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В 2020 Демократической партии президент дебатов состоялись среди кандидатов в кампании для Демократической партии номинации «s для президента Соединенных Штатов в 2020 году президентских выборов .

Всего было 29 основных кандидатов от демократов. Из них 23 кандидата приняли участие как минимум в одной дискуссии. Только Джо Байден и Берни Сандерс участвовали во всех дебатах; Пит Буттиджич , Эми Клобучар и Элизабет Уоррен участвовали во всех дебатах, кроме одной.

Обзор [ править ]

D1 Miami
D1 Майами
D2 Detroit
D2 Детройт
D3 Houston
D3 Хьюстон
D4 Westerville
D4 Вестервиль
D5 Atlanta
D5 Атланта
D6 LA
D6 LA
D7 Des Moines
D7 Де-Мойн
D8 Manchester
D8 Манчестер
D9 Paradise
D9 Рай
D10 Charleston
D10 Чарльстон
D11 Washington, D.C.
D11 Вашингтон, округ Колумбия
Сайты одиннадцати президентских дебатов демократов.

Расписание [ править ]

В декабре 2018 года Национальный комитет Демократической партии (DNC) объявил график проведения 12 официальных дебатов, санкционированных DNC, которые должны начаться в июне 2019 года, с шестью дебатами в 2019 году и оставшимися шестью в течение первых четырех месяцев 2020 года. Кандидатам разрешается участвовать в форумах с участием нескольких других кандидатов, пока только один кандидат появляется на сцене одновременно; если кандидаты участвуют в каких-либо несанкционированных дебатах с другими кандидатами в президенты, они теряют приглашение на следующие дебаты, санкционированные Национальным комитетом демократов. [1] [2]

DNC также объявил, что не будет сотрудничать с Fox News в качестве медиа-спонсора для любых дебатов. [3] [4] В последний раз Fox News проводила дебаты Демократической партии в 2003 году. [5] Все медиа-спонсоры, выбранные для проведения дебатов, в соответствии с новым правилом должны будут назначать по крайней мере одну женщину-модератора для каждой дискуссии, чтобы гарантировать, что будет не допускать предвзятого отношения к кандидатам и темам дебатов. [6]

Участие [ править ]

Ниже приводится таблица кандидатов, участвующих в каждой дискуссии:

Дебаты в 2019 г. [ править ]

Первые дебаты (26–27 июня 2019 г.) [ править ]

Квалификация [ править ]

Чтобы претендовать на участие в первых дебатах, участники должны были, как минимум, соответствовать одному из двух перечисленных критериев. Если бы это привело к отбору более чем 20 квалифицированных кандидатов, эти два критерия оценивались бы в комбинации в соответствии с изложенным набором правил определения победителя , но, поскольку 20 кандидатов прошли квалификацию, никакого разрешения на ничью не требовалось. [57] Крайний срок для кандидатов, отвечающих любому из нижеперечисленных критериев, - 12 июня. [58] [59]

Резюме [ править ]

В первые президентские дебаты Демократической партии в преддверии 2020 года президентских выборов в США были проведены в двух группах по 26 и 27 июня 2019 года в Майами , штат Флорида .

Начиная с 20:00 по восточному поясному времени, они транслировались на NBC и транслировались по радио на Westwood One . Лестер Холт был ведущим модератором дебатов, к нему присоединились Саванна Гатри , Чак Тодд , Рэйчел Мэддоу и Хосе Диас-Баларт .

DNC провел жеребьевку среди 20 подходящих кандидатов для первых дебатов, чтобы определить, следует ли им выступать в первую ночь (26 июня) или во вторую ночь (27 июня) в штаб-квартире NBC News ( 30 Rockefeller Plaza ) в Нью-Йорке в июне. 14. Квалифицированные кандидаты или их представители присутствовали и участвовали в розыгрыше, [89] который не транслировался по телевидению. [90]

Дебаты проходили в Центре Аршт в Майами , Флорида . Первая ночь дебатов ознаменовалась заметным спором между О'Рурком и Кастро по поводу иммиграции, который, по общему мнению, Кастро выиграл, в то время как Уоррен оправдал ожидания как кандидат высшего уровня. Кроме того, Букер и Клобучар оказались в центре внимания, причем Клобучар, в частности, была отмечена своими остротами, одна из которых была о признании того факта, что впервые в истории США на сцене было по крайней мере три женщины. президентские дебаты. [91] [92] Габбард выступил против Райана по поводу продолжения присутствия США в Афганистане . [93]Букер, Кастро и О'Рурк говорили по-испански в разное время во время дебатов, которые были встречены неоднозначно и были встречены шутками со стороны участников второго вечера Уильямсона и Янга в Twitter. [94] [95] Во вторую ночь Харрис и Байден поссорились из-за прошлых комментариев Байдена о работе с сегрегационными сенаторами и его позиции по десегрегации автобусов . [96]

Вторые дебаты (30–31 июля 2019 г.) [ править ]

Квалификация [ править ]

Критерии отбора для вторых дебатов были такими же, как и для первых дебатов. [98] Чтобы пройти во вторые дебаты, участники дебатов должны были, как минимум, соответствовать одному из двух перечисленных ниже критериев. [57] Майк Гравел не был приглашен на дебаты, так как он только достиг порога доноров, которому придали меньший вес, чем порог голосования. [99] Крайний срок для кандидатов, отвечающих любому из нижеперечисленных критериев, истекал 16 июля. [100]

Резюме [ править ]

В вторых президентских дебатах Демократической партии в преддверии 2020 года президентских выборов в США были проведены 30 и 31 июля 2019 года, в Детройте , штат Мичиган .

Начиная с 20:00 по восточному поясному времени, они транслировались по CNN и транслировались по радио Westwood One . Джейк Таппер был ведущим модератором дебатов, к ним присоединились Дана Баш и Дон Лемон .

