The House of de Vere were an English aristocratic family who derived their surname from Ver (department Manche, canton Gavray), in Lower Normandy, France.[1] The family's Norman founder in England, Aubrey (Albericus) de Vere, appears in Domesday Book (1086) as the holder of a large fief in Essex, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, and Suffolk. His son and heir Aubrey II became Lord Great Chamberlain of England, an hereditary office, in 1133. His grandson Aubrey III became Earl of Oxford in the reign of King Stephen, but while his earldom had been granted by the Empress Matilda and eventually recognised by Stephen, it was not until January 1156 that it was formally recognised by Henry II and he began to receive the third penny of justice (one-third of the revenue of the shire court)[clarification needed] from Oxfordshire.[2]
For many centuries the family was headed by the Earl of Oxford until the death of the 20th Earl in 1703.
Among the offices the family held besides that of Lord Great Chamberlain was the forestership of Essex, and they founded the Essex religious houses of Colne Priory, Hatfield Broad Oak Priory, and Castle Hedingham Priory.[3] Macaulay described the family as "the longest and most illustrious line of nobles that England has seen,"[4] and Tennyson's poem Lady Clara Vere de Vere made the name synonymous with ancient blood.[5]
Notable family members[edit]
- Aubrey de Vere I (died c. 1112), a tenant-in-chief in England of William the Conqueror
- Aubrey de Vere II (c. 1080–1141), Lord Great Chamberlain of England
- Aubrey de Vere III (c. 1115-1194), first Earl of Oxford
- Rohese de Vere, Countess of Essex (c. 1110–1169 or after), founder of Chicksands Priory, Bedfordshire
- William de Vere (1120–1198), Bishop of Hereford and author of a saint's life
- Guy of Valence (fl. 1230s), supposed by Robert Steele, probably mistakenly, to have been a de Vere
- Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland (1362-1392), ninth Earl of Oxford and a favourite of King Richard II
- Bridget de Vere (1584–1630/31), Countess of Berkshire
- Diana Beauclerk, Duchess of St Albans (née Lady Diana de Vere, c. 1679–1742), courtier and Mistress of the Robes to Caroline, Princess of Wales
- Frances Howard, Countess of Surrey (née de Vere, c. 1517–1577)
- Susan de Vere, Countess of Montgomery (1587–1628/29)
- Francis Vere (1560–1609), an English soldier, famed for his military career in the Low Countries
- Horace Vere, 1st Baron Vere of Tilbury (1565–1635), a military leader during the Eighty Years' War and the Thirty Years' War
- Mary de Vere (died c. 1624), a noblewoman
Twenty males headed the family as Earl of Oxford from 1141 to 1703:
- Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford (c. 1115–1194)
- Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford (c. 1164–1214)
- Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford (c. 1173–1221), one of the 25 barons of the Magna Carta
- Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford (c. 1208–1263)
- Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford (1240–1296) (forfeit 1265, restored soon afterwards)
- Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford (1257–1331)
- John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford (1312–1360)
- Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford (1337–1371)
- Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford (1362–1392) (forfeit 1388)
- Aubrey de Vere, 10th Earl of Oxford (1340–1400) (restored 1393)
- Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford (1385–1417)
- John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (1408–1462)
- John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford (1442–1513) (forfeit 1475, restored 1485) commander of the army of Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth Field
- John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford (1499–1526)
- John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford (1482–1540)
- John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford (1516–1562)
- Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550–1604), patron of the arts, a poet and playwright
- Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford (1593–1625)
- Robert de Vere, 19th Earl of Oxford (1575–1632)
- Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford (1627–1703) (dormant 1703)
Genealogy[edit]
This summary genealogical tree shows how the house of de Vere is related:
| Aubrey de Vere1st Earl (d. 1194) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aubrey de Vere2nd Earl (d. 1214) | Robert de Vere3rd Earl (d. 1221) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hugh de Vere4th Earl (d. 1263) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Robert de Vere5th Earl (d. 1296) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Robert de Vere6th Earl (1257–1331) | Alfonso de Vere (d. 1328) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John de Vere7th Earl (1312–1360) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thomas de Vere8th Earl (d. 1371) | Aubrey de Vere10th Earl (1338–1400) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Robert de Vere9th Earl (1362–1392) | Richard de Vere11th Earl (1385–1417) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John de Vere12th Earl (1408–1462) | Robert de Vere | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John de Vere13th Earl (1442–1513) | George de Vere | John de Vere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John de Vere14th Earl (1499–1526) | John de Vere15th Earl (d. 1540) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| John de Vere16th Earl (1516–1562) | Aubrey de Vere (b. 1519) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Edward de Vere17th Earl (1550–1604) | Hugh de Vere | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Henry de Vere18th Earl (1593–1625) | Robert de Vere19th Earl (1575–1632) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aubrey de Vere20th Earl (1627–1703) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Coats of Arms[edit]
Arms of notable members of the de Vere family:
Arms of de Vere, Earls of Oxford
Arms de Vere, Earls of Oxford
Arms of Hugh de Vere ("Huë de Ver")
Coat of Arms of Sir Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford, 1st Duke of Ireland, KG
Coat of arms of Sir Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford, KG
Coat of arms of Sir John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford
Arms of Sir John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford, KG
Arms of Beauclerk (Stuart), dukes of Saint-Albans, heirs to the de Vere lands
See also[edit]
- De Vere (disambiguation), other people with the surname de Vere
- Vere (disambiguation), other people with the surname Vere
- De Vere Pedigree from the De Vere Society
References[edit]
- ^ L. C. Loyd, The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families (Leeds: 1951), 110.
- ^ R. W. Eyton, Court, Household, and Itinerary of King Henry II (London: 1878), 16.
- ^ G. E. C. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage v. X
- ^ Macaulay, Baron Thomas Babbington (1857). Histories of England. 2. p. 126.
- ^
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Round, John Horace (1911). "Vere". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1019.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Round, John Horace (1911). "Vere". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1019.
External links[edit]
- Media related to De Vere family at Wikimedia Commons
- Texts on Wikisource:
- "Vere, Family of". Dictionary of National Biography. 1885–1900.