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В следующих таблицах перечислены названия кардинальных чисел и символы для чисел от 0 до 10 на различных языках и алфавитах мира. Там , где это возможно, родная для каждого языка письменности используются, наряду с транслитерацией в латинице и другие важные системами письма , где применима. На некоторых языках числа будут показаны до 20.

Языковые семьи Афро-Евразии [ править ]

Афро-азиатские языки [1] [ править ]

Берберские языки [ править ]

Чадские языки [ править ]

Кушитские языки [ править ]

Египетские языки [ править ]

Омотические языки [ править ]

Семитские языки [ править ]

Заметки
^ # Цифры, используемые ванглийскоми других языках с использованиемлатинского алфавита, известны как арабские цифры (или, точнее,западные арабские цифры). Они пришли вЕвропуизИндиичерезисламских математиковвсредние векаи были приняты цивилизациями по всему миру с их использованием впечатных книгах. Цифры, указанные для арабского языка в таблице выше, являются восточными арабскими цифрами , которые используются в сочетании сарабским письмом.на Ближнем Востоке. В арабском языке многозначные числа пишутся справа налево в возрастающей степени десяти. Таким образом, как и на западе, единицы находятся в крайнем правом положении, а число с большей степенью десяти - слева, как видно из арабской записи для 10 в таблице. Современные индийские цифры см. В таблице для индоевропейских языков ниже.

Австронезийские языки [ править ]

^ a См. основную статью,балийские цифры.
^ b См. основную статью,яванские цифры.
^ c Необычно дляавстронезийскогоязыка,цатпревратился в прочнотональныйязык,
вероятно, в результате локальных лингвистических эффектов и контакта с разнообразными тональными языками, на которых говорят наХайнане,включаяразновидности китайского,такие какхайнаньскийистандартный китайский,тай-кадайские языки.такие какязыки хлай, иязыкихмонг-миен,такие какКим Мун . [14]
Предки народа хуэйхуэй иммигрировали на остров Хайнань из центрального Вьетнама около восьми сотен лет назад.
Под сильным влиянием соседних тональных китайских диалектов хуэйхуэй развил тона и в конечном итоге стал «односложным» тональным австронезийским языком. [15]

^ d Рапа НуииТаити восновном имеют одни и те же цифры. Числа выше десяти выражены по-таитянски.
^ е Хири Моту, один изофициальных языковПапуа-Новой Гвинеи.
^ е Языки Тимор – Алор – Пантарпредставляют собой отдельную группу языков отавстронезийских языков, но, как правило, на них сильно влияютавстронезийские языки, особенно в словах вместо чисел.
^ г папуасских языковявляются языки западной части Тихого островаНовой Гвинеии соседних островов, которыеявляются ниAustronesianниАвстралийский . См. Основную статью, Индо-тихоокеанские языки .

Языки хмонг – миен [ править ]

[16]

Индоевропейские языки [ править ]

В большинстве языков используется индуистско-арабская система счисления .

Sino-Tibetan languages[edit]

Sinitic languages[edit]

Notes
^⁜ In the Sinitic languages there are two different characters for "two":
  • 二 is used for cardinal numbers (e.g., "27 degrees Celsius", "telephone area code 122", "the year 2000")
  • 兩/两 is used when counting a pair of objects or persons (e.g. "two books", "two diplomats"). This usage is for the number two only, and is not used for twelve, twenty, and so forth up to 92. It can be optionally used as the first digit in two hundred, two thousand, two myriad (20,000) and so forth, however only for the leading digit (e.g. in the case of "222 people", it can be written as "两百二十二人" or "二百二十二人").
^* Singkawang Hakka, a Hakka dialect of Singkawang,[43] Indonesia. Singkawang is derived from Hakka Chinese San Kheuw Jong (山口洋 Shānkǒu Yáng), which refers to "a town in hills nearby a sea and estuary".

Tibeto-Burman languages[edit]

Tibetic languages[edit]
East Bodish languages[edit]

Turkic languages[edit]

Uralic languages[edit]

Andamanese languages[edit]

The Andamanese languages have one-two-three-many systems, where 'three' may mean 'and another', though higher numerals may be borrowed.

