Capital-Gazette Communications ... с целью убить всех присутствующих». [45] Одно из писем, которое предположительно было написано подозреваемым, было опубликовано другими новостными источниками.

Guilty plea and pending trial[edit]

In July 2018, Jarrod Ramos was indicted on 23 counts by Anne Arundel County prosecutors.[46] Ramos was charged with five counts of first-degree murder; one count of attempted first-degree murder, for shooting at photographer Paul Gillespie; six counts of first-degree assault related to the attacks on Gillespie, staff writers Selene San Felice, Phil Davis, and Rachael Pacella, reporting intern Anthony Messenger, and sales associate Janel Cooley; and 11 counts of using a firearm in the commission of a felony or violent crime.[22][47] He was ordered to be held without bail after he was determined to be a flight risk and a danger to the community,[21] and was placed on suicide watch while in custody of law enforcement.[48]

On August 20, 2018, Ramos pleaded not guilty to all charges.[49] On April 29, 2019, Ramos entered a plea of not guilty and not criminally responsible, and the judge ordered that he be evaluated by the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.[50] At a pretrial hearing held on October 21, 2019 the judge ruled that based on the Health Department's report, Ramos is legally sane and can be held criminally responsible for his actions and his pending trial should proceed.[51][52] The following week, Ramos pleaded guilty but not responsible by reason of insanity to all 23 counts.[53][3][54] Since he pleaded not criminally responsible, the remaining legal issue is whether Ramos is legally responsible for the multiple murders.[53][55][56][57]

A trial date was delayed several times due to the large quantity of evidence, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the reassignment of a judge.[58][47][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] The trial is currently set to begin June 23, 2021 and last three weeks.[66]

Reactions[edit]

Law enforcement in other locations[edit]

Police were also sent to the offices of The Baltimore Sun, which owns Capital Gazette Communications,[13] as a precaution, although no threat was registered there.[5] The New York City Police Department also deployed counter-terrorism units to the headquarters of major news outlets in New York City as a precaution against similar attacks.[67] The Chicago Police Department took similar actions.[68]

Political[edit]

President Donald Trump was briefed on the shooting and offered his thoughts and prayers by tweet.[69] He later declined to lower US flags to half-staff, as is custom for mass shootings, despite requests from Annapolis mayor Gavin Buckley and the lowering of Maryland flags by the Governor of Maryland, Larry Hogan.[70] On July 3, the White House was reported to have permitted the lowering of the US flags on federal buildings for the day, with the President then issuing a proclamation for the flags to be lowered nationwide until sunset on July 3.[71]

Some commentators have called the shooting an attack on the media, and framed it alongside comments by Trump that the "fake news media" (The New York Times, The Washington Post, ABC, CBS, CNN, NBC News) are the "enemy of the people".[72][73] A Reuters journalist apologized for his comments blaming Trump. Reuters said it did not condone his behavior.[74] The Sunday after the shooting, the staff of the Capital Gazette wrote: "We won't forget being called an enemy of the people."[75]

Days before, right-wing commentator Milo Yiannopoulos wrote that he "can't wait for vigilante squads to start gunning journalists down on sight" in text messages to reporters. After the shooting, Yiannopoulos said the texts were just a joke.[76][77]

On Reason.com, Elizabeth Nolan Brown criticized the media response to the shooting, pointing out that "[Ramos'] motive doesn't seem related to any of the political agendas offered up in the immediate aftermath by hacks and provocateurs," and that the shooter's anger against the newspaper derived from a personal grudge rather than political motivations.[78] Similarly, the Franklin Daily Journal wrote "the shooting had nothing to do with Trump or his ongoing battle with the press [...] the crisis in Maryland allowed people to criticize political opponents who had nothing to do with the actual events."[79]

Governor Hogan tweeted that he was "[a]bsolutely devastated to learn of this tragedy in Annapolis," and asked residents to "heed all warnings and stay away from the area."[5][80] In a press conference, he praised local law enforcement for responding within 60 seconds.[18]

In March and April 2019, the Maryland General Assembly voted unanimously to designate June 28 "Freedom of the Press Day" in honor of the victims.[81][82][83]

Journalism[edit]

After the shooting, Justin Dearborn, the chairman and CEO of Tronc, said: "We are focused now on providing our employees and their families with support during this tragic time. We commend the police and first responders for their quick response."[84] The owner of the Capital Gazette created a fund for the families, victims, and survivors of the shooting, in addition to a scholarship memorial fund for journalism students.[85] A separate GoFundMe fundraiser, created by a Bloomberg Government reporter hit the initial target and has grown to almost $200,000 by July 1.[86]

