Россия (русский язык: Россия , Россия , русское произношение: [rɐˈsʲijə] ) или Российская Федерация - это трансконтинентальная страна, охватывающая Восточную Европу и Северную Азию . Это самая большая страна в мире ; покрывая более 17 125 191 квадратных километров (6 612 073 квадратных миль), состоящих из более чем одной восьмойнаселенной суши Земли , простирающейся до одиннадцати часовых поясов , и имеет границы с шестнадцатью суверенными странами . Население России составляет 146,7 миллиона человек; и является девятой по численности населения страной, а также самая густонаселенная страна Европы. Москва , столица, является крупнейшим городом Европы , а Санкт-Петербург - вторым по величине городом и культурным центром страны. Русские - самая большая славянская и европейская нация ; говорящий по- русски , самый распространенный славянский язык и самый распространенный родной язык в Европе. Восточные славяне появились как узнаваемый группы в Европе между 3 - й и 8 - го века нашей эры. Средневековое состояние Руси возникла в 9 - м веке. В 988 году он принял православное христианство из Византийской империи , положив начало синтезу византийской и славянской культур, которые определили русскую культуру на следующее тысячелетие. Русь в конечном итоге распалась на несколько более мелких государств, пока не была окончательно воссоединена Великим княжеством Московским в 15 веке. К 18 веку страна значительно расширилась за счет завоеваний, аннексий и исследований и стала Российской империей., которая стала крупной европейской державой и третьей по величине империей в истории. После русской революции , то русский СФСР стал крупнейшим и ведущим компонентом Советского Союза , первый в мире конституционно социалистическое государство . Советский Союз сыграл решающую роль в победе союзников во Второй мировой войне и стал сверхдержавой и соперником США во время холодной войны . В советское время были отмечены некоторые из самых значительных технологических достижений ХХ века, в том числе мировые.первый искусственный спутник и запуск первого человека в космос . После распада Советского Союза в 1991 году Российская СФСР преобразовалась в Российскую Федерацию. После конституционного кризиса 1993 года была принята новая конституция , и с тех пор Россия управляется как федеративная полупрезидентская республика. ( Полная статья ... ) Обновить, добавив новые элементы ниже (очистить) Ограбление 1907 Тифлисский банк , также известный как экспроприация Эриванский площади , было совершено вооруженное ограбление на 26 июня 1907 [а] в городе Тифлисе в Тифлисской губернии в кавказское наместничество в Российской империи (ныне Грузия «s капитал, Тбилиси ). Банковский чек был украден большевиками для финансирования своей революционной деятельности. Грабители напали на банковский дилижанс, а также на окружающих полицейских и солдат, применив бомбы и оружие, пока дилижанс вез деньги через Эриванский сквер (ныне площадь Свободы) между почтовым отделением и тифлисским отделением почтовой службыГосударственный банк Российской Империи . Согласно официальным архивным документам, в результате теракта сорок человек погибли и пятьдесят получили ранения. Грабители скрылись с 241000 рублей . Ограбление было организовано рядом высокопоставленных большевиков , включая Владимира Ленина , Иосифа Сталина , Максима Литвинова , Леонида Красина и Александра Богданова , и исполнено партией революционеров во главе с одним из первых соратников Сталина Симоном Тер-Петросяном , также известным как «Камо» и «Кавказский Робин-Гуд». Поскольку такие действия были прямо запрещены 5 съезда изРоссийская социал-демократическая рабочая партия (РСДРП), грабежи и убийства вызвали возмущение внутри партии против большевиков (фракция внутри РСДРП). В результате Ленин и Сталин попытались дистанцироваться от ограбления. ( Полная статья ... ) Retvizan (Russian: Ретвизан) was a pre-dreadnought battleship built before the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 for the Imperial Russian Navy. She was built by the American William Cramp & Sons because Russian shipyards were already at full capacity. Named after a Swedish ship of the line that was captured during the battle of Vyborg Bay in 1790 (Swedish: Rättvisan, meaning both fairness and justice), Retvizan was briefly assigned to the Baltic Fleet, but was transferred to the Far East in 1902.