Жеребьевка среди 20 приглашенных кандидатов для определения того, когда они будут проводить дебаты, транслировалась по телевидению в прайм-тайм 18 июля. [106] Было три уровня кандидатов, которые были разделены на два вечера, в отличие от двух уровней, используемых в первом. дебаты. [107]

Всего для участия во вторых дебатах прошел 21 кандидат. 14 кандидатов, которые соответствовали обоим критериям (Байден, Сандерс, Уоррен, Харрис, Буттиджиг, О'Рурк, Букер, Клобучар, Кастро, Янг, Габбард, Гиллибранд, Инсли и Уильямсон), и шесть кандидатов, которые соответствовали только критерию голосования ( Райан, Хикенлупер, Делани, де Блазио, Беннет и Баллок) были приглашены для участия в дискуссии. Gravel, единственный кандидат, прошедший квалификацию только по критерию донора, не был приглашен из-за ограничения в 20 кандидатов и приоритета критерия голосования над критерием донора, как того требует DNC. Набор участников для вторых дебатов был идентичен первым дебатам с одним исключением: Баллок заменил Суолвелла, который приостановил свою кампанию между первым и вторым дебатами. [99]

В дебатах 30 июля участвовали Буллок, Буттигиг, Делани, Хикенлупер, Клобучар, О'Рурк, Райан, Сандерс, Уоррен и Уильямсон, а в дебатах 31 июля участвовали Беннет, Байден, Букер, Кастро, де Блазио, Габбард, Гиллибранд, Харрис, Инсли и Ян. [49] [108] Оба дебата проходили в Театре Фокса в Детройте, штат Мичиган.

Главной темой первого вечера было столкновение умеренных и прогрессивных людей по множеству вопросов, от Medicare для всех до возможности избрания. [109] CNN подверглась критике за якобы разжигание конфликтов между кандидатами и постановку вопросов из тезисов республиканцев, а также за слишком строгое соблюдение временных рамок. [110] Во второй вечер состоялась серьезная дискуссия, посвященная различным планам медицинского обслуживания кандидатов. Вдобавок Габбард перешел в наступление на Харриса. [111] [112]

Участие [ править ]

Каждое из первых двух дебатов проходило в течение двух вечеров подряд, максимум 10 кандидатов за ночь. DNC на публичном мероприятии перед каждым дебатом жребий среди подходящих кандидатов, чтобы определить, будут ли они дебаты в первую или вторую ночь. [113] [114] Эта процедура жеребьевки была разработана, чтобы избежать появления дебатов «за детским столом», когда кандидаты с наименьшим количеством голосов были сгруппированы вместе без ведущих кандидатов, что произошло во время президентских дебатов Республиканской партии в 2016 году . [115]

Третья дискуссия (12 сентября 2019 г.) [ править ]

Квалификация [ править ]

Третья дискуссия прошла на арене здоровья и физического воспитания в кампусе Южного Техасского университета в Хьюстоне , штат Техас . Для участия в третьих дебатах кандидаты должны были соответствовать критериям голосования и сбора средств к 28 августа (по сравнению с первыми и вторыми дебатами, где требовался только один критерий). Отборочные опросы должны были быть опубликованы в период с 28 июня по 28 августа. [116] Пять кандидатов (Гравел, Хикенлупер, Инсли, Моултон и Гиллибранд) приостановили свои кампании между вторым и третьим дебатами.

23 августа кампания Габбарда подвергла критике предполагаемую непрозрачность DNC в процессе выбора организаций / учреждений для спонсирования опросов и то, как были исключены опросы с более высокими рейтингами. Кампания также подчеркнула резкое сокращение частоты опросов, особенно в начальных штатах [117] после второй дискуссии по сравнению с первой дискуссией, и то, как они считали, что это «особенно вредно» для кандидатов с более низким уровнем признания имени. [118] Кампании Марианны Уильямсон, [119] Тома Стейера [120] и Майкла Беннета [121] [122] также потребовал, чтобы DNC увеличил количество сертифицированных опросов, расширив список сертифицированных организаций, спонсирующих опросы.

Резюме [ править ]

В третьем президентских дебатах Демократической партии в преддверии 2020 года президентских выборов в США состоялось 12 сентября 2019 года в Хьюстоне , штат Техас .

Он транслировался на ABC News и Univision . Джордж Стефанопулос был ведущим модератором дискуссии, к которой присоединились Дэвид Мьюир , Линси Дэвис и Хорхе Рамос . [142]

Кандидатами, прошедшими третье обсуждение, были Байден, Букер, Буттигиг, Кастро, Харрис, Клобучар, О'Рурк, Сандерс, Уоррен и Янг. [50]

Четвертые дебаты (15 октября 2019 г.) [ править ]

Квалификация [ править ]

В меморандуме, выпущенном DNC 5 августа, указывалось, что квалификационный период для четвертых дебатов в октябре начался 28 июня, то есть в тот же день, когда началась квалификация для третьих дебатов (фактически позволяя всем кандидатам, прошедшим квалификацию для третьих дебатов, автоматически попадают в четвертые дебаты). Это дало кандидатам, не прошедшим квалификацию для участия в сентябрьских дебатах, больше времени для участия в октябрьских дебатах. [144] Байден, Букер, Буттигиг, Кастро, Харрис, Клобучар, О'Рурк, Сандерс, Уоррен и Ян квалифицировались до 22 августа [145], а Штайер и Габбард прошли квалификацию 8 [146] и 24 сентября соответственно. [147] Крайний срок квалификации для четвертых дебатов - 1 октября 2019 г. [148]Один кандидат (де Блазио) приостановил свою кампанию между третьим и четвертым дебатами. [149]

Резюме [ править ]

