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With the onset of the AIDS epidemic, American television episodes with LGBT themes sometimes featured LGBT characters, especially gay men, as a way for series to address the epidemic. Legal dramas like L.A. Law and Law & Order included euthanasia storylines centered on the deaths of gay men with AIDS. Sitcoms would occasionally broach the subject, but for the most part followed the pattern that had developed during the 1970s, with episodes following one of a handful of plot devices: a character close to a lead character would unexpectedly come out, forcing the characters to confront their own issues with homosexuality; a lead character is mistaken for gay; a lead character pretends to be gay; or, less frequently, a recurring character from the series comes out. In the first instance, it was rare that the gay character would ever make another appearance.[1]

Episodes[edit]

YearSeriesNetworkEpisodeSynopsis
1980Lou GrantCBS"Cover-Up"A teacher (Andrew Rubin) at a private school is falsely accused of sexual misconduct with a male student. The teacher rejects support from gay rights organizations because it might be assumed that he is gay.[2][3]
1980Archie Bunker's PlaceCBS"Archie Fixes Fred Up"Archie (Carroll O'Connor) sets gay waiter Fred (Dean Scofield) up with a woman to try to straighten him out.[4][5]
1980The AssociatesABC"The Censors"A television producer (Stuart Margolin), the network censor (Lee Wallace) and attorney Tucker Kerwin (Martin Short) consult with a gay activist (Richard Brestoff) to see if the gay community would be offended by the line "queer as a three-dollar bill". The activist initially acts stereotypically effeminate and lisps when he tells them that the phrase is not offensive in context but, dropping the stereotypical mannerisms, chastises them for so readily accepting the stereotypes and challenges them to create non-stereotypical gay characters.[6]
1980Barney MillerABC"The Child Stealers"Gay father Darryl (Ray Stewart) kidnaps his son from a playground. Officer Zatelli comes out to the squad in response to bigoted comments from Darryl's ex-wife.[7]
1980CBS ReportsCBS"Gay Power, Gay Politics"Purportedly about the power of the gay movement in San Francisco, this episode was widely criticized for sensationally focusing on sex and violating journalistic ethics.[8]
1980The Love BoatABC"Target Gopher/The Major's Wife/Strange Honeymoon/The Oilman Cometh"A groom and his best man are mistaken for a honeymoon couple in the "Strange Honeymoon" segment.[9]
1980Speak Up, America!NBC"Lesbians Fighting to Stay in the Military"[10]
1980TaxiABC"Elaine's Strange Triangle"Kirk (John David Carson), who Elaine (Marilu Henner) is interested in dating, has a crush on Tony (Tony Danza).[11][12]
1980Three's CompanyABC"The Love Lesson"Ralph Furley (Don Knotts) catches Jack making out with his date, Mr. Furley interprets this as a signal that Jack is trying to go straight, and offers to give him lessons to become a 'real man'.[13]
1980Vega$ABC"The Man Who Was Twice"The death threats being made against female impersonator Jeremy Welles (Jim Bailey) are coming from Welles' second personality, "Martin".[14]
1980WKRP in CincinnatiCBS"Hotel Oceanview"Herb (Frank Bonner) tries to seduce a potential client's assistant, Nikki (Linda Carlson). Nikki eventually tells Herb that she used to be Nick, his childhood friend.[15]
1981Barney MillerABC"Movie: part 1"Lieutenant Scanlon investigates a complaint that Wojohowicz (Max Gail) molested a male suspect. Wojohowicz outs Officer Zatelli. Series creator Danny Arnold worked closely with the National Gay Task Force to develop the Zatelli storyline.[16]
1981Lou GrantCBS"Venice"Dennis (Daryl Anderson) tries to make sense of the unexplained suicide of a young woman at Venice Beach. Same-sex attraction might have been a motive.[17]
