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Schwarzburg is a municipality in the valley of the Schwarza (German: Schwarzatal) in the district Saalfeld-Rudolstadt in Thuringia, Germany.

It was first mentioned in 1071 as Swartzinburg. The (now-ruined) castle was from the 12th century the seat of the Counts of Schwarzburg. Then Rudolstadt became seat of the new line of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.

On 11 August 1919, while on holiday in Schwarzburg, Friedrich Ebert, the first Reichspräsident of Germany, signed the Weimar constitution, the first democratic constitution of Germany.

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