В четвёртом президентские дебаты Демократической партии состоялось во вторник 15 октября 2019 года в Вестервиль , Огайо , [159] от 8 до 11 вечера EDT. [160] 27 сентября DNC объявил, что дебаты будут включать всех 12 кандидатов в одну ночь, хотя некоторые предполагали, что дебаты пройдут в течение двух ночей, поскольку в них участвовало более 10 человек. Слева направо кандидатами были: Габбард (который пропустил предыдущие дебаты), Стейер (в его первых дебатах), Букер, Харрис, Сандерс, Байден и Уоррен (которые занимали центральное место), Буттиджиг, Янг, О'Рурк, Клобучар и Кастро. Порядок подиумов для дебатов определялся на основе среднего значения 10 последних опубликованных квалификационных опросов. CNNведущими дискуссии выступили ведущие Эрин Бернетт и Андерсон Купер, а также национальный редактор New York Times Марк Лейси. [161]

Дебаты транслировались исключительно на CNN, CNN International и CNN en Español, а также транслировались на домашней странице CNN.com и домашней странице NYTimes.com. Дебаты также транслировались в прямом эфире на следующих страницах Facebook: CNN, CNN International, CNN Politics, CNN Replay, AC360 и Erin Burnett OutFront.

Кроме того, дебаты были доступны на мобильных устройствах через приложения CNN и New York Times для iOS и Android, через приложения CNNgo для Apple TV, Roku, Amazon Fire, Chromecast и Android TV, каналы SiriusXM 116, 454 и 795, Westwood Единая радиосеть и национальное общественное радио. [162]

В дебатах в Огайо участвовало 12 кандидатов, что стало рекордом по количеству кандидатов на президентских дебатах.

Пятые дебаты (20 ноября 2019 г.) [ править ]

Квалификация [ править ]

В меморандуме, опубликованном Национальным комитетом демократов 23 сентября, указано, что квалификационный период для ноябрьских дебатов начался 13 сентября и закончился 13 ноября. Чтобы соответствовать критериям голосования, кандидаты должны были набрать три процента или более в четырех опросах, одобренных Комиссией. DNC. В качестве альтернативы, достижение пяти или более процентов в двух опросах, одобренных Национальным комитетом демократов, проведенных в Айове, Нью-Гэмпшире, Неваде или Южной Каролине, также считалось соответствием пороговому значению. Чтобы претендовать на роль доноров, кандидатам необходимо было получить пожертвования от 165 000 уникальных доноров с 600 уникальными донорами в 20 различных штатах, территориях или округе Колумбия. [164] Три кандидата (Мессам, О'Рурк и Райан) приостановили свои кампании между четвертым и пятым дебатами.

Резюме [ править ]

В пятых президентских дебатах Демократической партии состоялись 20 ноября 2019 года с 9 до 11:20 вечера по восточному, [25] в Тайлер Перри Studios в Атланте , Джорджия . [178] [179] [22] Модераторами выступили Рэйчел Мэддоу , Андреа Митчелл , Кристен Велкер и Эшли Паркер . [25]

Кандидатами, прошедшими квалификацию, были Байден, Букер, Буттиджиг, Габбард, Харрис, Клобучар, Сандерс, Стейер, Уоррен и Янг. [52]

Шестое обсуждение (19 декабря 2019 г.) [ править ]

Квалификация [ править ]

В служебной записке, выпущенной Национальным комитетом демократов 25 октября, указано, что квалификационный период для декабрьских дебатов начался 16 октября и закончился 12 декабря. Чтобы соответствовать критериям голосования, кандидаты должны были набрать четыре процента или более в четырех опросах, одобренных Комиссией. DNC. В качестве альтернативы, достижение шести или более процентов в двух опросах, одобренных Национальным комитетом демократов, проведенных в Айове, Нью-Гэмпшире, Неваде или Южной Каролине, также считалось соответствием пороговому значению. Чтобы претендовать на роль доноров, кандидаты должны были получить пожертвования от 200 000 уникальных доноров и 800 уникальных доноров в 20 различных штатах, территориях или округе Колумбия. [181]

Резюме [ править ]

В шестой президентские дебаты Демократической партии состоялось 19 декабря 2019 года в 8 часов вечера ET [53] на Университета Лойолы Marymount в Лос - Анджелесе , штат Калифорния , [28] и была организована PBS NewsHour и Политико . [197] Изначально он должен был пройти в Калифорнийском университете в Лос-Анджелесе . [198] Однако 6 ноября DNC объявил, что UCLA больше не проводит дебаты из-за трудового спора. [199]Три кандидата (Сестак, Буллок и Харрис) приостановили свои кампании в период между пятым и шестым дебатами Демократической партии; Харрис могла бы участвовать в шестых дебатах, если бы ее кампания продолжалась.

Габбард за несколько дней до того, как не прошла квалификацию для участия в дебатах, [53] объявила 9 декабря, что не будет участвовать независимо от того, соответствует ли она требованиям. [200]

Дебаты транслировались на сайтах Politico.com, PBS и CNN. [26]

Кандидатами, прошедшими квалификацию, были Байден, Буттигег, Клобучар, Сандерс, Стейер, Уоррен и Янг. [53] Основные моменты включали: обмен между Буттигигом, Уорреном и Сандерсом о финансировании кампании (включая упоминание о сборе средств Буттигига в винной пещере долины Напа ), разногласия между Клобучаром и Буттигигом по вопросу опыта и обсуждение вопросов здравоохранения между Сандерсом и Байденом. Кандидаты согласились с импичментом Дональда Трампа , который накануне был одобрен Палатой представителей. Сандерс и Клобучар разошлись во мнениях по поводу Соглашения между США, Мексикой и Канадой., причем первые выступили против ратификации, а вторые выступили за ее ратификацию. Ян, единственный цветной кандидат, выразил сожаление по поводу отсутствия Камалы Харрис и Кори Букера и заявил, что его предложение об универсальном базовом доходе позволит разнообразить сферу деятельности. Сандерс, Байден и Уоррен парировали вопрос о возрасте. [201] [202] Стейер заявил, что изменение климата будет его главным приоритетом на посту президента, и этот вопрос подробно обсуждался всеми кандидатами. [203] [204]