1981Trapper John, M.D.CBS"Straight and Narrow"A police detective (Frank Martin) shoots and paralyzes San Francisco's first openly gay police officer (Joseph Cali) because he believes the police force is being "contaminated". Craig Russell plays Judy, a drag queen who cheers up a lonely older patient.[18]
1982American PlayhousePBS"Fifth of July"Kenneth Talley Jr. (Richard Thomas) is a gay paraplegic Vietnam veteran who lives at his family home with boyfriend Jed Jenkins (Jeff Daniels). The episode was based on the play Fifth of July, by Lanford Wilson.[19][20]
1982Cagney & LaceyCBS"Conduct Unbecoming"Cagney and Lacey's partner in uncovering an illegal handgun operation is accused of being gay after they discover his photograph in a gay magazine.[18]
1982DynastyABC"The Two Princes"Steven (Al Corley) comes out as gay to his family.[21]
1982Gimme a Break!NBC"The Chief's Gay Evening"An anti-gay joke leads to one of the Chief's (Dolph Sweet) officers (Eugene Roche) coming out.[22]
1982Hill Street BluesNBC"Trial By Fury"Belker (Bruce Weitz) befriends a gay prostitute named Eddie Gregg (Charles Levin).[23][24]
"Phantom Of The Hill"Eddie's (Charles Levin) lover is involved in a drug-related murder.[23]
1982Magnum, P.I.CBS"Jororo Kill"Magnum (Tom Selleck) must prevent a man, discharged from the British armed forces for being a transvestite, from killing a visiting Prime Minister.[25][26]
1982Too Close for ComfortABC"Monroe's Secret Love's Secret"Monroe develops a crush on a cross-dresser, not realizing the woman he's in love is actually a man.[27]
1983CheersNBC"The Boys in the Bar"One of Sam's (Ted Danson) best friends (Alan Autry) comes out as gay in a new autobiography and some of the regulars worry that Cheers might turn into a gay bar.[28][29]
1983Diff'rent StrokesNBC"The Bicycle Man"A police detective arrests the pedophile who was attempting to molest Arnold and one of his friends and clears up the misconception raised by Willis that the suspect was gay.[30][31]
1983Gimme a Break!NBC"Melissa"Nell (Nell Carter) sets the Chief up with a woman (Victoria Carroll), not knowing that she is transgender.[32][33]
1983Hill Street BluesNBC"Here's Adventure, Here's Romance"Following a deadly shooting at a gay bar, an off-duty cop, who is the only witness, is reluctant to come forward for fear that he'll be outed.[34]
1983HotelABC"Faith, Hope, and Charity"Playwright Zan Elliott (Carol Lynley) invites old friend Eileen Weston (Barbara Parkins) to the premiere of her new play. Eileen is disturbed to learn that Zan is a lesbian but maintains the friendship.[35]
1983St. ElsewhereNBC"Release"Dr. Craig's (William Daniels) college roommate (Andy Romano) is planning to have a sex change operation.[36][37]
"AIDS and Comfort"A Boston politician (Michael Brandon) checks into St. Eligius and learns that he has AIDS. He admits privately that he has had sexual encounters with men in the recent past. The first American medical drama to deal with the pandemic.[38]
1983Tony Brown's JournalPBS"Homosexuality Among Blacks"[39]
1983Trapper John, M.D.CBS"Baby on the Line"The parents of an infant diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia must decide whether to raise the child as a boy or a girl.[40]
1984BrothersShowtime"The Wedding"On the day of his wedding, Cliff Waters (Paul Regina) decides to come out as gay, which does not sit well with his two older brothers, Joe (Robert Walden), an ex-professional football player who now owns a restaurant, and Lou (Brandon Maggart), a conservative working-class man, especially after meeting Cliff's best friend Donald Maltby (Philip Charles MacKenzie).[41][42]
"You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me"Joe's ex-teammates, including Bubba (James Avery), jump to the wrong conclusion when they see Donald emerging from Joe's shower in a towel and frilly shower cap, and assume Joe is gay. Bubba later comes out to Joe and tells him that he has been attracted to him for some time.[43][44]