Reporters for The Capital and Gazette began coverage of the shooting as it happened, from the newsroom and while returning from the field. Despite the shooting, journalists and staff at The Capital insisted on putting out the next edition of their paper only hours after the fatal shootings.[87] The edition's opinion page was left blank to commemorate the victims, with the exception of a small note stating that the staff members "are speechless."[88]

The Capital published an editorial on July 1, 2018, signed by its entire staff of reporters and editors, thanking the citizens of Annapolis and Anne Arundel County for their support following the shooting.[89]

In December 2018, the staff of Capital Gazette Communications was selected as a recipient of Time's Person of the Year 2018, as one of "The Guardians," a collection of journalists from around the world in their fight for the "War on Truth."[90]

On April 2, 2019, the News Leaders Association selected the staff of the Capital Gazette and The Baltimore Sun as the winners of the Al Neuharth Breaking News Reporting Award for their coverage of the shootings. The Capital Gazette staff were also named as finalists for the Burl Osborne Award for Editorial Leadership - Small, and the Visual Journalism Award - Small.[91][92]

The Capital was awarded a Pulitzer Prize Special Citation on April 15, 2019, to "...honor the journalists, staff and editorial board of the Capital Gazette, Annapolis, Maryland, for their courageous response to the largest killing of journalists in U.S. history in their newsroom on June 28, 2018, and for demonstrating unflagging commitment to covering the news and serving their community at a time of unspeakable grief."[93][94] The citation also included a $100,000 bequest "to further the newspaper's journalistic mission,"[95] and the editorial staff were named as finalists for the Pulitzer Prize in Editorial Writing.[96]

Vigils and memorials[edit]

Colleagues, friends, and family members of the deceased victims held a candlelit vigil on the streets of Annapolis on June 29, to honor the deceased. Capital Gazette reporter Phil Davis read the names of the deceased, and told the crowds that they were here "to honor who (the victims) were and what their families did not have to go through."[97]

Annapolis mayor Gavin Buckley announced that the city planned to hold a summer music festival that will act as a celebration of the freedom of the press and as a memorial for the journalists who were killed.[98] The concert was held on July 28, 2018, under the title Annapolis Rising: A Benefit for The Capital Gazette and Free Press. The event featured performances by the rock bands Good Charlotte and Less Than Jake, a presentation by comedian Jordan Klepper, and a speech by Washington Post editor-in-chief Martin Baron.[99] Proceeds from this event will be used to benefit a fund established for the victims and survivors, as well as journalism scholarships.[100]

In July 2018, the equipment manager of the Washington Capitals, the 2018 Stanley Cup champions, brought the Stanley Cup to the Capital Gazette's temporary office to boost the employees' morale.[101][102]

In December 2020, Wendi Winters, who rushed the shooter and was credited with saving the lives of her colleagues by allowing them time to escape, was posthumously awarded the Carnegie Medal by the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission.[15]

Physical memorial sites[edit]

Nearly one year after the shooting, Tribune Publishing Chairman David Dreier established the Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation (FJM Foundation), which aims to construct a memorial in Washington, D.C. to honor journalists who have lost their lives in pursuit of the truth.[103] Congress unanimously passed the Fallen Journalists Memorial Act in December 2020.[104] In the same month, President Donald Trump signed the act into law, authorizing the FJM Foundation to establish a commemorative work honoring fallen journalists.[105]

A memorial to the five murdered Capital Gazette staffers, entitled Guardians of Free Speech, is set to be unveiled in Newman Park in Annapolis in June 2021, on the third anniversary of the shooting; the memorial will consist of five pillars and a stone with an engraving of the text of the First Amendment.[15][106]

See also[edit]

  • Charlie Hebdo shooting
  • Aberdeen, Maryland shooting
  • Mass shootings in the United States
  • List of journalists killed in the United States
  • Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

  • Jarrod W. Ramos v. Eric Thomas Hartley, et al. Unreported in the Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, No. 2281, September Term, 2013
  • NPR Podcast episode 1: Capital Gazette: "A Damn Paper"
  • NPR Podcast episode 2: Capital Gazette: "It's OK That We're Alive"
  • NPR Podcast episode 3: Capital Gazette: "I Know He Did It"
  • NPR Podcast episode 4: Capital Gazette: "We Are The Newsroom"