An SSA impersonation scam, or SSA scam, is a class of telecommunications fraud and scam which targets citizens of the United States by impersonating personnel of the Social Security Administration. SSA scams are typically initiated by pre-recorded messages, or robocalls, which are designed to panic the victim so that they follow the scammer's instructions. In 2018, over 35,000 incidences[spelling?] of SSA scam robocalls were reported to the Better Business Bureau, and the total losses of victims added up to over $10 million.[1] It is believed that approximately 47% of Americans were subject to an SSA impersonation scam robocall during a three-month period in mid- to late 2020, and that 21% of seniors were targeted by at least three SSA scam robocalls in the same time period.[2][3]
Most Social Security scams that occur start with computer-generated robocalls sent out in large quantities which claim to be from the Social Security Administration, however some have been known to be initiated via email and text messaging.[4] The message claims that the victim's Social Security number (SSN) has been or is going to be suspended, for reasons which include money laundering, drug dealing and fraud,[5] which are claimed to have been found to be linked to the victim's SSN. In variations of the scam, the call may even claim that the recipient's bank account is at risk and action must be taken to stop the immediate freezing or seizure of money from the account, that failure to comply with the call's instructions will result in the cancellation of government benefits, or that legal action is about to be taken against the recipient.[3] After this, the call demands that the recipient call a "helpline" so they can learn more about the case. Most calls use social engineering in order to make potential victims panic and call them.[6] Caller ID spoofing is often employed by the scammers, who sometimes send out their robocalls in a way so they appear to come from legitimate SSA phone numbers, to boost the credibility of the robocall.[7][8][9][10]
Once a victim calls the fictitious helpline, scammers based in call centers attempt to persuade them further, making the victim believe the legitimacy of the call, usually with help of a pre-written script. A particularly common script alleges that the victim's social security number was used to rent a car in Texas, which was later discovered abandoned and containing blood and drugs by law enforcement near the Mexico–United States border.[11] The scammers sometimes use the real names and badge numbers of SSA employees and spoof their phone numbers in order to legitimize the robocall.[4][12] It has been suggested that scammers have taken advantage of data breaches in order to persuade the victim that they are speaking to a legitimate government employee, by information gained from data breaches back to the victim.[13] During this phase, scammers also aim to gain as much of the victim's personal information as possible, such as their name, a partial or full SSN or their date of birth, usually under the guise of "verifying the caller's identity."[14] Victims may also be added to a sucker list if the scam is successful so that they can be targeted with other scams.[15]
Social Security scammers will request payment from the victims through untraceable routes, which are mainly through gift cards, pre-paid debit cards, wire transfer, cryptocurrency, or even packages of cash sent by mail.[16][17][18] The payment will undergo money laundering before it is claimed by the social security scammer. As a response to the increased usage of gift cards as untraceable means of payment by scammers, several companies have posted advisories warning about potential fraudulent uses,[19] however it has been reported that victims who have been successfully convinced by scammers often overlook warning signs and proceed to purchase gift cards.[20]