"Lizards Ain't Snakes"In a state of confusion, Cliff attends a Gay No More meeting, and accompanies Donald to a gay bar.[45]
"Fools Russian"Cliff's childhood hero, a wrestler named Ivan (Peter Palmer), newly out of the closet, falls for Lou.[46]
"It Only Hurts When I'm Gay"Police indifference sends Joe, Lou and Donald undercover to catch the gay bashers who beat up Cliff at a local gay hangout.[47]
"The Stranger"Joe hears that his pal Bubba has been in town for two weeks, and when he calls, Bubba acts distant. Joe questions him and learns that Bubba has AIDS. He tells Joe that there are funeral parlors that won`t even touch his dead body. When Donald hears the news, he blasts the lack of federal funds for research.[48][49]
1984HotelABC"Mistaken Identities"A father (Steve Kanaly) fears his son (Lance Kerwin) is gay so he attempts to set him up with a female prostitute.[35]
"Transitions"Maggie Dawson (Deirdre Hall) catches her sportscaster husband (Robert Reed) in the arms of his director, Biff (Granville van Dusen).[35]
1984Oh MadelineABC"Play Crystal for Me"Madeline (Madeline Kahn) disguises herself as a flamboyant author so she can appear on a TV talk show with a competing romance novelist (Charles Ludlam), who is a man posing as a woman.[50][51]
1984Kate & AllieCBS"Odd Boy Out"Chip's (Frederick Koehler) friends think he's a sissy because he lives in a house with two women.[52]
"Landlady"Kate (Susan St. James) and Allie (Jane Curtin) pretend to be a gay couple so that their landlady, who is gay and has a lover, will not increase their rent.[53][54]
1984The Love BoatABC"Country Blues/A Matter of Taste/Frat Brothers Forever"Doc's (Bernie Kopell) fraternity brother Buzz (Roy Thinnes) comes out to him in the "Frat Brothers Forever" segment.[55][56]
1984Murder, She WroteCBS"Birds of a Feather"Jessica (Angela Lansbury) travels to San Francisco to attend the wedding of her niece, Victoria, only to learn that her fiancé is doing drag at a nightclub to earn a living, and is subsequently charged with the murder of his boss. The fiancé is straight, as is the other drag queen.[57][58]
1984Night CourtNBC"The Blizzard"Dan (John Larroquette) is trapped in an elevator during an electrical outage with a gay man who is attracted to him.[59]
1984St. ElsewhereNBC"Girls Just Wanna Have Fun"Dr. Cavanero (Cynthia Sikes) invites visiting medical researcher Christine Holtz (Caroline McWilliams) to stay with her, only to become uncomfortable when Holtz comes out to her. Cavanero violates Holtz's confidence by telling several members of the staff and berates her for being unnatural. She later apologizes.[36][60]
1984Too Close for ComfortABC"Shipmates"When Ted (Ted Knight) invites Frank (Gerald S. O'Loughlin), an old acquaintance from the Navy, to dinner, Frank agrees to bring "Carol", with whom he's been living for 25 years. "Carol" turns out to be Carroll (William Prince). Carroll dies (off-screen) by the end of the episode.[61][62]
1985The Golden GirlsNBC"The Engagement"The girls have a gay live-in cook named Coco (Charles Levin), who was not retained in the regular series.[63][64]
1985Hill Street BluesNBC"Queen for a Day"Officer Coffey (Ed Marinaro) is propositioned by his former high school football coach, Coach Beasley (James Tolkan), during a prostitution sting.[65][66]
1985HotelABC"Rallying Cry"Guests Cameron (Lloyd Bochner) and Nora Wheeler (Marion Ross) sue for custody of their niece (Missy Francis) after learning that she has been left in the custody of a gay couple, Dr. Michael Vaughn (Douglas Barr) and Alex Halpern (Michael Sabatino).[67]
