Lagunas de Montebello, or Montebello Lakes, (Spanish: Parque Nacional Lagunas de Montebello) is a national park in the Mexican state of Chiapas, near the border with Guatemala, comprising 59 multi-colored lakes in a pine forest[3][4] and two Maya ruins. It was the first national park in Chiapas when created in 1959,[5] and in 2009 the park was designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.[1]
The Lagunas de Montebello National Park is in the municipalities of La Trinitaria and La Independencia in southeastern Chiapas state, close to Guatemala. The nearest city is Comitán, an hour's drive to the west; the popular tourist city of San Cristóbal de las Casas is a further two more hours to the west.[3]
The Lagunas de Montebello National Park covers an area of 6,411 hectares (15,840 acres), of which 3,412 hectares (8,430 acres) are considered the "core area". It is located on the high plains of Chiapas, with an altitude between 1,500 and 1,800 metres (4,900 and 5,900 ft) above sea level.[1]
The main attractions of the national park are its 59 lakes, collectively called the Montebello Lakes. The lakes are famous for their striking colors, which vary due to their different mineral contents, ranging from emerald and turquoise to dark green, and even purple and reddish black. About 15 of the lakes are easily accessible by car or foot.[4][6] Lago Tziscao is the largest of the lakes with a village nearby. Other lakes include Montebello, La Cañada, Pojoj, and a group of five lakes known as the Lagunas de Colores (Lakes of Colors: Encantada, Ensueño, Esmeralda, Agua Tinta, and Bosque Azul). Many of the lakes are open for swimming, canoeing, and kayaking. There are also cenotes and a group of limestone caves[7] called Grutas San Rafael del Arco in the park that can be visited on foot or horseback.[8] Scientists have recently expressed concern that the lakes are losing their colours and becoming muddy and lifeless. This is due to untreated wastewater and agricultural runoff entering the lakes (via the Grande River which flows directly into the lakes) and deforestation of parts of the lake basins.[9]
Озеро Мецабок, площадь которого обычно составляет 220 акров (89 га), полностью высохло в августе 2019 года из-за засухи. Еще шесть лагун за пределами парка также высохли. [10]
Также на территории парка находятся руины майя среднего размера Чинкултик , доколумбового города, построенного в третьем веке и заброшенного в 13 веке. Это место еще не тщательно раскопано, и многие здания до сих пор скрыты под растительностью. С вершины Акрополя, главной пирамиды, открывается прекрасный вид на многие разноцветные озера национального парка. Здесь около 200 зданий, включая несколько пирамид и уникальную асимметричную площадку для игры в мяч, иероглифические надписи которой указывают на то, что она была освящена в мае 591 года. Среди руин разбросаны резные стелы, изображающие правителей Чинкултика. [11]