Китайское правительство подвергло цензуре прямую трансляцию дебатов после того, как модератор Джуди Вудрафф спросила Пита Буттигига, следует ли США бойкотировать зимние Олимпийские игры 2022 года в Пекине из-за предполагаемых нарушений прав человека в Китае в отношении уйгурских граждан . [205]

Дебаты в 2020 г. [ править ]

Седьмая дискуссия (14 января 2020 г.) [ править ]

Квалификация [ править ]

В меморандуме, выпущенном DNC 20 декабря, указано, что квалификационный период для январских дебатов начался 14 ноября 2019 г. и закончился 10 января 2020 г. Кандидат должен соответствовать критериям голосования и донора. Кандидаты должны были набрать 5% или более в четырех опросах, одобренных DNC, или 7% или более в двух опросах, одобренных DNC, проведенных в Айове, Нью-Гэмпшире, Неваде или Южной Каролине. Кроме того, кандидаты должны были получить пожертвования от 225 000 уникальных доноров, в том числе 1 000 уникальных доноров из 20 различных штатов, территорий или округа Колумбия. [207] Кандидатами, прошедшими квалификацию, были Байден, Буттигег, Клобучар, Сандерс, Стейер и Уоррен. [54] На этой стадии дебатов участвовали все кандидаты шестой дискуссии, кроме Яна. В предпоследний день Штайер квалифицировался с помощью двух предварительных опросов, в то время как остальные пять прошли квалификацию намного раньше. Янг и Букер соответствовали критерию сбора средств, но не соответствовали критериям голосования. Блумберг соответствовал критериям опроса, но не критерию сбора средств, поскольку тогда он не просил пожертвований. [208] Три кандидата (Кастро, Уильямсон и Букер) приостановили свою кампанию между шестым и седьмым дебатами, а Букер выбыл через два дня после того, как были объявлены подходящие кандидатуры.

Резюме [ править ]

The Democratic Party's seventh presidential debate was held from 8 to 10:15 p.m. CT[30] on Tuesday, January 14, 2020, at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa. It was hosted by CNN and The Des Moines Register.[32] Several sources noted an exchange between Warren and Sanders. They discussed Warren's accusation that Sanders told her privately that women could not successfully win the presidency. Sanders flatly denied this accusation and pointed to his deference to Warren before running for president in 2016. Warren insisted that Sanders had said women could not win and pointed out that the women on stage had not lost any election, while the men on stage had lost 10 elections combined.[213]

At the end of the debate when candidates were shaking hands with one another, Warren was seen declining a handshake from Bernie Sanders; the two candidates then appeared to argue with each other. It was later revealed that Warren commented to Sanders, "I think you called me a liar on national TV." Sanders replied, "Let's not do it right now. You want to have that discussion, we'll have that discussion. You called me a liar."[214]

Eighth debate (February 7, 2020)[edit]

Qualification[edit]

The qualifications for the eighth debate were similar to those for the January debate (5% nationally/early states, or 7% in early states, this time excluding Iowa) except for the added provision that all candidates who gained at least one pledged delegate in the Iowa caucus (which is expected to apply only to candidates supported by at least 15% of the final votes statewide or in a district) would also automatically qualify for the debate.[216] Candidates had until February 6 to qualify.[217]

The candidates who qualified included Biden, Buttigieg, Klobuchar, Sanders, Steyer, Warren, and Yang.[55]

One candidate (Delaney) suspended his campaign between the seventh and eighth debates.[218]

Summary[edit]

The Democratic Party's eighth presidential debate was held from 8–10:30 p.m. ET[35] on Friday, February 7, 2020, at Saint Anselm College in Manchester, New Hampshire. It was hosted by ABC's New Hampshire affiliate WMUR-TV and Apple News.[225]

Emerging as frontrunners after the Iowa caucuses, Buttigieg and Sanders came under attack by other candidates. Klobuchar questioned Buttigieg on his lack of political experience, whereas Biden pressed Sanders to clarify how he would fund Medicare For All and brought up his past stances on gun control, citing Sanders's votes against the Brady Bill in the 1990s. Moderator Linsey Davis also inquired Buttigieg on the rise in marijuana-related incarcerations of African Americans in South Bend during his tenure as mayor, which he attributed to "systemic racism". Candidates also voiced praise for Senator Mitt Romney of Utah, who was the only Republican senator to vote against Donald Trump's acquittal in his Senate impeachment trial two days earlier, and Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, who was fired from the National Security Council by Trump after serving as a key witness on the trial.[226] On the topic of campaign finance, Elizabeth Warren stated that political action committees had assisted all of the non-billionaire candidates except for Amy Klobuchar and herself. Another prominent issue discussed in the debate was abortion, with several candidates pledging to only support Supreme Court nominees who will uphold abortion rights and pushed for the codification of Roe v. Wade.[227]

Ninth debate (February 19, 2020)[edit]

Qualification[edit]

The DNC announced on January 31 that it was eliminating the donor threshold as a debate qualification requirement for any debate following the New Hampshire debate on February 7,[229] which prompted criticism from several candidates as it was perceived to accommodate Bloomberg, who is not accepting individual donations. The polling thresholds were drastically increased since the last debate, with candidates now having to reach 10% in DNC-approved national polls or 12% in early state polls conducted in Nevada and South Carolina. Candidates who won at least one pledged delegate in the Iowa caucuses or New Hampshire primary were automatically qualified for the debate. Candidates had until February 18 to qualify.[230]

The candidates who qualified included Biden, Bloomberg, Buttigieg, Klobuchar, Sanders, and Warren. Three candidates (Yang, Bennet, and Patrick) suspended their campaigns between the eighth and ninth debates.[56]

Summary[edit]

The Democratic Party's ninth presidential debate was held from 6–8 p.m. PST[236] on Wednesday, February 19, 2020, at Paris Las Vegas in Paradise, Nevada. It was hosted by NBC News and MSNBC, in partnership with The Nevada Independent.[225]

