Мухафаза Аль-Бурайми

Мухафаза Аль-Бурайми مُحَافَظَة ٱلْبُرَيْمِي
Пограничный контроль с Аль-Айном по состоянию на конец 2006 г.
Мухафаза Аль-Бурайми Расположение в Омане
Координаты: 24 ° 15'N 55 ° 47'E / 24.250°N 55.783°E / 24.250; 55.783 Координаты : 24 ° 15'N 55 ° 47'E.  / 24.250°N 55.783°E / 24.250; 55.783
Страна	Оман
Столица	Аль-Бурайми
Население (2017)
• Общее	115 000

Эль-Бурайми ( арабский : محافظة ٱلبريمي , латинизируется :  Muhafazat Al-Бурейми ) является губернаторство из Омана , который был откололась от Ad Dhahirah области. До октября 2006 года этот район был частью региона Ад-Дахира. В это время новая мухафаза была создана из вилаятов ( провинций ) Аль-Бурайми и Махда . Третий вилаят , Ас-Сунайна , был создан из двух частей.

Город Аль-Бурайми - город-оазис на северо-западе Омана, на границе с Объединенными Арабскими Эмиратами . Соседний город на стороне границы с ОАЭ - Аль-Айн . Оба поселения являются частью исторического района Тавам ^[1] или оазиса Аль-Бурайми . ^{[2] В} течение многих десятилетий между Аль-Бурайми, расположенным в Омане, и Аль-Айном была открытая граница. Начиная с 16 сентября 2006 года, эта граница была перенесена в район вокруг Хилли, который находится примерно в 8 км (5,0 миль) от традиционной открытой границы. Традиционная граница возле города Аль-Айн теперь закрыта для всех, кроме тех, у кого есть действующие визы ( GCCгражданам визы не требуется). ^{[ необходима цитата ]}

География [ править ]

Джебель-Хафит , который провинция делит с ОАЭ, вид с форта Мезяд в соседнем городе Аль-Айн в ОАЭ

Помимо того, что оба находятся в районе Западных гор Хаджар , ^{[3] [4]} окружающий ландшафт Аль-Бурайми отличается от ландшафта Аль-Айна, состоящего в основном из широких открытых гравийных равнин и острых выступающих скал (Сухарская пропасть к востоку от поселка Бурайми является примером этого), деревья Samr ( Acacia spp. ) и Ghaf ( Prosopis cineraria ) довольно распространены на этих гравийных равнинах.

Аль-Бурайми значительно меньше соседнего города Аль-Айн и заметно менее богат. Улицы в Аль-Бурайми не названы, и застройку можно рассматривать как «частичную», поскольку большие виллы часто появляются в нескольких метрах от дорог, а пешеходные дорожки не проходят вдали от главных улиц. ^{[ необходима цитата ]}

Климат [ править ]

В Аль-Бурайми жаркий климат пустыни ( классификация климатов Кеппена : BWh ).

Habitational system[edit]

Before the relocation of the border it was fairly common for expatriates from Al-Ain to rent villas and apartments as they were roughly 50% of the cost of an equivalent villa/apartment in Al-Ain. However, the change in border policy has led many of these expatriates to relocate to Al-Ain due to long waiting times at the border checkpoints during peak traffic hours.^{[citation needed]}

Transportation[edit]

Transport in and around Al-Buraimi is by taxis, which like the majority of taxis in Oman are coloured orange and white. Drivers accept payment in both Omani Riyals and United Arab Emirate Dirhams, a trip within the township of Al-Buraimi will generally cost no more than 5 AED/0.5 OMR to 1.5 OMR. A trip to Mahdha may cost over 50 AED / 5 to 10 OMR.^{[citation needed]}

Buraimi lies on a bus route from Dubai to Muscat.^[6]

Culture[edit]

Al-Buraimi, like the rest of Oman, features many historic forts in varying condition. The largest mosque in Al-Buraimi is the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, named after the Sultan, Qaboos bin Said al Said.^[7][8] There are ruins of ancient hovels and a fort in Al-Buraimi.^{[citation needed]}