1985Miami ViceNBC"Evan"Crockett (Don Johnson) and Tubbs (Philip Michael Thomas) join forces with the Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms ... including Crockett's old partner and former friend, Evan Freed (William Russ). After Crockett rejects Freed's many attempts at rekindling the friendship, Tubbs tries to understand their troubled relationship. Crockett later confesses that years ago, both he and Freed had been best friends with a man named Mike Orgell. After admitting his homosexuality to his friends, Orgell faced serious harassment from Freed. The harassment from Freed became so bad that Orgell committed suicide. Crockett had not forgiven Freed and blamed him for the suicide. Later in the episode, Freed is revealed to have tremendous guilt over Orgell's suicide. Evan Freed is shot at the end of the episode and dies in the arms of Crockett, who has forgiven him.[68]
1985The New Alfred Hitchcock PresentsNBC"An Unlocked Window"A remake of a 1965 episode with Bruce Davison reprising the role of a transvestite nurse strangler originally played by T. C. Jones.[69]
1985Night CourtNBC"Best of Friends"Dan is upset when an old male friend (Jim Bailey) comes to visit after having become a woman.[70][71]
1985Trapper John, M.D.CBS"Friends and Lovers"Nurse Libby (Lorna Luft) is crushed to discover an old boyfriend (Robert Desiderio) is both gay and suffering from AIDS. When Trapper (Pernell Roberts) learns that AIDS patients are being routinely transferred to another facility, he persuades the hospital to open an AIDS ward.[72]
1986Cagney & LaceyCBS"Rites Of Passage"Tony Statinopolis (Barry Sattels), an openly gay man, moves in next door to Cagney (Sharon Gless) and the two become fast friends. Tony becomes a recurring character for the rest of the series.[73]
1986The Golden GirlsNBC"Isn't It Romantic?"Dorothy's (Beatrice Arthur) old friend Jean (Lois Nettleton), a lesbian whose partner has recently died, comes to visit and develops a crush on Rose (Betty White).[74]
1986Hill Street BluesNBC"Look Homeward, Ninja"Officer Kate McBride (Lindsay Crouse) is falsely accused of sexually harassing a female suspect. While she is innocent of the charge, she does come out.[34]
"Slum Enchanted Evening"Sgt. Belker (Bruce Weitz) comes to the aid of his friend Eddie (Charles Levin), who is dying of AIDS.[75]
1986HotelABC"Scapegoats"Homophobic bartender Frank (Ken Kercheval) believes he has contracted AIDS from gay waiter Joel (Leigh McCloskey), who is HIV-negative. Frank's ex-wife Sheila (Rita Taggart, assumes Frank is sleeping with men and his son Elliot (Doug Savant), assumes he is an IV drug user. He in fact was infected by a blood transfusion.[76]
"Undercurrents"Army officer Nick Hauser (Jan-Michael Vincent) learns that fellow officer Roger Gage (Boyd Gaines) is gay after Roger is bashed. The same gang later attacks Nick and bellhop Dave (Michael Spound) and Nick beats them. Nick is unable to accept Roger, who decides to come out and press charges even though he will lose his military career.[67]
1986HunterNBC"From San Francisco With Love"Hunter (Fred Dryer) figures out that detective Valerie Foster (Laura Johnson), investigating the murders of a millionaire and his son, actually plotted the murders with her lover Casey (Philece Sampler), the millionaire's wife.[77]
1986L.A. LawNBC"L.A. Law"The firm discovers that their late senior partner was gay.[78]
"The Venus Butterfly"In "The Venus Butterfly" and "Fry Me to the Moon", Christopher Appleton (Peter Frechette) is a person with AIDS prosecuted by Grace Van Owen (Susan Dey) for the mercy-killing of his lover, who also had the disease. Stanley Kamel plays Appleton's gay attorney, Mark Gilliam, who would make several additional appearances.[79]
"Fry Me to the Moon"In "The Venus Butterfly" and "Fry Me to the Moon", Christopher Appleton (Peter Frechette) is a person with AIDS prosecuted by Grace Van Owen (Susan Dey) for the mercy-killing of his lover, who also had the disease. Stanley Kamel plays Appleton's gay attorney, Mark Gilliam, who would make several additional appearances.[79]