Bloomberg, who made his debate stage debut after qualifying only a day prior,[237] was widely regarded by multiple news outlets as having performed poorly.[238][239] Bloomberg's political and personal record came under heavy scrutiny by other candidates, including his previous support of stop-and-frisk policies during his tenure as mayor of New York City. The controversial program, which disproportionately targeted racial minorities, was referred to by Biden as "abhorrent" and "a violation of every right people have".[240] Warren reprimanded Bloomberg for his recently resurfaced derogatory comments on women and called for him to rescind the non-disclosure agreements he signed with several of his company's former female employees over sexual harassment and workplace discrimination, accusing Bloomberg of attempting to "muzzle" them.[241]

Sanders's electability was also brought up in the debate, when moderator Lester Holt mentioned the findings of a recent NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll which showed that two thirds of American voters would not be comfortable with a socialist presidential candidate; Sanders retorted by touting his wide lead over other candidates in the same poll.[242][243] Bloomberg criticized Sanders's advocacy of democratic socialism by comparing it to communism, which Sanders dismissed as a "cheap shot," arguing that his economic policies were closer to Nordic social democracy.[244][245] Buttigieg, meanwhile, branded both Sanders and Bloomberg as polarizing figures who would further divide the party if one of them were to receive the nomination.[246]

Healthcare was another issue discussed by the candidates, in light of the Culinary Workers Union's recent criticism that Sanders's Medicare for All policy would replace their existing union healthcare in favor of a government plan.[247] In response, Sanders defended his plan by saying that it would expand, rather than take away, healthcare benefits for union members.[248] Warren attacked Buttigieg and Klobuchar on their more moderate healthcare plans, likening their lack of details to a "PowerPoint" presentation and "Post-it Note" respectively.[249] On the other hand, Klobuchar argued that Sanders's Medicare for All proposal would be too radical to garner enough support in the Senate, whereas Buttigieg expressed disapproval at the idea of letting the government decide what healthcare plan is best for unions, calling it "condescension and arrogance".[250]

The televised debate drew a combined 19.7 million viewers on NBC and MSNBC, making it the most-watched Democratic primary debate of all time.[251]

Tenth debate (February 25, 2020)[edit]

Qualification[edit]

The qualification criteria remained largely unchanged from the last debate, with candidates having to either garner at least 10% support in DNC-approved national polls or 12% in early state polls conducted in the remaining state of South Carolina in order to meet the polling threshold. Candidates could also qualify via the delegate threshold by winning at least one pledged delegate in Iowa, New Hampshire or Nevada. The qualification deadline for the debate was February 24.[253]

All candidates still in the race at the time (Biden, Bloomberg, Buttigieg, Klobuchar, Sanders, Steyer and Warren), except for Gabbard, qualified for the debate.[254]

Summary[edit]

The Democratic Party's tenth presidential debate was held from 8–10 p.m. ET on Tuesday, February 25, 2020, at the Gaillard Center in Charleston, South Carolina. It was hosted by CBS News and the Congressional Black Caucus Institute in partnership with Twitter, and aired on CBS and BET.[225]

Following his landslide victory in Nevada the prior week, Sanders was targeted by several other candidates who attempted to dampen his momentum going into the upcoming South Carolina and Super Tuesday primaries. Biden hit Sanders on the issue of gun control by drawing a contrast between Sanders's voting record and his own, noting that he was a consistent supporter of more stringent gun regulations throughout his Senate career. Biden highlighted his role in passing legislation to expand universal background checks and extend waiting periods for purchasing guns, while pointing out that Sanders previously had a relatively moderate stance on gun control, voting against the Brady Bill and in favor of the PLCAA during his tenure as a congressman.[260] However, his claim that "150 million people have been killed since 2007" by guns was fact-checked by CNN as being incorrect, with a Biden campaign spokesperson suggesting that he might have intended to say 150,000.[261] Sanders expressed regret at his decisions, admitting that he has "cast thousands of votes, including bad votes", and noted that he currently has a D-minus rating from the National Rifle Association.[262]

Foreign policy was extensively discussed by the candidates, which took up about 25 minutes of the debate.[263] Sanders and Bloomberg clashed over past comments they have made regarding foreign authoritarian leaders; Bloomberg emphasized recent allegations that Russian President Vladimir Putin was trying to prop up the Sanders campaign.[264] When Sanders's praise for Fidel Castro's literacy programs in Cuba on 60 Minutes was brought up by Bloomberg, Sanders responded by calling out Bloomberg's refusal to call China's paramount leader Xi Jinping a dictator in an interview,[265] and pointed out that Barack Obama had also previously praised Cuba's healthcare and education. This provoked a reaction from Biden, who said that while Obama did acknowledge Cuba's progress in increasing life expectancy during a 2016 town hall, he did not "in any way suggest that there was anything positive about the Cuban government" and proceeded to condemn the dictatorial regime.[266]

The debate moderators received staunch criticism for focusing too much on narrowly-focused policy issues, failure to keep control of the candidates' speaking times, allowing candidates to interrupt other candidates during their allotted speaking times, applying the debate rules regarding giving candidates time to respond to personal attacks in a non-equitable way, and for permitting the audience to boo and jeer certain candidates without consequence. Both Biden and Sanders criticized the moderators on stage for failing to enforce the debate rules.[267][268] The crowd's negative reception of Sanders led to the proliferation of rumors on social media that the debate audience had been "stacked against" him, pointing to the high entry costs which ranged from $1,750 to $3,200 as evidence. The Democratic National Committee has denied this claim, explaining that the debate tickets were allocated among political organizations (DNC, CBCI and SCDP) and media entities (CBS and Twitter) hosting the debate as well as participating candidates' campaigns, with each campaign being given an equal quota. Tickets were guaranteed to sponsors, and the ticket costs referred to the cost of sponsorship.[269]

