Microsciurus[1] or dwarf squirrels is a genus of squirrels from the tropical regions of Central and South America.
Recent DNA analysis has shown that there is some confusion regarding the traditional classification of the species in the genus Microsciurus,[2] and that the genus may be polyphyletic.[3] Currently, there are four species recognized:
A 2020 paper published on the taxonomy of Sciurinae split Microsciurus into three genera, one currently unnamed. The paper included genetic sampling from all species except Santander dwarf squirrel and (Microsciurus) simonsi. It suggests several new species, not all described.[4]
With a typical head-and-body length of about 15 cm (5.9 in) and a 12 cm (4.7 in) long tail, dwarf squirrels are relatively small. However, the Neotropical pygmy squirrel, not in this genus, is much smaller than these species, as are certain squirrels in Africa and Asia. Microsciurus species have gray or brown backs, and white bellies.
All dwarf squirrels in this genus live in tropical rain forests. Estimates of their abundance are limited.[5] The IUCN lists the conservation status as "Least Concern" for three of the species and "Data Deficient" for Microsciurus santanderensis.[6]