The ship was torpedoed during the Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur during the night of 8/9 February 1904 and grounded in the harbour entrance when she attempted to take refuge inside, as her draft had significantly deepened from the amount of water she had taken aboard after the torpedo hit. She was refloated and repaired in time to join the rest of the 1st Pacific Squadron when they attempted to reach Vladivostok through the Japanese blockade on 10 August. The Japanese battle fleet engaged them again in the Battle of the Yellow Sea, forcing most of the Russian ships to return to Port Arthur after their squadron commander was killed and his flagship damaged. Retvizan was sunk by Japanese howitzers in December after the Japanese gained control of the heights around the harbour. (Full article...) Swedish postcard of Poltava The Russian battleship Poltava (Russian: Полтава) was one of three Petropavlovsk-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1890s. The ship was transferred to the Pacific Squadron shortly after completion and based at Port Arthur from 1901. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, she participated in the Battle of Port Arthur and was heavily damaged during the Battle of the Yellow Sea. She was sunk by Japanese artillery during the subsequent Siege of Port Arthur in December 1904, but was raised by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after the war and renamed Tango (丹後). During World War I, she bombarded German fortifications during the Siege of Tsingtao. The Japanese government sold Tango back to the Russians at their request in 1916. She was renamed Chesma (Чесма) as her former name had been given to a new ship. En route to the White Sea, she joined an Allied force that persuaded the Greek government to disarm their ships. Her crew declared for the Bolsheviks in October 1917, but made no effort to resist when the British captured her during the North Russia intervention in early 1918. In poor condition, the ship was used as a prison hulk. Abandoned by the British when they withdrew in 1919 and recaptured by the Bolsheviks, she was scrapped in 1924. ( Full article...) From the film advertising poster, by Izrail Bograd Sergei Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kijé (Russian: Поручик Киже, Poruchik Kizhe) music was originally written to accompany the film of the same name, produced by the Belgoskino film studios in Leningrad in 1933–34 and released in March 1934. It was Prokofiev's first attempt at film music, and his first commission. In the early days of sound cinema, among the various distinguished composers ready to try their hand at film music, Prokofiev was not an obvious choice for the commission. Based in Paris for almost a decade, he had a reputation for experimentation and dissonance, characteristics at odds with the cultural norms of the Soviet Union. By early 1933, however, Prokofiev was anxious to return to his homeland, and saw the film commission as an opportunity to write music in a more popular and accessible style. ( Full article...) Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna, c. 1914 Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia ( Olga Nikolaevna Romanova) (Russian: Великая Княжна Ольга Николаевна, IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikəjə knʲɪˈʐna ˈolʲɡə nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvnə] (listen) (Velikaya Knyazhna Ol'ga Nikolaevna); 15 November [O.S. 3 November] 1895 – 17 July 1918) was the eldest child of the last Tsar of the Russian Empire, Emperor Nicholas II, and of Empress Alexandra of Russia. During her lifetime, Olga's future marriage was the subject of great speculation within Russia. Matches were rumored with Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, Crown Prince Carol of Romania, Edward, Prince of Wales, eldest son of Britain's George V, and with Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia. Olga herself wanted to marry a Russian and remain in her home country. During World War I, she nursed wounded soldiers in a military hospital until her own nerves gave out and, thereafter, oversaw administrative duties at the hospital. ( Full article...) Portrait of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1898 by Valentin Serov (detail)
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: Никола́й Андре́евич Ри́мский-Ко́рсаков, tr. Nikoláy Andréyevich Rimskiy-Kórsakov, IPA: [nʲɪkəˈlaj ɐnˈdrʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ˈrʲimskʲɪj ˈkorsəkəf] (listen); 18 March 1844, Tikhvin – 21 June 1908, Lyubensk, Saint Petersburg Governorate) was a Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as The Five. He was a master of orchestration. His best-known orchestral compositions— Capriccio Espagnol, the Russian Easter Festival Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade—are staples of the classical music repertoire, along with suites and excerpts from some of his 15 operas. Scheherazade is an example of his frequent use of fairy-tale and folk subjects. Rimsky-Korsakov believed in developing a nationalistic style of classical music, as did his fellow composer Mily Balakirev and the critic Vladimir Stasov. This style employed Russian folk song and lore along with exotic harmonic, melodic and rhythmic elements in a practice known as musical orientalism, and eschewed traditional Western compositional methods. Rimsky-Korsakov appreciated Western musical techniques after he became a professor of musical composition, harmony, and orchestration at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in 1871. He undertook a rigorous three-year program of self-education and became a master of Western methods, incorporating them alongside the influences of Mikhail Glinka and fellow members of The Five. Rimsky-Korsakov's techniques of composition and orchestration were further enriched by his exposure to the works of Richard Wagner. ( Full article...) Bezhin Meadow (Бежин луг, Bezhin lug) is a 1937 Soviet propaganda film, famous for having been suppressed and believed destroyed before its completion. Directed by Sergei Eisenstein, it tells the story of a young farm boy whose father attempts to betray the government for political reasons by sabotaging the year's harvest and the son's efforts to stop his own father to protect the Soviet state, culminating in the boy's murder and a social uprising. The film draws its title from a story by Ivan Turgenev, but is based on the life of Pavlik Morozov, a young Russian boy who became a political martyr following his death in 1932, after he denounced his father to Soviet government authorities and subsequently died at the hands of his family. Pavlik Morozov was immortalized in school programs, poetry, music, and film.