1986MatlockNBC"The Stripper"In the final moments of the episode Matlock (Andy Griffith) tells the court that the mysterious and elusive murderer Helen Shelly is really a cross-dressing male strip club worker suffering from identity confusion.[80]
1986The Twilight ZoneCBS"Dead Run"Truck driver Johnny Davis (Steve Railsback) accepts the job of delivering souls to Hell, with one of them for simply being gay.[81][82]
198721 Jump StreetFox"Honor Bound"The team investigates a military school where cadets are killing gays.[83]
1987CBS Schoolbreak SpecialCBS"What If I'm Gay?"Todd (Richard Joseph Paul) comes out after his friends find a gay magazine in his desk. Todd confronts Kirk (Manfred Melcher) about Kirk's homophobia, which may be rooted in his own anxiety about his sexual orientation and the sexual experimentation he and Todd engaged in when younger.[84]
1987Designing WomenCBS"Killing All the Right People"Tony Goldwyn plays Kendall Dobbs, a gay man with AIDS who asks the Sugarbaker firm to design his funeral. Series creator Linda Bloodworth-Thomason wrote the script after her mother died of AIDS contracted via a blood transfusion.[85] The episode's title is derived from a comment she overheard in the hospital: "The good thing about AIDS is that it's killing all the right people."[86] She incorporated a version of the remark into the script. "Killing All the Right People" was nominated for two Emmy Awards, for writing and editing.[87]
1987FameNBC, then Syndicated"Best Buddies"Danny's (Carlo Imperato) best friend comes out.[88]
1987Frank's PlaceCBS"Season's Greetings""Bubba" Weisburger (Robert Harper), longtime friend of Frank (Tim Reid), tells his mother that Frank is his lover in an effort to stop her nagging questions about when he is going to marry and settle down.[89]
1987The Golden GirlsNBC"Strange Bedfellows"Blanche (Rue McClanahan) is caught up in a scandal with a politician (John Schuck), who used to be a woman.[90]
1987Leg WorkCBS"Life Itself"Claire McCarron (Margaret Colin) helps a friend of hers, who has contracted AIDS, find his former lover as a dying wish.[91]
1987Miami ViceNBC"God's Work"A drug kingpin's son (Esai Morales) returns to Miami to be a part of his father's business and also holds a personal secret that he is gay.[92]
1987Nine to FiveABC"One Of The Girls"Bud (Edward Winter) learns that his college girlfriend Liz (Gail Strickland), is dating another woman, Chris (Hilary Thompson).[93][94]
198821 Jump StreetFox"A Big Disease with a Little Name"The team protects a high school student, Harley Poolish (Philip Tanzini), living with AIDS. He initially claims he is a hemophiliac who contracted the disease through contaminated blood products but eventually acknowledges that he is gay and the hemophilia story is a lie.[79]
1988The Bronx ZooNBC"Crossroads"Teacher Harry Barnes (David Wilson) learns that a student who is engaged to be married is secretly gay; Harry plans to out him to his fiancée.[95]
1988CheersNBC"Norm, Is That You?"On the recommendation of Frasier (Kelsey Grammer) and Lilith (Bebe Neuwirth), part-time house painter Norm (George Wendt) is hired as an interior decorator by a shallow yuppie couple, Robert and Kim Cooperman, (Jane Sibbett and George DelHoyo). Since the couple is convinced that all the best decorators are gay, Norm decides to put on a flamboyant act to prepare for the new job.[96]
1988The Golden GirlsNBC"Scared Straight"Blanche's younger brother Clayton (Monte Markham) comes out as gay on a visit to Miami.[97]
1988HotelABC"Contest of Wills"Joanne Lambert is killed in a car accident. When her father (Dick O'Neill) arrives to claim her body he learns that she had been living with hotel catering manager Carol Bowman (Christopher Norris). Although he is initially hostile to her, the two bond and Carol accompanies him home for Joanne's funeral.[98]
