Из Википедии, бесплатной энциклопедии
Перейти к навигации Перейти к поиску
См. Также: Macmillan Publishers (США)
Издательская компания Crowell-Collier
Статуснесуществующий (1973)
Основан1877 г.
ОсновательФинес П. Маст
ПреемникMacmillan Inc.
Страна происхождениянас
Расположение штаб-квартирыСпрингфилд, Огайо , позже Нью-Йорк
РаспределениеНациональный
Типы публикацийЖурналы , Справочники
Владелец (и)П.П. Маст (1877–1898)
Джон С. Кроуэлл (1898–1906)
Джозеф П. Кнапп и Джордж Хазен (1906–?)

Crowell-Collier Publishing Company была американским издателем, которому принадлежали популярные журналы Collier's , Woman's Home Companion и The American Magazine . Кроуэлл также опубликовал книги и ссылки общего характера, такие как Энциклопедия Кольера и серия книг Harvard Classics .

Компания была основана сельскохозяйственным производитель инструмент PP мачта с одним журналом, Farm & Файерсайд ( позже Country Home ) , чтобы продать сельскохозяйственные инструменты и орудия в 1877 году в Спрингфилд, штат Огайо . К 1881 году Маст передала контроль Джону С. Кроуэллу, который расширил свою компанию, купив Home Companion (позже изменив название на Woman's Home Companion ).

После смерти П.П. Маста в 1898 году Кроуэлл получил контроль над компанией и основал ее как Crowell Publishing Company. Crowell Publishing расширила свои журналы, выпустив The American Magazine в 1911 году и еженедельник Collier's в 1919 году. В какой-то момент у еженедельника Collier's было более 1,25 миллиона подписчиков. Crowell's также опубликовал энциклопедию Collier's Encyclopedia, которая в 1940 году подверглась критике со стороны Федеральной торговой комиссии за обман.

После закрытия журналов в 1950-х годах, Crowell-Collier Publishing Company объединилась с американской Macmillan Company в 1960 году и стала крупной образовательной компанией с дочерними предприятиями по выпуску книг, учебников, заочных школ и других образовательных инструментов и материалов. Компания официально сменила название на Macmillan, Inc. в 1973 году.

Ранняя история [ править ]

PP Mast and Company, Спрингфилд, Огайо
Маст, Кроуэлл и издатели Киркпатрика (1891)

Компания Crowell-Collier Publishing уходила своими корнями в сельскохозяйственную торговлю 19 века. Промышленник Финеас П. Маст, владелец PP Mast, производил сельскохозяйственные и сельскохозяйственные инструменты, и он хотел, чтобы журнал продвигал его продукцию. [1] Мачтовые ветряные двигатели, насосы , плуги и косилки в Спрингфилде, штат Огайо . [1] Маст нанял Джона С. Кроуэлла из успешного дома и фермы в Луисвилле в 1877 году для ведения нового двухмесячного журнала под названием Farm & Fireside . [2] [3] К 1890-м годам, Farm & Firesideподдерживал тираж более полумиллиона. [3] Маст оставил свою роль исполняющего обязанности руководителя в 1879 году, но остался инвестором. Кроуэлл вместе с Т. Дж. Киркпатриком (который был племянником Маста) затем изменил название издательства на Mast, Crowell and Kirkpatrick Publishers. [2]

Вскоре издатели вышли из одного журнала на другие рынки. Они построили здание Farm and Fireside в Спрингфилде, штат Огайо, в 1881 году. [2] В 1883 году они приобрели журнал Home Companion у Harvey & Finn из Кливленда, штат Огайо, чтобы удовлетворить растущий спрос на контент, предназначенный для женщин. [4] Они купили « Молодежную домашнюю библиотеку» , аналогичную газету, издававшуюся в Бостоне , и объединили ее со своим молодежным изданием « Наши молодые люди» . Затем они изменили название трех объединенных периодических изданий на Home Companion , общий семейный журнал. К 1890 году количество подписчиков на журнал достигло 100 тысяч.[4] У « Компаньона» было несколько имен, нов 1896 году онбыл изменен на «Домашний компаньон женщины» . К 1890-м годам « Ферма и Файерсайд» также публиковала региональные выпуски журнала. [3] После смерти П.П. Маста в 1898 году компания сменила название на Crowell and Kirkpatrick Publishers. [2]

20 век [ править ]

Домашний компаньон женщины за апрель 1916 г.
Американский журнал в 1931 году
Кольера в феврале 1924 г.