Commissioned by a communist youth group, the film's production ran from 1935 to 1937, until it was halted by the central Soviet government, which said it contained artistic, social, and political failures. Some, however, blamed the failure of Bezhin Meadow on government interference and policies, extending all the way to Joseph Stalin himself. In the wake of the film's failure, Eisenstein publicly recanted his work as an error. Individuals were arrested during and after the ensuing debacle. (Full article...) Rostislav between 1907 and 1916. Rostislav was a pre-dreadnought battleship built by the Nikolaev Admiralty Shipyard in the 1890s for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy. She was conceived as a small, inexpensive coastal defence ship, but the Navy abandoned the concept in favor of a compact, seagoing battleship with a displacement of 8,880 long tons (9,020 t). Poor design and construction practices increased her actual displacement by more than 1,600 long tons (1,600 t). Rostislav became the world's first capital ship to burn fuel oil, rather than coal. Her combat ability was compromised by the use of 10-inch (254 mm) main guns instead of the de facto Russian standard of 12 inches (305 mm). Her hull was launched in September 1896, but non-delivery of the ship's main guns delayed her maiden voyage until 1899 and her completion until 1900. In May 1899 Rostislav became the first ship of the Imperial Navy to be commanded by a member of the House of Romanov, Captain Alexander Mikhailovich. From 1903 to 1912 the ship was the flagship of the second-in-command of the Black Sea Fleet. During the 1905 Russian Revolution her crew was on the verge of mutiny, but ultimately remained loyal to the regime, and actively suppressed the mutiny of the cruiser Ochakov. ( Full article...) The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of elements, is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The structure of the table shows periodic trends. The seven rows of the table, called periods, generally have metals on the left and nonmetals on the right. The columns, called groups, contain elements with similar chemical behaviours. Six groups have accepted names as well as assigned numbers: for example, group 17 elements are the halogens; and group 18 are the noble gases. Also displayed are four simple rectangular areas or blocks associated with the filling of different atomic orbitals. The elements from atomic numbers 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganesson) have all been discovered or synthesized, completing seven full rows of the periodic table. The first 94 elements, hydrogen to plutonium, all occur naturally, though some are found only in trace amounts and a few were discovered in nature only after having first been synthesized. Elements 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories, nuclear reactors, or nuclear explosions. The synthesis of elements having higher atomic numbers is currently being pursued: these elements would begin an eighth row, and theoretical work has been done to suggest possible candidates for this extension. Numerous synthetic radioisotopes of naturally occurring elements have also been produced in laboratories. ( Full article...) Nikita Khrushchev in East Berlin in June 1963 observing East German leader Walter Ulbricht's 70th birthday Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв;15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1894 – 11 September 1971) led the Soviet Union as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and as chairman of the country's Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. During his rule, Khrushchev presided over the beginning of De-Stalinization, the technological breakthroughs of the early Soviet space program, and enactment of relatively liberal reforms in domestic policy. Ultimately, in 1964, he was removed from power by colleagues in the Party leadership and replaced by Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier. Khrushchev was born in 1894 in the village of Kalinovka, in western Russia, close to the present-day border between Russia and Ukraine. He was employed as a metal worker during his youth, and he was a political commissar during the Russian Civil War. With the help of Lazar Kaganovich, he worked his way up the Soviet hierarchy. He supported Joseph Stalin's purges and approved thousands of arrests. In 1938, Stalin sent him to govern the Ukrainian SSR, and he continued the purges there. During what was known in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War (Eastern Front of World War II), Khrushchev was again a commissar, serving as an intermediary between Stalin and his generals. Khrushchev was present at the bloody defense of Stalingrad, a fact he took great pride in throughout his life. After the war, he returned to Ukraine before being recalled to Moscow as one of Stalin's close advisers. ( Full article...) The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of communist rule imposed over Poland after the end of World War II. These years, while featuring general industrialization, urbanization and many improvements in the standard of living,[a1] were marred by early Stalinist repressions, social unrest, political strife and severe economic difficulties.