1988Midnight CallerNBC"After It Happened"Bisexual Mike Barnes (Richard Cox) deliberately infects Tina (Kay Lenz) (the ex-girlfriend of radio host Jack Killian (Gary Cole)) with HIV. Russ (J. D. Lewis) is Mike's ex-boyfriend who Mike abandoned when Russ got sick. Gay and AIDS activists protested during and after filming. Then-NBC affiliate KRON-TV in San Francisco ran a disclaimer before the show with an AIDS hotline number and aired a half-hour live special, Midnight Caller: The Response during which activists and public health officials aired their grievances.[99]
1989American MastersPBS"James Baldwin: The Price of the Ticket"This episode explored the life of James Baldwin, the openly gay writer.[100]
1989China BeachABC"China Men"Boonie (Brian Wimmer) develops feelings for a woman who used to be a man.[101]
1989Dear JohnNBC"Stand By Your Man"Tony (Cleavon Little) develops a crush on John (Judd Hirsch) and when John tries to let him down easy Tony makes a scene at a restaurant.[102][103]
"Margo"The group tells John that the knockout who's knocking him out is really a new member's, Sylvia (Annie Golden), transvestite husband, Margo/Frank (Shannon Tweed).[104]
1989Doctor, DoctorCBS"Torch Song Cardiology"Mike's (Matt Frewer) gay brother Richard (Tony Carreiro) helps Grant (Beau Gravitte) write a speech and the two become close friends, prompting some homophobia from Mike, Deirdre (Maureen Mueller) and Abe (Julius Carry III).[105]
1989Doogie Howser, M.D.ABC"Vinnie, Video, Vici"A gay artist, dying of AIDS, paints a mural in the hospital.[106]
1989HunterNBC"The Fifth Victim"The search for a serial killer of gay men leads to the knowledge that the supposed fifth victim was actually a copycat. Detective Frank Buchanan (Rick Giolito) comes out during the investigation.[77]
1989L.A. LawNBC"The Accidental Jurist"Kuzack (Harry Hamlin) chooses a retired judge (Donald Moffat) whom he knows is secretly gay to hear the case of an athlete (Brian McNamara) who loses an endorsement deal after coming out.[107][108]
1989Night CourtNBC"Passion Plundered"Harry (Harry Anderson) and Dan pursue a reporter sent to interview Harry, only to find out she is a lesbian.[109]
1989ThirtysomethingABC"Strangers"Melissa's (Melanie Mayron) gay friends Russell (David Marshall Grant) and Peter (Peter Frechette) are seen in bed together after having had sex. The actors were not allowed to touch during the scene and the episode generated controversy and alienated advertisers.[110]

See also[edit]

  • List of pre-Stonewall American television episodes with LGBT themes
  • List of 1970s American television episodes with LGBT themes
  • List of American television episodes with LGBT themes, 1990–1997
  • Lists of television programs with LGBT characters

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Tropiano 2002, pp. 191, 212, 224.
  2. ^ Daniel, Douglass K. (1996). Lou Grant: The Making of TV's Top Newspaper Drama. Syracuse University Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-8156-0363-4.
  3. ^ "Cover-Up". Lou Grant. Season 3. Episode 16. January 21, 1980. Event occurs at 38:21. CBS.
  4. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 263.
  5. ^ "Archie Bunker's Place, Episode 20, Archie Fixes Up Fred". TV Guide. Archie is determined to set his gay waiter straight by setting him up with a woman.
  6. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 214.
  7. ^ Capsuto 2000, p. 149.
  8. ^ Capsuto 2000, pp. 168-169.
  9. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 286.
  10. ^ Witt, Lynn; Thomas, Sherry; Marcus, Eric (2009). Out in All Directions: A Treasury of Gay and Lesbian America. Grand Central Publishing. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-446-56721-3.
  11. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 301.
  12. ^ "Taxi - Season 3 Episode 4, Elaine's Strange Triangle". Rotten Tomatoes.