Eleventh debate (March 15, 2020)[edit]

CNN, Univision, and the Congressional Hispanic Caucus hosted the eleventh debate in Washington, DC from 8 P.M. to 10 P.M. Eastern Time.[278]

Five candidates (Steyer, Buttigieg, Klobuchar, Bloomberg, and Warren) suspended their campaigns between the tenth and eleventh debates.[279][280][281][282][283] On March 6, the DNC announced that qualification would be based on "earning at least 20 percent of delegates awarded by March 15",[284] as calculated by the Associated Press or CNN.[285]

The Democratic National Committee announced on March 10 that the debate would no longer allow a live audience, nor would press (beyond CNN and Univision) be allowed to attend, due to fears about the spread of the coronavirus.[286]

On March 12, the Democratic National Committee announced that the March 15 debate, originally scheduled to take place at the Arizona Federal Theatre[287] in Phoenix, Arizona, would instead be held at CNN's studio in Washington, DC.[288] It also announced that Jorge Ramos was no longer a moderator because he had contact with a person with coronavirus.[47]

Qualification[edit]

Summary[edit]

The debate was primarily focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, which was discussed for 17 minutes and 45 seconds, with Biden claiming the Trump administration rejected test kits from the WHO.[292][293] Both candidates also compared the pandemic to that of the Ebola epidemic.

Cancelled twelfth debate[edit]

In an interview with Politico regarding the March 15 debate, a DNC official confirmed a twelfth debate was still being planned.[294] Two candidates (Gabbard and Sanders) suspended their campaigns between the eleventh and twelfth debates, leaving Biden as the only remaining major candidate.[295][296] Prior to suspending his campaign, Sanders stated that he planned to participate in the debate.[297] Biden dismissed the idea, however:

"My focus is just dealing with this crisis right now. I haven’t thought about any more debates. I think we’ve had enough debates. I think we should get on with this."[298]

It is likely that the debate would have been hosted in an East Coast location, such as New York City.[299]

On April 8, 2020, Sanders dropped out of the Democratic primary, leaving Joe Biden as the presumptive Democratic nominee. In early June 2020, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates to gain the nomination at the 2020 Democratic National Convention.[300][301][302]

Incidents and controversies[edit]

Climate change debate[edit]

On April 22, 2019, Jay Inslee proposed that the DNC dedicate one of its presidential debates to climate change,[303] giving candidates a chance to elaborate in full detail on how they intend to implement climate action and achieve the goals presented by the Green New Deal (a progressive climate resolution proposed by Democratic members of the House of Representatives).[304] Recent polls of both Democratic voters and the electorate in general had identified this topic to be of the highest importance (for example, a CNN poll[305] found 80% of Democrats wanted presidential candidates to make climate change a top priority, and a Morning Consult poll[306] of registered voters nationwide found that 63% said it's either important or a top priority for Congress to pass a bill to address climate change). Despite support from seven other candidates (Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, Kirsten Gillibrand, Julian Castro, Michael Bennet, John Delaney[307] and Seth Moulton[308]), several progressive and environmental groups (Sierra Club, CREDO Action, Sunrise Movement, Friends of the Earth Action, Public Citizen, 350 Action, MoveOn, Youth Climate Strike), at least two dozen Democratic lawmakers from the House and Senate,[304] and over 52,000 signatories of a petition,[309] the DNC turned down the idea of limiting some of their debates to only one debate topic.[310][2] On June 29, 2019, however, the DNC referred to a committee a proposal "calling for an official debate on climate change".[311] On August 22, the resolutions committee voted to reject the proposal.[312]

Steve Bullock's qualification for first debate[edit]

After Steve Bullock received 1% in an open-ended ABC News/The Washington Post poll, controversy arose as the DNC's official qualification rules, published on February 14 and updated on May 9,[57] did not state whether open-ended polls would count towards qualification. The DNC later stated during rule guidance given on June 10 and 11,[100] that "polls based on open-ended questions will not be considered". This additional rule was initially orally communicated between DNC chairman Tom Perez and the Bullock campaign in March 2019, and was only publicly confirmed via a statement to a Politico reporter on June 6,[60] but was never confirmed in writing by any primary DNC sources ahead of the qualification deadline.[313]

On June 12, the Bullock campaign wrote a certification letter to the DNC claiming that Bullock qualified for participation in the first debate through the polling criteria (as they believed the open-ended poll from ABC News/The Washington Post should be counted as Bullock's third qualifying poll, according to the official published rules).[314] If Bullock had been deemed a qualifying candidate by the DNC, then 21 total candidates would have qualified by the polling criteria. However, the DNC explicitly limited the debate stage to 20 candidates, so that would have triggered tiebreak rules. Bullock and Eric Swalwell were tied for the 20th spot with each candidate having 1% polling averages and three qualifying polls with exactly 1% support. In that scenario, the DNC would have had to accept inviting 21 candidates, or invent a supplementing final tiebreak rule (for example, drawing lots for the last spot, or deciding the tie by their number of unique donors).[313] However, Bullock's certification letter was rejected and he failed to qualify for the first debate,[48] though he qualified for the second debate.[102]

Debate protests[edit]

Second debate protest[edit]

On the second night of the second debate, protesters motivated by the death of Eric Garner and the continued employment of Staten Island police officer Daniel Pantaleo shouted during Bill de Blasio's opening remarks, and then entirely halted Cory Booker's, disrupting the debate for nearly 30 seconds.[315]

Third debate protest[edit]

During the closing statements for the third debate, in which candidates were asked to recall moments of resilience after a professional setback, protesters interrupted Joe Biden for approximately two minutes. According to Jess Davidson, they shouted "we are DACA recipients; our lives are at risk!"[316] The Trump campaign accused the protesters of having insensitive timing.[317]

Ninth debate protest[edit]

Immigrant rights protestors interrupted Biden's closing statement.[318]

