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"Galgulus" redirects here. The genus name Galgulus was also invalidly given to a toad bug genus (now Gelastocoris), to the rockfowl (now Picathartes), and to bulbuls (Microscelis).

Coracias
European roller.jpg
Adult European roller
Scientific classification e
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Coraciiformes
Family:Coraciidae
Genus:Coracias
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

9, see text

Synonyms
  • Galgulus Brisson, 1760

Coracias is a genus of the rollers, an Old World family of near passerine birds related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups, blues and browns predominating. The two outer front toes are connected, but not the inner one.

Taxonomy[edit]

The generic name Coracias was used by Carl Linneaus in 1758 for birds with knife-shaped beaks and cartilaginous tongues.[1]

The Ancient Greek word korakías (κορακίας),[2] derived from korax (κόραξ, ‘raven, crow’).[3]Aristotle described the coracias as a bird as big as a crow with a red beak,[4] which some believe to be the chough.[5]

The phylogenetic relationships among the species were determined in a molecular study published in 2018.[6]

Coracias
 

Blue-bellied roller – C. cyanogaster

 
 
 
 

Purple roller – C. naevius

 
 

Racket-tailed roller – C. spatulatus

 
 
 
 
 

Lilac-breasted roller – C. caudatus

 
 
 

Abyssinian roller – C. abyssinicus

 
 

European roller – C. garrulus

 
 
 
 
 

Indian roller – C. benghalensis

 
 
 

Indochinese roller – C. affinis

 
 

Purple-winged roller – C. temminckii

 
 
 
 
 
 

Extant species[edit]

Nine species are recognized:[7]

ImageCommon NameScientific nameDistribution
Purple rollerCoracias naeviussub-Saharan Africa
Indian rollerCoracias benghalensisWestern Asia to Indian Subcontinent
Indochinese rollerCoracias affiniseastern India to southeast Asia
Purple-winged rollerCoracias temminckiiIslands of Sulawesi, Bangka, Lembeh, Manterawu, Muna and Butung.
Racket-tailed rollerCoracias spatulatussouthern Africa from Angola, south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and southern Tanzania to northern Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique
Lilac-breasted rollerCoracias caudatussub-Saharan Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula
Abyssinian rollerCoracias abyssinicustropical Africa in a belt south of the Sahara, known as the Sahel
European rollerCoracias garrulusMiddle East, Central Asia and Morocco.
Blue-bellied rollerCoracias cyanogasterSenegal to northeast Democratic Republic of the Congo

Former species[edit]

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Coracias:

  • Olive-backed oriole (as Coracias sagittata)[8]
  • Eurasian golden oriole (as Coracias oriolus)[9]
  • Black-hooded oriole (as Coracias xanthornus)[10]
  • Broad-billed roller (as Coracias glaucurus)[11]
  • Broad-billed roller (afer) (as Coracias afra)[12]
  • Oriental dollarbird (as Coracias orientalis)[13]
  • Australian roller (as Coracias pacifica)[14]

Behaviour and ecology[edit]

Coracias rollers are watch-and wait hunters. They sit in a tree or on a post before descending on their prey and carrying it back in the beak to a perch before dismembering it. A wide range of terrestrial invertebrates, and small vertebrates such as frogs, lizards rodents and young birds, are taken. Their prey includes items avoided by many other birds, such as hairy caterpillars, insects with warning colouration and snakes.[15] They often perch prominently whilst hunting, like giant shrikes.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Coracias". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1 (Tenth reformed ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 107−108.
  2. ^ André Jean François Marie Brochant de Villers; Alexandre Brongniart; Pierre Jean François Turpin (1818). Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles (in French). Levrault. p. 349.
  3. ^ Craig, J. (1854). A New Universal, Technological, Etymological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language. p. 407.
  4. ^ Camus, A.-G. (1783). Histoire des animaux d'Aristote (in French). Chez la veuve Desaint. p. 225.
  5. ^ Greek Word Study Tool
  6. ^ Johansson, U. S.; Irestedt, M.; Qu, Y.; Ericson, P. G. P. (2018). "Phylogenetic relationships of rollers (Coraciidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and fifteen nuclear genes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 126: 17–22. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.030.
  7. ^ "Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
  8. ^ "Oriolus sagittatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
  9. ^ "Oriolus oriolus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
  10. ^ "Oriolus xanthornus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
  11. ^ "Eurystomus glaucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  12. ^ "Eurystomus glaucurus afer - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  13. ^ "Eurystomus orientalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  14. ^ "Eurystomus orientalis pacificus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
  15. ^ Fry, C. H.; Fry, K. (30 June 2010). Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-1408134573. OCLC 25547477.

External links[edit]

  • Roller videos on the Internet Bird Collection