Верховный суд Небраски

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Верховный суд Небраски
Государственная печать Небраски
Учредил	1854 г.
Место расположения	Линкольн, Небраска
Уполномоченный	Конституция Небраски
Призывы к	Верховный суд США
Количество позиций	7
Веб-сайт	Официальный веб-сайт
Главный судья
В настоящее время	Майкл Хевикан
С	2 октября 2006 г.
Ведущая позиция заканчивается	5 января 2023 г.

Зал суда

Верховный суд Небраски является высшей судебной инстанцией в американском штате в штате Небраска . Суд состоит из главного судьи и шести помощников судей . Каждый судья первоначально назначается губернатором Небраски ; при использовании плана штата Миссури каждое судье подлежит повторному голосованию на дополнительные шестилетние сроки. Каждый из шести судей представляет округ Верховного суда; главный судья назначается (и удерживается) на свободе.

В отличие от большинства других штатов, за исключением Северной Дакоты, Верховный суд Небраски требует квалифицированного большинства в пять судей из семи для вынесения решения о неконституционности законодательного положения (в 48 других штатах требуется простое большинство). ^[1]

Судьи суда [ править ]

Выбор судей [ править ]

Суд состоит из главного судьи и шести младших судей.. Каждый из шести судей представляет округ Верховного суда. Если должность становится вакантной, комиссия по назначению судей, состоящая из четырех юристов и четырех неюристов, проводит слушания для отбора потенциальных кандидатов. Затем комиссия представляет два имени губернатору Небраски, который затем определяет заменяющего судью. Если губернатор не выполняет эту обязанность в течение 60 дней с момента получения кандидатов, ответственность затем переходит к главному судье Верховного суда штата. Чтобы остаться в должности, судья должен баллотироваться на повторных выборах после трехлетнего отъезда. Кроме того, судья должен избираться каждые шесть лет, чтобы сохранить свое место. Если судья получает менее 50% голосов «за», судья не сохраняется. У судей Небраски нет обязательного пенсионного возраста,но им предоставляется пенсия в возрасте 65 лет или раньше, если это связано с инвалидностью.^[2]

Районы [ править ]

Верховный суд Небраски разделен на шесть округов, из которых выбран один судья, который подлежит удержанию в должности (за исключением Главного судьи, который сохраняется на территории всего штата). Районы в основном следуют линиям графств следующим образом.

Район 1 [ править ]

• Ланкастер
• Сьюард

Район 2 [ править ]

• Дуглас (часть)

Район 3 [ править ]

Район 4 [ править ]

• Сарпи (часть)

Район 5 [ править ]

Район 6 [ править ]

Текущие судьи [ править ]

В настоящее время членами Верховного суда Небраски являются:

Chief justice[edit]

Mike Heavican is the Chief Justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court. He was appointed to the court by Governor Dave Heineman, a Republican, and assumed office as the court's presiding justice on October 2, 2006. He was retained in 2010. The Chief Justice is appointed (and retained) at-large.

Salaries[edit]

As of January 2017, the Associate Justices and Chief Justice earn $171,975 annually. National Center for the State Courts, Salary Comparisons, Nebraska

History of the court[edit]

1850s to 1970s[edit]

Nebraska's original Supreme Court, referred to as the Territorial Supreme Court, was established following the Kansas–Nebraska Act in May 1854. Fifteen male judges comprised the bench of the Territorial Supreme Court. During the seventy-one years between 1867, when Nebraska became a state, to 1938 a total of thirty-seven judges sat on the Nebraska Supreme Court. The original total of a bench of fifteen was reduced to three. The three Supreme Court judges also served simultaneously as district court judges at the time of Nebraska's statehood. The Nebraska constitution was then amended in 1908 to include a bench of six associate justices and one chief justice. The chief justice position would be held by the justice with the least amount of time remaining in his term. The judges were originally chosen by partisan election. In 1908 this was later amended to a nonpartisan election. Currently the Nebraska Supreme Court justices are elected by way of a modified Missouri Plan.^[5]

