Acanthodoras
Agamyxis
Amblydoras
Anadoras
Anduzedoras
Astrodoras
Centrochir
Centrodoras
Doraops
Doras
Franciscodoras
Hassar
Hemidoras
Hypodoras
Kalyptodoras
Leptodoras
Lithodoras
Megalodoras
Merodoras[1]
Nemadoras
Opsodoras
Orinocodoras
Ossancora[2]
Oxydoras
Physopyxis
Platydoras
Pterodoras
Rhinodoras
Rhynchodoras
Scorpiodoras
Tenellus[3]
Trachydoras
Wertheimeria
The Doradidae are a family of catfishes also known as thorny catfishes, raphael catfishes or talking catfishes. These fish are native to South America, primarily the Amazon basin and the Guianas.
As of 2007, 31 genera and 78 species are in this family.[1] Wertheimeria is considered to be the sister taxon to all other doradids.[6] This family is monophyletic and contains the subfamilies Doradinae, Astrodoradinae and Wertheimerinae.[3]
The Astrodoradinae contain the genera Amblydoras, Anadoras, Astrodoras, Hypodoras, Merodoras, Physopyxis, and Scorpiodoras.
Doradids occur in most South American basins, though they are absent from the Pacific Coast drainages and from coastal drainages south of the Río de la Plata.[6] About 70% of the valid species occur in the Amazon basin; the Orinoco basin harbors about 22 species and ranks second in species richness.[6] Conversely, only two species of doradids have been described from Brazilian eastern coastal basins: Wertheimeria maculata from the Jequitinhonha and Pardo rivers and Kalyptodoras bahiensis from the Paraguaçu River.[6]
Doradids are easily recognized by a well-developed nuchal shield in front of the dorsal fin, as well as well-developed bony lumps along the lateral line that form thorny scutes.[1] Also, doradids typically have three pairs of barbels (no nasal barbels), an adipose fin, and four to six rays on the dorsal fin with a spine on the anterior (first) ray.[7] These fish are sometimes called "talking catfish" because of their ability to produce sound by moving their pectoral spine or vibrating their swim bladder.[7] Sizes range from 3.5 cm (1.4 in) SL in Physopyxis lyra to 120 cm (47 in) FL and 20 kg (44 lb) in Oxydoras niger.[6]