  13. ^ "Three's Company: Season 4: Episode 17, The Love Lesson". Metacritic.
  14. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 66.
  15. ^ "WKRP in Cincinnati". LezWatch.TV. In “Hotel Oceanview,” Herb tries to seduce a potential client’s assistant, Nikki, only to find out she used to be his childhood friend, Nick.
  16. ^ Tropiano 2002, pp. 196-197.
  17. ^ Daniel, Douglass K. (1996). Lou Grant: The Making of TV's Top Newspaper Drama. Syracuse University Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-8156-2675-6.
  18. ^ a b Tropiano 2002, p. 82.
  19. ^ "American Playhouse: Fifth Of July (TV)". The Paley Center for Media.
  20. ^ "American Playhouse, Episode 9, The Fifth of July". TV Guide.
  21. ^ Parks, Tim (February 11, 2011). "Where Are They Now? Checking in with 12 Actors that Once Represented Us on Television". NewNowNext.
  22. ^ Fallon, Kevin (June 21, 2019). "What 'Golden Girls' Taught Me About Being Gay". The Daily Beast.
  23. ^ a b Tropiano 2002, pp. 88-89.
  24. ^ Brathwaite, Lester Fabian (July 15, 2019). "Remembering Charles Levin and His Groundbreaking Gay "Golden Girls" Character". NewNowNext.
  25. ^ "Magnum, P.I. - Season 2 Episode 13, The Jororo Kill". Rotten Tomatoes.
  26. ^ "Magnum, P.I.: The Jororo Kill (TV)". The Paley Center for Media.
  27. ^ Murray, Noel (March 8, 2012). "Too Close For Comfort, "For Every Man There's Two Women"". The A.V. Club.
  28. ^ White, Brett (March 28, 2017). "That Gay Episode: How Sam Malone Showed Acceptance Is Macho On 'Cheers'". Decider.
  29. ^ Tropiano 2002, pp. 192-193.
  30. ^ Adams, Erik; McGee, Ryan; Dyess-Nugent, Phil; Sims, David; Koski, Genevieve; Todd VanDerWerff, Emily; Bowman, Donna (August 21, 2013). "A "very special" Diff'rent Strokes that's terrifying for all the wrong reasons". The A.V. Club.
  31. ^ "Diff'rent Strokes - Season 5 Episode 17, The Bicycle Man". Rotten Tomatoes. In an episode about pedophilia, Arnold and Dudley are asked to join Horton in his back room---drinking wine, playing games and watching "adult" programs on TV.
  32. ^ "Gimme a Break!". LezWatch.TV.
  33. ^ "Gimme a Break!: Season 3: Episode 7: Melissa". Metacritic.
  34. ^ a b Tropiano 2002, p. 280.
  35. ^ a b c Tropiano 2002, p. 121.
  36. ^ a b "St. Elsewhere". LezWatch.TV.
  37. ^ Burt, Stephanie (September 26, 2019). "Transparent's Greatest Trans Legacy Is How Quickly It Grew Irrelevant". Vulture.
  38. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 33.
  39. ^ Witt, Lynn; Thomas, Sherry; Marcus, Eric (2009). Out in All Directions: A Treasury of Gay and Lesbian America. Grand Central Publishing. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-446-56721-3.
  40. ^ "Trapper John, M.D. - Season 4 Episode 13, Baby on the Line". Rotten Tomatoes. A couple learn that their baby boy has female internal organs.
  41. ^ Tropiano 2002, pp. 148-150.
  42. ^ O'Connor, John J. (July 18, 1984). "TV Review; 'Brothers,' Homosexuality In Series". The New York Times.
  43. ^ "Brothers: Episode 2: You Brought A New Kind of Love to Me". TV Guide.
  44. ^ "Brothers: You Brought A New Kind of Love to Me (TV)". The Paley Center for Media.
  45. ^ "Brothers - Season 1 Episode 3, Lizards Ain't Snakes".