In the Nebraska Supreme Court's early years there were no regulations as to what cases could be appealed and heard by the court. Due to the lack of regulations the Supreme Court's docket became overloaded. As a solution the Nebraska Supreme Court was allowed to elect commissioners to assist with the workload. Originally three commissioners were elected, one from the Democratic Party, one from the Republican Party, and the last a member of the Populist Party. The three commissioners would serve a term of three years. In 1901 the commissioners numbers increased from three to a total of nine. Six of the nine commissioners would serve a one-year term and three would serve a two-year term. The commissioners sat in groups of three. This resulted in the creation of four appellate courts, the fourth being the Supreme Court. Select District Court justices were allowed to sit on cases heard by the Supreme Court under four stipulations found in Article V, Section 2 of the state's constitution. If the court was sitting in two separate five judge divisions, if the constitutionality of a statute was in question, an appeal case of a convicted homicide, and lastly when a decision by a division of the Nebraska Supreme Court was under review.^[5] ) In 1977 a general guideline pertaining to the format of a court report was drafted and released to the court's reporters. This guideline would assure that all reports were structured in the same manner. Even with the efforts to increase the time efficiency of the Supreme Court the docket remained over filled. It was proposed to increase the existing bench of seven judges to a bench of nine. The amendment was opposed but revisited later in 1977. It was in this year that the Supreme Court Judges received a salary of 39,750 dollars, an increase from previous years.^[6]

Boyd v. Nebraska ex Rel. Thayer[edit]

The case Boyd v. Nebraska ex Rel. Thayer was heard by the Supreme Court in 1891. The case was the result of a Gubernatorial Election in which Omaha Democrat James Boyd claimed victory. There were accusations by the Populist party regarding fraudulent votes in the favor of Boyd. John M. Thayer, the existing governor of the state, refused to give up his office. Thayer questioned the legitimacy of Boyd's citizenship claiming he was not eligible for office. Boyd's father, an immigrant, obtained citizenship after his son reached the age of majority. Thayer filed a quo warranto in the Nebraska Supreme Court. The court ruled that the father's citizenship did not apply to Boyd. The Nebraska Supreme Court restored Thayer to office. Boyd appealed after the ruling. The case progressed to the United States Supreme Court. The court ruled that Boyd was a citizen.^[5]

Chief Justice Robert G. Simmons[edit]

Chief Justice Robert G. Simmons was born in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska in 1891. He attended Hastings college and the University of Nebraska's College of Law. His early career paths included Scotts Bluff County Attorney, a lieutenant in the army, and was elected to congress as a Republican. On November 8, 1938 Simmons defeated former attorney general C.A. Sorenson and was elected Chief Justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court. The Simmons era heard several cases involving capital punishment. The court issued death warrants for four murders. The four death sentence's method was the electric chair. One of the four executions in the Simmons Era was Charles Starkweather. In 1951 the Simmon's court heard the case of Drabbels v. Skelly Oil Co. This case addressed the legitimacy of a murder charge in regard to an unborn child. The court unanimously ruled that a child who is still within the womb of the mother has no claim to life. Chief Justice Simmons retired on January 2, 1963 after serving on the bench for slightly over twenty five years. The longest term a chief justice has served in Nebraska's Supreme Court.^[5]

Meyer v. Nebraska[edit]

Structure of the Nebraska courts[edit]

Decisions of the county court can be appealed to the district court, although some cases, such as probate cases and decisions of the county court sitting as a juvenile court, may be appealed directly to the Nebraska Court of Appeals. Decisions of the district court, juvenile courts, and workers' compensation court are appealable to the Court of Appeals. Decisions of the Court of Appeals are subject to further review by the Supreme Court.^[7]

Notable cases[edit]

• Chicago B. & Q.R. Co. v. Krayenbuhl: Liability
• Meyer v. Nebraska: Due process
• Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart: Free speech

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Nebraska Supreme Court Homepage.

Coordinates: 40°48′29″N 96°41′59″W / 40.808090°N 96.699587°W / 40.808090; -96.699587

• "Nebraska", Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School, OCLC 1078785565, Court decisions freely available to the public online, in a consistent format, digitized from the collection of the Harvard Law Library