Tenth debate protest[edit]

Some people in the audience of the tenth debate booed candidates.[319]

Tulsi Gabbard disputes with DNC[edit]

Pollster selection and poll frequency[edit]

On August 23, Gabbard's campaign protested the failure of the DNC to release "their criteria for selecting the 16 polling organizations they deem 'certified'" for qualifying candidates for the third debate.[320] In the campaign's statement, they listed 26 polls in which Gabbard reached the 2% threshold and alleged that certain "DNC-certified" polls were rated lower than non-certified polls by organizations such as the American Research Group and FiveThirtyEight, and questioned why only four qualifying polls were released following the second debate, while fourteen were released following the first debate; and why only two polls were released in the first two weeks after the second debate while six polls were released in the first two weeks after the first debate.[118][321] The campaign further argued that the lack of polling was "particularly harmful to candidates with lower name-recognition."[118] They called on the DNC to revise the set of polls it considers for qualifying and also asked them "to hold true to their promise and make adjustments to the process now to ensure transparency and fairness."[322][323]

Several other campaigns, including those of Michael Bennet, Tom Steyer, and Marianne Williamson also criticized the unclear criteria, and overall lack, of qualifying polls.[323][324][325]

Qualifying polls for October debate[edit]

On September 8, a The Washington Post/ABC News poll was released. An initial report from ABC claimed that Gabbard had not received the 2% necessary for the poll to count as a qualifying poll, but the Gabbard campaign announced that she had indeed received the 2% necessary for the poll to count as a qualifying poll, citing The Washington Post figures directly.[326][327] To further complicate matters, FiveThirtyEight claimed that it had received confirmation from the DNC that the poll did not count for Gabbard but the Gabbard campaign countered by stating that no official DNC ruling had been delivered.[328][329][330]

The confusion stemmed from the fact that the poll data was presented with two sets of results: one of all adults, and one of registered voters. Gabbard reached 1% among all adults and 2% among registered voters. An approved poll conducted on July 1 was conducted similarly, but it is unclear which category was used for the qualification for the debates, as no candidate had 2% in one category and 1% in the other.[331][123] Gabbard later reached 2% in two other qualifying polls, allowing her to qualify for the fourth debate.[147]

Threatened boycotts[edit]

On October 10, Gabbard threatened to boycott the fourth debate, saying that she believed the DNC and the media were rigging the election.[332] On October 14, Gabbard announced that she would be attending the debate.[333] On December 9, Gabbard announced that she would boycott the sixth debate, and that instead she would be prioritizing campaigning in New Hampshire and South Carolina.[334] She failed to qualify for the sixth debate by the deadline, December 12.[335]

Eleventh debate qualification[edit]

On March 3, as Super Tuesday results were announced, DNC communications director Xochitl Hinojosa tweeted that the qualification threshold would likely increase, giving the reason that almost 2,000 delegates would have been allocated by the time of the debate.[336] This tweet was sent after Gabbard apparently received a delegate and would qualify for the March debate, per the previous three debates' threshold of one delegate.[337] She later gained another delegate.[338] On March 6, the DNC confirmed that the single qualification for entry to the eleventh debate would be for a candidate to have earned at least 20 percent of awarded delegates by March 15.[339] The threshold was impossible for her to meet to qualify for the eleventh debate.[291]

Andrew Yang disputes[edit]

Microphone complaints in first debate[edit]

Yang, along with Marianne Williamson and Eric Swalwell, complained of microphone problems not allowing them to speak unless called upon when other candidates seemed to be able to freely interject at all times. NBC responded by stating that none of the candidates' microphones were turned off or muted.[340]

Yang qualification for third debate[edit]

After Yang had received what he considered to be his fourth qualifying poll, the DNC revealed that qualifying polls conducted by different organizations would not be counted separately if they were sponsored by the same DNC-approved sponsor. The ruling was controversially disclosed by the DNC on July 30, less than one day after Yang had obtained 2% in four polls, rather than on July 19 when the second of these polls had been completed.[341] In spite of this, Yang qualified for the third debate.[50]

Yang disputes with MSNBC[edit]

In the fifth debate, Yang did not receive his first question until 32 minutes into the debate and spoke for considerably less time than all the other participants.[342] Yang and his supporters criticized the network for what they saw as an undemocratic process.[343] MSNBC asked Yang to join an undisclosed program the weekend of November 24, but Yang said he would not appear until the network "apologizes on-air" and "discusses and includes [his] campaign consistent with [his] polling".[344] Yang ended his self-imposed boycott on December 27 by going on the TV show All in with Chris Hayes, stating "I decided that I'd prefer to speak to as many Americans as possible – our message is too important" on Twitter.[345]

Yang qualification for seventh debate[edit]

Yang requested for the DNC to conduct more early state polls in December due to a lack of early state polling by qualifying pollsters. The DNC rejected this idea saying that conducting its own polls would call into question its impartiality.[346]

Sixth debate labor disputes[edit]

The sixth debate was initially set to be held at the University of California, Los Angeles.[198] However, the DNC announced on November 6 that UCLA was no longer hosting the debate due to a labor dispute.[199]

Due to a Sodexo worker strike at the new venue, Loyola Marymount University, Warren announced that she would not attend the debate unless the labor dispute was resolved, followed soon after by Sanders and Yang. All of the remaining qualifying candidates (Biden, Buttigieg, Klobuchar, and Steyer) then followed suit over the next several days.[347][348] The dispute was resolved on December 17, allowing the debate to move forward.[349]

2020 debates rule-change petition[edit]

Days before the December 2019 debate, for which Booker did not qualify, he sent a petition to the other candidates' campaigns in which he urged the DNC to change the qualification requirements for the upcoming debates in 2020 so that more non-white candidates could participate. All candidates that qualified for the December debate as well as Castro signed the petition. The DNC rejected the request to change the qualification criteria.[350][351] The petition cites the New Hampshire Democratic Party central committee which voted to urge the DNC to "lift the barriers" on participation in further debates.[352]