Austroasiatic languages[edit]

Notes
^* Car is the most widely spoken of the Nicobarese languages spoken in the Nicobar Islands of India. Although related distantly to Vietnamese and Khmer, it is typologically much more akin to nearby Austronesian languages such as Nias and Acehnese, with which it forms a linguistic area.[49]
^* Semai numerals have been heavily influenced by Malay. Only numerals from one to three are native words, the rest are Malay.
^* Like Japanese and Korean, Vietnamese uses two numbering systems, one based on native vocabulary and one based on a Sino-Xenic numbering system (Sino-Vietnamese). In modern Vietnamese the native readings are more commonly used.

Caucasian languages[edit]

Kartvelian languages (South Caucasian)[edit]

Northeast Caucasian languages[edit]

Northwest Caucasian languages[edit]

Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages[edit]

Dravidian languages[edit]

Japonic languages[edit]

Notes
^※ As with Korean and Vietnamese, Japanese uses two different numbering systems, one based on native vocabulary and one based on a Sino-Xenic numbering system (Sino-Japanese). The latter are more commonly used in spoken Japanese. Modern Japanese writers usually use Arabic numerals, but the Chinese characters are still used in calligraphy and in vertical writing. Since the word shi (死) means "death", in some contexts the native Japanese yon is more commonly used than the Sino-Japanese shi (four), and nana similarly is more commonly used than shichi (seven).

Koreanic languages[edit]

Notes
^† The two transliterations given for the Korean numerals are based on the Revised Romanization of Korean and the older McCune–Reischauer romanization, respectively.
^‡ As with Japanese and Vietnamese, Korean uses two different numbering systems, one based on native vocabulary and one based on a Sino-Xenic numbering system (Sino-Korean). In modern Korean, the latter system is more commonly used. See previous note for transliteration information. Note also North-South differences in the Korean language.

Khoisan languages[edit]

Mongolic languages[edit]

Niger–Congo languages[edit]

Nilo-Saharan languages[edit]

Tai–Kadai languages (Kra–Dai)[edit]

Tungusic languages[edit]

Yeniseian languages[edit]

Yukaghir languages[edit]

Languages of Americas and Oceania[edit]

Algonquian languages[edit]

Australian Aboriginal languages[edit]

Notes
^※ In Gurindji, the number after three (nga-rloo-doo) is garndi-wa-ngoo-rroo, which means "many".
^† In Mabuiag (Western-Central Torres Strait Island Language), all numbers greater than 6 are referred to as ras.
^‡ In Ngaanyatjarra, it is also common for numbers greater than 3 to be referred to as pirni, meaning "many". Otherwise, larger numbers are made by combining the smaller numbers.

Eskimo–Aleut languages[edit]

Aleut languages[edit]

Eskimo languages[edit]

Inuit languages[edit]
Yupik languages[edit]

Iroquoian languages[edit]

Mayan languages[edit]

Notes
^** For numbers above four, the Spanish words are generally used.[57]

Muskogean languages[edit]

Na-Dené languages[edit]

Quechuan languages[edit]

Salishan languages[edit]

Siouan languages[edit]

Tupian languages[edit]

Utian languages[edit]

Uto-Aztecan languages[edit]

Yokutsan languages[edit]

Language isolates[edit]

Creoles and pidgins[edit]