Near the end of World War II, the advancing Soviet Red Army, along with the Polish Armed Forces in the East, pushed out the Nazi German forces from occupied Poland. In February 1945, the Yalta Conference sanctioned the formation of a provisional government of Poland from a compromise coalition, until postwar elections. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, manipulated the implementation of that ruling. A practically communist-controlled Provisional Government of National Unity was formed in Warsaw by ignoring the Polish government-in-exile based in London since 1940. (Full article...) Top: Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Bottom (left to right): Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Glazunov and Anatoly Lyadov Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's relations with the group of composers known as the Belyayev circle, which lasted from 1887 until Tchaikovsky's death in 1893, influenced all of their music and briefly helped shape the next generation of Russian composers. This group was named after timber merchant Mitrofan Belyayev, an amateur musician who became an influential music patron and publisher after he had taken an interest in Alexander Glazunov's work. By 1887, Tchaikovsky was firmly established as one of the leading composers in Russia. A favorite of Tsar Alexander III, he was widely regarded as a national treasure. He was in demand as a guest conductor in Russia and Western Europe, and in 1890 visited the United States in the same capacity. By contrast, the fortunes of the nationalistic group of composers known as The Five, which preceded the Belyayev circle, had waned, and the group had long since dispersed; of its members, only Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov remained fully active as a composer. Now a professor of musical composition and orchestration at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, Rimsky-Korsakov had become a firm believer in the Western-based compositional training that had been once frowned upon by the group. As a result of the time Tchaikovsky spent with the Belyayev circle's leading composers—Glazunov, Anatoly Lyadov and Rimsky-Korsakov—the somewhat fraught relationship he had previously endured with The Five would eventually meld into something more harmonious. Tchaikovsky's friendship with these men gave him increased confidence in his own abilities as a composer, while his music encouraged Glazunov to broaden his artistic outlook past the nationalist agenda and to compose along more universal themes. This influence grew to the point that Glazunov's Third Symphony became known as the "anti-kuchist" symphony of his ouvre ("kuchist" refers to "kuchka", the shortened Russian name for The Five) and shared several stylistic fingerprints with Tchaikovsky's later symphonies. Nor was Glazunov the only composer so influenced. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote about the Belyayev composers' "worship of Tchaikovsky and ... tendency toward eclecticism" that became prevalent during this period, along with a predilection toward "Italian-French music of the time of wig and farthingale" (that is, of the 18th Century) typified in Tchaikovsky's late operas The Queen of Spades and Iolanta. ( Full article...) Jeannette at Le Havre in 1878, prior to her departure for San Francisco in a trip that would see her round Cape Horn The Jeannette expedition of 1879–1881, officially called the U.S. Arctic Expedition, was an attempt led by George W. De Long to reach the North Pole by pioneering a route from the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait. The premise was that a temperate current, the Kuro Siwo, flowed northwards into the strait, providing a gateway to the Open Polar Sea and thus to the pole. This theory proved illusory; the expedition's ship, USS Jeannette and its crew of thirty-three men, was trapped by ice and drifted for nearly two years before she was crushed and sunk north of the Siberian coast. De Long then led his men on a perilous journey by sled, dragging the Jeannette's whaleboat and two cutters, eventually switching to these small boats to sail for the Lena Delta in Siberia. During this journey, and in the subsequent weeks of wandering in Siberia before rescue, twenty of the ship's complement died, including De Long. ( Full article...) Fram leaves Bergen on 2 July 1893, bound for the Arctic Ocean Nansen's Fram expedition of 1893–1896 was an attempt by the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen to reach the geographical North Pole by harnessing the natural east–west current of the Arctic Ocean. In the face of much discouragement from other polar explorers, Nansen took his ship Fram to the New Siberian Islands in the eastern Arctic Ocean, froze her into the pack ice, and waited for the drift to carry her towards the pole. Impatient with the slow speed and erratic character of the drift, after 18 months Nansen and a chosen companion, Hjalmar Johansen, left the ship with a team of Samoyed dogs and sledges and made for the pole. They did not reach it, but they achieved a record Farthest North latitude of 86°13.6′N before a long retreat over ice and water to reach safety in Franz Josef Land. Meanwhile, Fram continued to drift westward, finally emerging in the North Atlantic Ocean. The idea for the expedition had arisen after items from the American vessel Jeannette, which had sunk off the north coast of Siberia in 1881, were discovered three years later off the south-west coast of Greenland. The wreckage had obviously been carried across the polar ocean, perhaps across the pole itself. Based on this and other debris recovered from the Greenland coast, the meteorologist Henrik Mohn developed a theory of transpolar drift, which led Nansen to believe that a specially designed ship could be frozen in the pack ice and follow the same track as Jeannette wreckage, thus reaching the vicinity of the pole. ( Full article...) The official arrangement of the Russian national anthem, completed in 2001. The " State Anthem of the Russian Federation" (Russian: Госуда́рственный гимн Росси́йской Федера́ции, tr. Gosudárstvennyy gimn Rossíyskoy Federátsii, IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪnɨj ˈɡʲimn rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨj]) is the name of the official national anthem of Russia. It uses the same melody as the "State Anthem of the Soviet Union", composed by Alexander Alexandrov, and new lyrics by Sergey Mikhalkov, who had collaborated with Gabriel El-Registan on the original anthem. From 1944, that earliest version replaced "The Internationale", as a new, more Soviet-centric, and Russia-centric Soviet anthem. The same melody, but without any lyrics, was used after 1956. A second version of the lyrics was written by Mikhalkov in 1970 and adopted in 1977, placing less emphasis on World War II and more on the victory of communism, and without mentioning the denounced Stalin by name. The Russian SFSR was the only constituent republic of the Soviet Union without its own regional anthem. The lyric-free "Patrioticheskaya Pesnya", composed by Mikhail Glinka, was officially adopted in 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of Russia and confirmed in 1993, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, by the President of the Russian Federation, Boris Yeltsin. This anthem proved to be unpopular with the Russian public and with many politicians and public figures, because of its tune and lack of lyrics, and consequently its inability to inspire Russian athletes during international competitions. The government sponsored contests to create lyrics for the unpopular anthem, but none of the entries were adopted. ( Full article...)