Seventh debate moderation controversies[edit]

During the seventh Democratic debate, January 14, hosted by CNN and the Des Moines Register, the wording of a series of questions from moderator Abby Phillip directed at senators Sanders and Warren drew criticisms from various other news outlets and from Sanders supporters. Following reports alleging that Sanders said to Warren in a 2018 private conversation that he did not believe that a woman could defeat Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election, Sanders was given the question "Senator Warren confirmed in a statement, that in 2018 you told her that you did not believe that a woman could win the election. Why did you say that?" Sanders stated in his reply "as a matter of fact, I didn't say it" and received the follow-up question from Phillip: "I do want to be clear here, you're saying that you never told Senator Warren that a woman could not win the election?" to which Sanders replied "That is correct." Phillip's next question was directed at Warren, and was phrased: "Senator Warren, what did you think when Senator Sanders told you a woman could not win the election?"[353][354]

MSNBC hosts Mika Brzezinski and Donny Deutsch the next day on Morning Joe criticized the question, describing it as "bizarre" and "a miss" respectively.[355] Senior reporter at HuffPost Zach Carter stated that he believes CNN "botched" the debate[356] and Matt Taibi from Rolling Stone described the moderation as "shameful" and "villainous."[357] Jeet Heer from The Nation commented that CNN was "the biggest loser of the night."[358] Washington Examiner senior commentary writer Becket Adams described Phillip's question as "a hatchet job."[359] The controversy also led to negative reactions on social media.[360]

Michael Bloomberg's debate inclusion[edit]

In January, Michael Bloomberg became the only candidate to simultaneously reach the polling threshold and fail to reach the donor threshold since the DNC began requiring both with the third debate. According to Politico, some left-wing activists questioned whether the donor threshold should remain part of the qualification requirements,[361] asserting that a candidate polling in the high single or low double digits should not be able to escape in-person scrutiny from other candidates who participate in the debates.

DNC debate qualification rules change[edit]

On January 31, the DNC announced that it would not impose a donor threshold starting with the ninth debate.[229] DNC spokesperson Adrienne Watson stated that the prior rules were "appropriate for the opening stages of the race, when candidates were building their organizations and there were no metrics available outside of polling to distinguish those making progress from those who weren't."[362] She said the DNC always had planned to change the debate qualification thresholds and that "we signaled it many times". She argued that the rule change was "not designed to benefit any one candidate" and declared that "every candidate has an equal opportunity to qualify".[363]

Other candidates' reactions to Bloomberg's inclusion[edit]

Four candidates opposed the DNC's changing the rules allegedly to make sure Bloomberg qualifies for the debates. Sanders senior adviser Jeffrey P. Weaver stated that the rules changing "in the middle of the game" was wrong and "the definition of a rigged system". He also complained that Bloomberg "is trying to buy his way into the Democratic nomination".[362] Warren tweeted, referencing Bloomberg's personal wealth, that "[b]illionaires shouldn't be allowed to play by different rules". She further objected that the DNC failed to change the debate qualification rules to "ensure diverse candidates could remain on the debate stage".[364] Biden responded to a question about the issue by pointing out that Bloomberg is not "even on the ballot in Nevada" (the location of the first debate where Bloomberg qualified).[365] Tulsi Gabbard remarked that "The DNC's and "corporate media partners'" playing favorites with candidates is "wrong"[366] and that "[t]he DNC would rather hear from a billionaire than the only person of color left in this race, the first female combat veteran ever to run for president."[367]

On the other hand, two of the candidates welcomed Bloomberg's inclusion. Buttigieg told reporters, "It is important that we have that process where folks have to stand with their competitors and explain why each of us is the best."[368] Klobuchar took it a bit further, and stated that he should have to answer questions and not "hide behind the airwaves". She claimed that although she could not beat him "on the airwaves", she could beat him in a debate.[369]

Criticisms about the tenth debate[edit]

Alleged influence efforts by Bloomberg[edit]

There were accusations online and in the media that Bloomberg had stacked the audience in his favor, though nothing was ever proven. The high ticket prices to the event were also heavily condemned.[370] A 60-second ad for Bloomberg's campaign played during the first and second commercial breaks, drawing ire, especially online.[371]

Moderation[edit]

CBS was also widely criticized for doing a poor job of moderating the debate and letting candidates talk over each other, often leading to 10–20 seconds of unintelligible shouting.[372][373]

Criticisms about the eleventh debate[edit]

Announcement of change from prior format[edit]

Following Super Tuesday, the DNC and CNN announced that the eleventh debate would occur in a seated format with "a more intimate setting" and a "town hall-style production featuring audience questions," instead of the traditional format of the prior debates led by formal moderator questioning.[374] This announcement was opposed by the Sanders campaign as "giving Biden too much of a break" and avoiding an "exchange of ideas,"[374] as well as criticized by commentators.[375] These concerns became moot after the coronavirus pandemic forced the debate to be changed to the traditional moderator questioning format without any audience.[47]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b The drawing of lots happened from two tier groups (with the top tier comprising all qualified candidates with a polling average of over 2%, and the other tier comprising the rest), so that each tier was evenly split between each of the two debate nights.[89]
  2. ^ a b The drawing of lots happened from three tier groups (with the top tier comprising all qualified candidates with a polling average of over 15%), so that each tier was evenly split between each of the two debate nights.
  3. ^ a b c Bloomberg is not collecting donations.[193] To avoid being classified as receiving donations, the Bloomberg campaign reportedly sells campaign merchandise at its cost, preempting against the possibility of meeting the donor criterion.[194])
  4. ^ a b 6 from national; 3 from South Carolina
  5. ^ 4 from national 1 from South Carolina
  6. ^ 6 from national; 1 from South Carolina
  7. ^ 6 from national
  8. ^ 3 from South Carolina

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