  46. ^ "Brothers: Episode 9: Fools Russian". TV Guide.
  47. ^ "Brothers: Episode 12: It Only Hurts When I Am Gay". TV Guide.
  48. ^ Terry, Clifford (July 20, 1986). "'Brothers' A Cable Hit On Showtime". Chicago Tribune.
  49. ^ "Brothers: Episode 19: The Stranger". TV Guide.
  50. ^ "Oh Madeline - Season 1 Episode 17, Play Crystal for Me". Rotten Tomatoes.
  51. ^ Sternin, Robert; Fraser, Prudence; Dean, Barton; Marlens, Neal (February 28, 1984). "Play Crystal for Me". Oh Madeline. Season 1. Episode 17. 18:19 minutes in. ABC.
  52. ^ "Kate & Allie - Season 1 Episode 3, Odd Boy Out". Rotten Tomatoes.
  53. ^ Wong, Curtis M. (August 30, 2018). "Here's How 'Kate & Allie' Brought Queer Subtext To TV In 1984". HuffPost.
  54. ^ "Landlady: Kate & Allie: Season 2: Episode 2". Metacritic. Kate and Allie try to avoid a rent increase by convincing their landlady they are a gay couple instead of separate families.
  55. ^ Capsuto 2000, p. 200.
  56. ^ "Country Blues/A Matter of Taste/Frat Brothers Forever: The Love Boat: Season 8: Episode 14". Metacritic. one of Doc's womanizing fraternity brothers from his college days arrives on board, but with his male lover secretly in tow.
  57. ^ Graham, Adam (June 22, 2019). "Telefilm Review: Murder She Wrote: Birds of a Feather". Great Detectives of Old Time Radio.
  58. ^ "Murder, She Wrote - Season 1 Episode 3, Birds of a Feather". Rotten Tomatoes.
  59. ^ Capsuto 2000, p. 202.
  60. ^ Capsuto 2000, p. 202.
  61. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 195.
  62. ^ "Too Close for Comfort - Season 4 Episode 9, Shipmates". Rotten Tomatoes.
  63. ^ White, Brett (February 13, 2017). "Coco: The Groundbreaking Gay Character 'The Golden Girls' Left Behind". Decider.
  64. ^ Capsuto 2000, p. 217.
  65. ^ "Hill Street Blues: Queen For A Day (TV)". The Paley Center for Media.
  66. ^ "Hill Street Blues - Season 5 Episode 21, Queen for a Day". Rotten Tomatoes. Posing as a prostitute, Coffey is propositioned by his old coach (James Tolkan)
  67. ^ a b Tropiano 2002, p. 122.
  68. ^ "Evan". Miami Vice Chronicles.
  69. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 57-58.
  70. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 196.
  71. ^ "Night Court - Season 3 Episode 6, Best of Friends". Rotten Tomatoes. Though the original TV Guide listing for this episode did not indicate the reason that Dan was sorely disappointed when Chick arrived, the fact that the character was played by famed female impersonator Jim Bailey rather gave the game away.
  72. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 35.
  73. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 267.
  74. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 202.
  75. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 89.
  76. ^ Tropiano 2002, pp. 121-122.
  77. ^ a b Tropiano 2002, pp. 70-71.
  78. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 284.
  79. ^ a b c Tropiano 2002, p. 104.
  80. ^ "Matlock". LezWatch.TV.
  81. ^ Tropiano 2002, p. 304.
  82. ^ Kennedy, Michael (June 7, 2020). "Why The Twilight Zone's 1980s Revival Is Seriously Underrated". Screen Rant.
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References[edit]

  • Capsuto, Steven (2000). Alternate Channels: The Uncensored Story of Gay and Lesbian Images on Radio and Television. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-41243-5. LCCN 00104495. OCLC 44596808.
  • Tropiano, Stephen (2002). The Prime Time Closet: A History of Gays and Lesbians on TV. New York: Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. ISBN 1-55783-557-8. LCCN 2002003220. OCLC 606827696.