Юрий Гагарин Фотография предоставлена Арто Жуси; восстановлен Адамом КуэрденомЮрий Гагарин (9 марта 1934 - 27 марта 1968) быллетчиком и космонавтом Советских ВВС, который стал первым человеком, совершившим путешествие в космос ; его капсула « Восток-1» завершила один виток вокруг Земли 12 апреля 1961 года. Гагарин стал международной знаменитостью и был удостоен многих медалей и званий, в том числе Героя Советского Союза , высшей награды своей страны. В 1967 году он был членом дублирующего экипажа злополучноймиссии « Союз-1 », после которой российские власти, опасаясь за безопасность столь культовой фигуры, запретили ему дальнейшие космические полеты. Однако он погиб в следующем году, когда МиГ-15учебно-тренировочный самолет, который он пилотировал со своим летным инструктором Владимиром Серегиным, разбился недалеко от города Киржач .
Эта фотография Гагарина, датированная июлем 1961 года, была сделана на пресс-конференции во время визита в Финляндию примерно через три месяца после его космического полета. Больше выбранных картинок Yalta Conference Photo: U.S. Army Signal CorpsWinston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin sitting together at the Yalta Conference, which took place February 4–11, 1945. The so-called "Big Three" met to discuss the re-establishment of the nations of Europe following World War II. Although a number of agreements were reached, Stalin broke his promises regarding Poland, and the Soviet Union annexed the regions of Eastern Europe it controlled, or converted them to satellite states. More selected pictures Ivan Tsarevich Artist: Viktor VasnetsovA painting depicting Ivan Tsarevich, one of the main heroes of Russian folklore, riding a magic carpet after having captured the Firebird, which he keeps in a cage. This work was Viktor Vasnetsov's first attempt at illustrating Russian folk tales and inaugurated a famous series of paintings on the themes drawn from Russian folklore. More selected pictures Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky Credit: Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky was a Russian pioneer of color photographer. This view of Lugano was most likely taken in 1909. Although James Clerk Maxwell made the first color photograph in 1861, the results were far from realistic until Prokudin-Gorsky perfected the technique with a series of improvements around 1905. His process used a camera that took a series of monochrome pictures in rapid sequence, each through a different colored filter. Prokudin-Gorskii then went on to document much of the country of Russia, travelling by train in a specially equipped darkroom railroad car. Mohammed Alim Khan Credit: Sergey Prokudin-GorskyAn early colour photograph of the Emir of Bukhara, Mohammed Alim Khan, in 1911, taken by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky as part of his work to document the Russian Empire from 1909 to 1915. Alim Khan, a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, was the last emir of the Manghud dynasty. He reigned from 1911 to 1920, fleeing to Afghanistan when the Bolsheviks annexed Bukhara and proclaimed the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov Credit: This image comes from Gallica Digital Library and is available under the digital ID btv1b6926750k/f1Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov is the Russian scientist who discovered phagocytes and won the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Ivan the Terrible Showing His Treasury to Jerome Horsey Artist: Alexander LitovchenkoAlexander Litovchenko's 1875 painting depicting Ivan IV of Russia seated in the Kremlin Armoury, his half-witted heir Fyodor standing behind, a group of distrustful boyars whispering at a distance, and the Tsar's jester in a skomorokh cap addressing the English diplomat Jerome Horsey. Horsey was a resident of the Russia Company in Moscow from 1572 to 1585. More selected pictures Nilov Monastery Credit: Sergey Prokudin-GorskyThis photo of the Nilov Monastery on Stolobny Island in Tver Oblast, Russia, was taken by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky in 1910 before the advent of colour photography. His process used a camera that took a series of monochrome pictures in rapid sequence, each through a different coloured filter. By projecting all three monochrome pictures using correctly coloured light, it was possible to reconstruct the original colour scene. Field of Mars Photograph credit: Andrew ShivaAn aerial view of the Field of Mars, a large park in central Saint Petersburg, Russia, pictured in 2016. It is named after Mars, the Roman god of war. The park's history goes back to the 18th century, when it was converted from bogland and named the Grand Meadow. Later, it was the setting for celebrations to mark Russia's victory over Sweden in the Great Northern War. Its next name, the Tsaritsyn Meadow, appears after the royal family commissioned Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli to build the Summer Palace for Empress Elizabeth. It became the Field of Mars during the reign of Paul I. Towards the end of the 18th century, the park became a military drill ground, where they erected monuments commemorating the victories of the Russian Army and where parades and military exercises took place regularly. After the February Revolution in 1917, the Field of Mars became a memorial area for the revolution's honoured dead. In the summer of 1942, as the city was besieged by the German army in the Siege of Leningrad, the park was covered with vegetable gardens to supply food. An eternal flame was lit in the centre of the park in 1957, in memory of the victims of various wars and revolutions. More selected pictures French invasion of Russia Image credit: Charles Joseph MinardCharles Minard's Carte figurative (1869), which details the losses of men, the position of the army, and the freezing temperatures on Napoleon's disastrous 1812 invasion of Russia. Created in an effort to show the horrors of war, the graph "defies the pen of the historian in its brutal eloquence" and has been called the best statistical graphic ever drawn. More selected pictures Krestovsky Stadium Photograph credit: Andrew ShivaThe Krestovsky Stadium is the home ground of FC Zenit Saint Petersburg. Photographed here in 2016, when construction was nearing completion, it is situated on Krestovsky Island in the Russian city of Saint Petersburg. It was opened in 2017 as a venue for the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, and hosted the final, in which Germany beat Chile 1–0. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup the following year. Among other features, it has a retractable roof, and is equipped with a video-surveillance and identification system, as well as security-alarm, fire-alarm and robotic fire-extinguishing systems. The stadium's seating capacity is 67,800. More selected pictures Chesme Column Photograph credit: Andrew ShivaThe Chesme Column is a victory column in the Catherine Park at the Catherine Palace, a former Russian royal residence in Tsarskoye Selo, a suburb of Saint Petersburg. It was erected to commemorate three Russian naval victories in the 1768–1774 Russo-Turkish War, including the Battle of Chesma in 1770. The column is made from three pieces of white-and-pink marble; decorated with the rostra of three ships' bows, and crowned by a triumphal bronze statue depicting a Russian eagle trampling a crescent moon, the symbol of Turkey. Bronze plaques on three sides of the pedestal depict scenes from the battles, and the campaign is described on the plaque on the fourth side. More selected pictures Sukhoi Su-27 Photo credit: Dmitry A. MottlA Sukhoi Su-27 from the Russian Knights aerobatic team on landing, Kubinka, Russia. The Su-27 is a jet fighter plane originally manufactured by the Soviet Union with long range, heavy armament, and very high agility. Its closest American counterpart is the F-15 Eagle. More selected pictures Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Photo: FlorsteinThe Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum is a lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo, near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1811, the school produced 286 graduates, including the poet Anton Delvig and statesman Dmitry Tolstoy, before it was moved to Saint Petersburg in 1844. More selected pictures Peterhof Palace Photograph: Godot13The Peterhof Palace is a series of palaces and gardens located in the Russian town of Petergof, part of the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The site was commissioned by Peter the Great in 1709 for country habitation, but in 1717 he decided to expand the property as a result of his visit to the Palace of Versailles. The original architect of the buildings was Domenico Trezzini, and the style he used became the foundation for the Petrine Baroque style favored throughout Saint Petersburg. Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond was chosen to design the gardens, likely due to his previous collaborations with Versailles landscaper André Le Nôtre. Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli completed an expansion from 1747 to 1756 for Elizabeth of Russia. Together with other sites in the Saint Petersburg area, the complex is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. More selected pictures The Last Day of Pompeii Painting: Karl BryullovThe Last Day of Pompeii is an oil painting on canvas completed by the Russian artist Karl Bryullov between 1830 and 1833. The painting is based on sketches the artist completed in 1828 while visiting Pompeii, a city destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. It is now held in the State Russian Museum. More selected pictures Locomotive U-127 Photograph: HarveyqsLocomotive U-127 is a 4-6-0 steam locomotive of class U, preserved at the Museum of the Moscow Railway next to Paveletsky Rail Terminal in Moscow. Built in 1910, the locomotive was badly damaged during the Russian Civil War but restored in May 1923. The following year it hauled head of state Vladimir Lenin's funeral train from Gerasimovskaya to Paveletsky station. For the next 13 years it continued in passenger service, until it was withdrawn in 1937, restored, and preserved. More selected pictures Tauride Palace Photograph credit: Andrew ShivaThe Tauride Palace is one of the largest and most historic palaces in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was designed by Ivan Starov for Prince Grigory Potemkin, and was constructed between 1783 and 1789. After the owner's death, it was purchased by Catherine the Great, who constructed a theatre in the east wing and a church in the west wing. Many improvements were also made to the grounds, including construction of the Admiralty Pavilion, the gardener house, the orangery, glass-houses, bridges, and ironwork fences. Although the exterior of the building was rather plain, the interior was very luxurious. More recently, the building housed the first Imperial State Duma (1906–1917) and the post-revolution provisional government. More selected pictures Reindeer Image credit: Detroit Publishing Co.A late nineteenth-century photochrom of a reindeer sled, Arkhangelsk, Russia. Reindeer have been herded for centuries by several Arctic and Subarctic people including the Sami and the Nenets. They are raised for their meat, hides, antlers and, to a lesser extent, for milk and transportation. More selected pictures
редактировать Вы знали...- ... что Императорский флот России управлял Сатакундской флотилией (на фото ), подразделением канонерских лодок на финском озере во время Первой мировой войны , даже не стреляя из ружья?