History and prehistory[edit]

Being in the region of the Western Hajar,^[3][4] the area of Al-Buraimi and Al-Ain, traditionally referred to as 'Tawam', is of historical and cultural importance.^[9][10] It is demonstrated to have been inhabited as far back as the Hafit period of the early Bronze Age,^[11] and according to one author, an oasis in this region and Al-Hasa in Saudi Arabia are the most important in the Arabian Peninsula.^[12]

Al-Buraimi was part of Oman from early historical times. From around 600 CE, the Azdi tribes of Oman occupied the area. Then Al-Buraimi town was abandoned in the 700s. The area witnessed events relevant to the history of Islam during the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid eras.^[13] The area had come under the rule of the Wajihid Dynasty in the 9th century CE.^[10] Al Nuaimi tribe, the original people of the town, rebuilt and ruled it in the 1800s to the 1950s. It had only two rulers, Sheikh Sulṭan bin Mohamed bin Ali Al-Hamood Al Qurtasi Al Naimi, then Sheikh Saqer bin Sulṭan bin Moḥammed Al Hamood Al Qurtasi Al Naimi. The late president of the United Arab Emirates, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, was known to have been brought from Abu Dhabi to Al-Ain by his mother, Shaikhah Salaamah, following the assassination of his father Sultan bin Zayed in 1927.^[1][2][14] Zayed was raised in a fortified house in the Muwaiji district of Al-Ain. Since 1761, Abu Dhabi was ruled by sheikhs of Al Abu Falah dynasty.^[15]

The Buraimi Dispute[edit]

The community of Al-Buraimi is probably best known as the result of an incident known as the "Buraimi Dispute", an episode that contributed to the claims of those who see Zayed as the most astute leader in the region during that time.^[16] The Buraimi Dispute arose from Saudi Arabia's claim, first made in 1949, of sovereignty over a large part of Abu Dhabi territory where oil was suspected to be present and an area in a 20 miles (32 km) circle around the centre of the Buraimi Oasis. The Saudis relied on historical precedent (the oasis was under Wahhabi influence in the period between 1800-1870) for their claims, which were countered by arguments from Abu Dhabi and Muscat based on more recent events. The argument led to the 1950 'London Agreement' whereby all exploration and troop movements would take place in the area until the issue of sovereignty was resolved. Despite ongoing negotiations, the Saudis attempted to take back the oasis.^[17] In 1952 a group of some 80 Saudi Arabian guards, 40 of whom were armed, led by the Saudi Emir of Ras Tanura, Turki Abdullah Al Otaishan, crossed Abu Dhabi territory and occupied Hamasa, one of three Omani villages in the oasis, claiming it as part of the eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The Sulṭan of Muscat and Imam of Oman gathered his forces to expel the Saudis but were persuaded by the British Government to exercise restraint pending attempts to settle the dispute by arbitration.^[18]

A standstill agreement was implemented and, on 30 July 1954, it was agreed to refer the dispute to an international arbitration tribunal.^[19] Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia embarked on a campaign of bribery to obtain declarations of tribal loyalty on which its case was based. In 1955 arbitration proceedings began in Geneva only to collapse when the British arbitrator, Sir Reader Bullard, withdrew. A few weeks later, the Saudi party was forcibly ejected from Hamasa by the Trucial Oman Levies. Together with a few refugee sheikhs and their families, the Saudis were taken to Sharjah and dispatched to Saudi Arabia by sea. The dispute continued to rumble on for many years to come until settled in 1974 by an agreement, known as the Treaty of Jeddah, between Sheikh Zayed (then President of the UAE) and King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.^[18]

Governor[edit]

The governor for Al Buraimi is Sayyid Saud bin Hilal bin Hamad al-Busaidi.

See also[edit]

• Eastern Arabia
  • Al Qabil, part of the Governorate
  • Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn
  • Dibba
  • Ibri
  • Jebel Ghawil
  • University of Buraimi

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• World66 Buraimi World
• Bulletin