School uniforms in Japan

The Japanese school uniform is modeled in appearance similar to that of the European-style naval uniforms. It was first used in Japan in the late 19th century, replacing the traditional kimono.^[1] Today, school uniforms are common in many of the Japanese public and private school systems. The Japanese word for this type of uniform is seifuku (制服).

The majority of Japan's junior high and high schools require students to wear uniforms. The Japanese school uniform is not only a symbol of youth but also plays an important role in the country's culture, as they are felt to help instill a sense of discipline and community among youth. There are many types of uniforms that range from standard to unique ones varying in the ensembles used.

Originally students just wore standard everyday clothes to school; kimono for female students, with hakama for male students. During the Meiji period, students began to wear uniforms modelled after Western dress.^[2]

Initially, in the 1880s, female students wore Western dress, but this was rather impractical.^[4] Utako Shimoda (1854–1936), a women's activist, educator and dress reformer, found traditional kimono to be too restrictive, preventing women and girls from moving and taking part in physical activities, harming their health. While western dress was being adopted at the time, she also believed corsets to be restrictive and harmful to women's health.^[3] Utako Shimoda had worked as lady-in-waiting to Empress Shōken from 1871 to 1879.^[5] She adapted the clothing worn by ladies-in-waiting at the Japanese imperial court, which included hakama, to make a uniform for her Jissen Women's School. During the Meiji period (1868–1912) and the following Taishō period (1912–1926), other women's schools also adopted the hakama.^[3] It became standard wear for high schools in Japan,^[4] and is still worn by many women to their university graduations.

During the Taishō period, male students began to wear gakuran (matching black trousers and a tunic with a standing collar and five gold buttons, and geta). These, apart from the footwear, are still worn today.^[2]

Тогда была мода на военно-морскую форму в европейском стиле, которая по-японски называлась серафуку , и впервые появилась в 1920 году. Идея была взята из уменьшенных в размерах матросских костюмов, которые носили дети из королевских европейских семей. Его было относительно легко шить, и поэтому он был легко принят в стране. Говоря об униформе младших и старших классов средней школы, традиционная одежда была взята из периода Мэйдзи и состояла из военной формы для мальчиков и матросской одежды для девочек. После этого многие школы приняли католическую униформу, более западного образца. ^[2] Девочки начали носить белые блузки с галстуками, блейзеры со школьными гербами и юбки. Мальчики также носили белые рубашки с галстуками, блейзеры и сшитые на заказ брюки. В школах Японии нет раздевалок, предназначенных только для мужчин и женщин; таким образом, переодеться из школьной формы в спортивную довольно сложно. В результате большинство учеников носят спортивную форму под школьной формой. Некоторые школы очень требовательны к прическам и обуви. Традиционно школьную форму носили вне школы. ^{[ нужна цитата ]}

Косплеер в Гакуране

Культура Когал : японские школьницы в коротких юбках и свободных носках .