- ... что Советский Союз Красная Армия «s T-10 танк был первоначально назван IS-10 для Иосифа Сталина ( Иосиф Сталин ), но переименованный в климате десталинизации , после смерти Сталина в 1953 году ?
- ... этот клезмерский музыкант Иосиф Гусиков стал всемирно известным благодаря своему изобретению - ксилофону, сделанному из дерева и соломы ?
Вы знали больше редактировать В этом месяце- 1 апреля 1434 г. - Юрий Дмитриевич прибыл в Москву и снова объявил себя Великим князем.
- 8 апреля 1783 г. - Крымское ханство вошло в состав Российской империи.
- 20 апреля 1876 г. - Апрельское восстание : болгарские националисты напали на штаб Османской полиции в Оборище .
- 28 апреля 1920 г. - Когда столица Азербайджана Баку находится под оккупацией 11-й армии , парламент согласился передать власть коммунистическому правительству Азербайджанской ССР .
- 30 апреля 1975 г. - Падение Сайгона . Столица Южного Вьетнама Сайгон была захвачена Вьетнамской народной армией .
Больше юбилеев Избранная кухня - покажи другуюКулебяка (от русского : кулебяка, Кулебяка ) представляет собой тип русского Пирог обычно заполнены с лососем или осетра , риса или гречки , Аппаратно вареные яйца , грибы , лук и укроп . Пирог выпекается в кондитерской оболочке, обычно из булочки или слоеного теста . В начале 20 века знаменитый французский шеф-повар Огюст Эскофье привез его во Францию и включил рецепты в свой шедевр «Полное руководство по искусству современной кулинарии» . ( Полная статья ... ) Избранная биография - показать другую Никита Зотов, ротогравюра Александра Осипова, 1882–1883 гг. Граф Никита Моисеевич Зотов (русский: Никита Моисеевич Зотов , тр. Никита Моисеевич Зотов , IPA: [nʲ'kʲta moɨ'sʲɛɪvʲɪt͡ɕ 'zotv] ( слушать ) ) (1644 - декабрь 1717) был наставником детства и другом русского царя Петра. Великий . Историки расходятся во мнениях относительно качества наставничества Зотова. Роберт К. Мэсси , например, хвалит его усилия, но Линдси Хьюз критикует образование, которое он дал будущему царю. О жизни Зотова известно немногое, кроме его связи с Петром. Зотов уехал из Москвы с дипломатической миссией в Крым в 1680 году и вернулся в Москву до 1683 года. Он стал частью «Веселой компании», группы из нескольких десятков друзей Петра, которая в конечном итоге превратилась в Синод шутливых и пьяных дураков. и шуты . Зотов был насмешливо назначен «князем-папой» Синода и регулярно руководил им на играх и торжествах. Он сопровождал Петра во многих важных случаях, таких как Азовские походы и пытки стрельцов после их восстания.. Зотов занимал ряд государственных постов, в том числе с 1701 года руководящую должность в личном секретариате царя. За три года до смерти Зотов женился на женщине на 50 лет младше его. Он умер в декабре 1717 г. по неизвестной причине. ( Полная статья ... ) Список избранных биографий |
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- Великая княгиня Анастасия Николаевна Российская
- Иван Баграмян
- Антон Чехов
- Леонард Эйлер
- Никита Филатов
- Никита Хрущев
- Мануэль I Комненос
- Лайка
- Владимир Ленин
- Эль Лисицкий
- Великая Княгиня Ольга Александровна России
- Великая Княгиня Ольга Николаевна России
- Серго Орджоникидзе
- Николай Римский-Корсаков
- Дмитрий Шостакович
- Эдуард Стрельцов
- Святослав I Киевский
- Петр Ильич Чайковский
- Ираклий Церетели
- Александр Василевский
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- 1 апреля 2021 г. - отношения России и США.