Constructed and auxiliary languages[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Afro-Asiatic". mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de.
  2. ^ "Afro-Asiatic and Caucasian Languages". www.zompist.com.
  3. ^ The Sanskrit loanword "Ekasila" : "Eka" means 1, "Sila" means "pillar", "principle" appeared in Sukarno's speech
  4. ^ The Sanskrit loanword "Trisila" : "Tri" means 3, "Sila" means "pillar", "principle" appeared in Sukarno's speech
  5. ^ The Sanskrit loanword: Pancasila is the 5 principles of sukarno explained here: Pancasila (politics), "Panca" means 5, "Sila" means "pillar", "principle".
  6. ^ Lapan is a known shortage of Delapan.
  7. ^ Siman Widyatmanta, Adiparwa. Vol. I dan II. Cetakan Ketiga. Yogyakarta: U.P. "Spring", 1968.
  8. ^ Zoetmulder, P.J., Kamus Jawa Kuno-Indonesia. Vol. I-II. Terjemahan Darusuprapto-Sumarti Suprayitno. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1995.
  9. ^ "Javanese alphabet, pronunciation and language". www.omniglot.com.
  10. ^ The Sanskrit loanword: "Panca" means 5, in the name of Siti Nurhaliza songs disc, "Pancawarna" which means: "5 colors".
  11. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Minangkabau numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  12. ^ Cook, Richard (1992). Peace Corps Marshall Islands: Marshallese Language Training Manual (PDF), pg. 22. Accessed August 27, 2007
  13. ^ Percy Chatterton, (1975). Say It In Motu: An instant introduction to the common language of Papua. Pacific Publications. ISBN 978-0-85807-025-7
  14. ^ Graham Thurgood (1999). From ancient Cham to modern dialects: two thousand years of language contact and change : with an appendix of Chamic reconstructions and loanwords. University of Hawaii Press. p. 239. ISBN 0-8248-2131-9. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
  15. ^ "Huihui". mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de.
  16. ^ "Miao-Yao". mpi-lingweb.shh.mpg.de.
  17. ^ The numbers from 11 to 20 shown here are part of the traditional vigesimal system. A newer decimal system also exists – see Welsh numerals.
  18. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "North Frisian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  19. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "West Frisian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
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  21. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Afrikaans numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
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  23. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Pennsylvania German numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  24. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Luxembourgish numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  25. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Bavarian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  26. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Swiss German numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  27. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Alsatian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  28. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Sardinian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  29. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Corsican numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
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  31. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Venetian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
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  33. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Ladin numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  34. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Romansh numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  35. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Jèrriais numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  36. ^ Phrasebase: Walloon 1. Cardinal Numbers 0 => 1.000.000.000. Accessed on 25 Sept 2012.
  37. ^ "dicod'Òc". locongres.org. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  38. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Catalan numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  39. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Asturian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  40. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Eonavian numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  41. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Galician numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  42. ^ ""The Gilaki Language" By: Ronald M. Lockwood" (PDF).
  43. ^ "United Singkawang - Bahasa Hakka di Singkawang". Singkawang.us. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  44. ^ Finnish etymology dictionary Archived 2008-12-22 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ Kallio, Petri (2007). "Kantasuomen konsonanttihistoriaa" (PDF). Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne (in Finnish). 253: 229–250. ISSN 0355-0230. Retrieved 2009-05-28.
  46. ^ "Morphology of Kazym Khanty numerals" (PDF).
  47. ^ [1]
  48. ^ [2]
  49. ^ Cysouw, Michael; Quantitative explorations of the worldwide distribution of rare characteristics, or: the exceptionality of north-western European languages Archived 2009-05-14 at the Wayback Machine; pp. 11-12
  50. ^ Juha Janhunen (2006). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. p. 393. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  51. ^ Deblois&Metallic, "Micmac Lexicon, National Museum of Man Mercury Series, 1984
  52. ^ a b c d e f g h i John Harris, Australian Aboriginal and Islander mathematics, Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1987.
  53. ^ William B. McGregor, (2013). Languages of the Kimberley, Western Australia, Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-39602-3
  54. ^ Stephanie Fryer-Smith, (2002). Aboriginal Benchbook for Western Australian courts Archived 2013-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Institute of Judicial Administration Incorporated. ISBN 1-875527-42-7
  55. ^ Laura Redish & Orrin Lewis. "Vocabulary Words in Native American Languages: Yucatec Maya". Nativelanguages.org. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  56. ^ Gómez Navarrete, Javier Abelardo (2009). DICCIONARIO INTRODUCTORIO ESPAÑOL – MAYA MAYA -ESPAÑOL (PDF) (in Spanish). Chetumal, Quintana Roo: Universidad de Quintana Roo. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
  57. ^ Bolles, David & Alejandra. "Numbers and Number Classifiers". A Grammar of the Yucatecan Mayan Language. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  58. ^ P. Munro and C. Willmond, Chikashshanompa' kilanompoli', University of Oklahoma Press 2008
  59. ^ M. Haag and H. Willis, Choctaw language and culture, University of Oklahoma Press 2001
  60. ^ Pamela Innes et al., Beginning Creek, University of Oklahoma Press 2004
  61. ^ Callaghan, Catherine A. 1970. Bodega Miwok Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  62. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Hopi numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  63. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Central Tarahumara numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  64. ^ Ulrich, Alexis. "Timbisha numbers". Of Languages and Numbers.
  65. ^ A more archaic form of the same numeral, see [3]

External links[edit]

  • Of Languages and Numbers
  • Numbers from 1 to 10 in over 5000 languages
  • Learn Numbers in Several Languages
  • Learn Numbers in Russian language
  • [4]
  • Software to test you on numbers from six languages
  • Number Systems of the World
  • Number translation and testing system (Spanish, English, Russian, German, Finnish)
  • Numbers in Kannada with explanation and prounciations in Kannada and English