- России министр иностранных дел Сергей Лавров предупреждает о растущей «анти - Белый расизм» в Соединенных Штатах , говоря , что политкорректность в настоящее время «доведенный до крайности». Лавров также обвиняет США в попытке распространить культурную революцию по всему миру. ( The Moscow Times )
- 31 марта 2021 - Война на Донбассе
- Президент России Владимир Путин обвиняет Украину в «провоцировании вооруженного противостояния» с пророссийскими сепаратистами в истерзанной войной восточной части страны. Путин также заявил, что Украина не выполнила соглашение о прекращении огня в июле 2020 года в связи с конфликтом, в результате которого с момента его возникновения в 2014 году погибло более 14000 человек (Reuters через Yahoo! News )
- 31 марта 2021 г. - пандемия COVID-19
- Пандемия COVID-19 в России
- Россельхознадзор утверждает Carnivac-Ков, который является первым в мире COVID-19 вакцин для животных. (Новости NBC)
- 30 марта 2021 г. - пандемия COVID-19
- Венесуэла получила более 115 000 доз вакцины EpiVacCorona в рамках испытаний российской вакцины-кандидата. (Рейтер)
- 29 марта 2021 г. -
- Российский антикоррупционный активист и политик Иван Жданов , глава Фонда борьбы с коррупцией и союзник лидера оппозиции Алексея Навального , обвиняет власти в задержании его отца, чтобы оказать на него давление в связи с его антиправительственной деятельностью, включая массовые протесты с призывом к освобождение Навального. (Рейтер)
Выберите [►], чтобы просмотреть подкатегории▼ Россия ► Списки, связанные с Россией ► Здания и сооружения в России
редактировать ВикиПроекты- Родительские проекты
Страны WikiProject
• WikiProject Europe - Главный проект
ВикиПроект Россия - Сестринские проекты
WikiProject Caucasia
• WikiProject Советский Союз
• Российская военно-историческая целевая группа Военно-исторического WikiProject
• Целевая группа по советскому и постсоветскому кино
Что такое WikiProjects ? редактировать Выбранная цитатаРоссия сделала свой выбор в пользу демократии. Четырнадцать лет назад, независимо, без какого-либо давления извне, он принял это решение в интересах себя и интересов своего народа - своих граждан. Это наш окончательный выбор, и пути назад у нас нет. Не может быть возврата к тому, что было раньше. И залог этого - выбор самих россиян. Нет, гарантии извне не могут быть предоставлены. Это невозможно. Сегодня это было бы невозможно для России. Любой поворот к тоталитаризму для России был бы невозможен в силу состояния российского общества. - Владимир Путин , 2005 г. |
Еще избранные цитаты ... | Более... |
редактировать Рекомендуемый контентПривет и добро пожаловать! Ниже приводится список того, что вы можете сделать: - Очистка : очистки список для этого проекта доступен. См. Также список по категориям , вики-страницу инструмента и индекс WikiProjects .
- Сортировка по удалению: см. Сборник обсуждений по удалению статей, относящихся к России, составленный WikiProject Deletion sorting.
- Помогите статьями, размещенными в Категории: Россия статьи, требующие внимания
- Известность : статьи с проблемами известности , перечисленные в WikiProject Notability.
- Оцените статьи « Неоцененная Россия» в российском ВикиПроекте .
- Запрошенные статьи : Союз журналистов России , Бюро по делам русских эмигрантов в Маньчжурии , река Ассель , Тоджинская впадина , Городская реформа Екатерины II , Венник , Подробнее ...
- Запрошенные изображения : головной офис Трансаэро , аэропорт Домодедово
- Заглушки : Строительство и структура окурки , окурки компании , география окурки , История окурки , Военные окурки , Люди окурки , Университет окурки , Подробнее ...
- Пометьте страницы обсуждения статей, связанных с Россией, баннером {{ WikiProject Russia }}.
редактировать Связанные порталыАзия Сибирь Европа Евросоюз Первая Мировая Война Вторая Мировая Война Советский Союз Азербайджан Беларусь Болгария Китай Тайвань Грузия (страна) Германия Греция Иран Израиль Япония Эстония Финляндия Венгрия Латвия Литва Молдова Норвегия Северная Корея Польша Румыния Сербия Южная Корея Словакия Швеция Таджикистан индюк Туркменистан Украина Соединенные Штаты Узбекистан
редактировать Русские редакции проектов ВикимедиаЭнциклопедия | Словарь | Котировки | Тексты | Новости | Книги | | | | | | |
Следующие дочерние проекты Фонда Викимедиа предоставляют дополнительную информацию по этому вопросу: Учебные ресурсы Викиверситета
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