В начале 20-го века компания снова сменила владельца и перешла к изданию основных журналов. П.П. Маст умер в 1898 г. (оставив имение в полтора миллиона долларов). [4] В 1902 году Джон С. Кроуэлл получил интересы Киркпатрика и основал его как Crowell Publishing Company. [2] [4] В 1906 году Кроуэлл продал свою долю в компании Джозефу П. Кнаппу и Джорджу Хазену из Нью-Йорка , которые зарегистрировались в Нью-Джерси и сохранили название Crowell Publishing Company. [2] [5] Новая компания имела офисы в Нью-Йорке, а также в Спрингфилде, штат Огайо . [6]

Crowell Publishing Company проиграла апелляцию 1908 года в Совете генеральных оценщиков Соединенных Штатов, и ей были начислены компенсационные пошлины на бумагу, импортированную из Канады. [7]

1910-е годы и приобретение основных периодических изданий [ править ]

Смотрите также: Collier's

Crowell Publishing приобрела The American Magazine в 1911 году у Phillips Publishing Company. [2] [5] [6] [8] У журнала были разоблачительные корни, но с упадком разоблачающей журналистики он превратился в журнал для всех. [2] Однако в статье в New York Times отмечалось, что «покупка American Magazine издательской компанией Crowell Publishing Company означала, что« интересы »были направлены на то, чтобы поглотить сборщиков грязи ...» [9] Они указали на этот факт. что одним из крупных акционеров фирмы Crowell был Томас У. Ламонт, который также был партнером недавно созданнойJP Morgan & Company . Процитировали Кливленда Моффета , известного журналиста, занимающегося разгромом гадостей: «... мы выступаем против сил тьмы. Право на свободу слова в Америке находится под угрозой. Они пытаются заткнуть рот журналам. Несколько журналов недавно перешли из рук в руки. [ 9] Они попали под контроль интересов, и в каждом из них исчезнут черты разграбления. Убийство, несмотря на свое название, - это сила в этой стране, призванная способствовать развитию хорошего гражданства ». [9] Однако во второй статье New York Times о приобретении говорилось, что такие писатели, как Ида Тарбелл , Питер Ф. Данн и Уильям Аллен Уайт были довольны возможностью.[8] Представитель Phillips сказал, что «... вместо того, чтобы охватить 300 000 читателей, теперь мы можем привлечь 3 000 000 читателей через наших новых союзников в области публикаций. Мы сами боялись, что Трасты стояли за предложением, прежде чем мы его рассмотрели, но все журналы, с которыми мы сотрудничаем, являются мятежниками, как и мы, и контролируются людьми, сочувствующими повстанцам ". [8]

В том же году несколько издателей журналов, включая Crowell, были обвинены в сговоре с целью поддержания цен на журналы через Periodical Clearing House. По словам Джона Вуда, журналиста, чей бизнес серьезно пострадал, Периодическая информационная палата была организована клерками и сотрудниками журналов. [10] Вуд утверждал, что огромные штрафы повлияли на его способность продавать подписки. В то же время библиотеки в центрально-западных и западных штатах жаловались, что расчетная палата привела к отмене клубных ставок на журналы для библиотек. [10]

В 1919 году издательство Crowell Publishing Company купило еще один журнал общего пользования, Collier's : The National Weekly , и взяло под свой контроль книгоиздание Collier's. [11] Collier's также имел корни в разоблачении журналистики и социальных реформ и имел одну из самых больших подписных аудиторий на журналы, тогда около миллиона еженедельно. [5] Книгоиздательское подразделение публиковало популярные и серьезные литературные темы, а также энциклопедию Кольера и издавало шесть миллионов экземпляров книг в год. [5]

Пресс-центр в Crowell-Collier Publishing Company в Спрингфилде, штат Огайо (1949)
Пробоотборная машина в издательской компании Crowell-Collier Publishing Company в Спрингфилде, штат Огайо (1949 г.)

1920-е годы [ править ]

К 1924 году еженедельный тираж Collier's вырос до 1 250 000 экземпляров. [12] Crowell перенесла свои печатные операции в Спрингфилд, штат Огайо, из-за «чрезмерных почтовых расходов, связанных с отправкой почты из прибрежного города по почтовым тарифам военного времени». [12] Редакционный и коммерческий отделы остались в Нью-Йорке. [12]

1930-е годы [ править ]

В 1930 году журнал Farm & Fireside изменил название на The Country Home . [2] Также в 1930 году РБ Крейджер, республиканский национальный комитет Техаса, подал в суд на издательство Crowell Publishing Company и PF Collier and Sons за клевету. Крегер потребовал 500 000 долларов в качестве возмещения ущерба после того, как в « Collier's Weekly » появилась статья под названием «Высокомощный и преданный делу» . В статье Оуэна П. Уайта освещалась политическая ситуация на мексиканской границе в округе Идальго. Жюри вынесло вердикт Crowell Publishing. [13]

In 1939, Crowell Publishing merged the New York operations and changed the company name to The Crowell-Collier Publishing Co.[4][14] That same year, The Country Home was discontinued.[15][16]

1940s[edit]

In 1940 the FTC investigated the sales methods used for the Collier's Encyclopedia. The publishing company and its officers and directors of the corporations were charged with misleading sale methods and representations in the sale of books and encyclopedias. The complaint charged that "contrary to claims made, none of the respondents' publications is ever given as the result of a drawing or free, and as a gift or gratuity; that the purchase price of so-called free goods is, in every instance, included in the price of other merchandise sold to the customer; that in no case do they sell at actual cost, that the sum of $59 represented as a reduced price is the regular price, and that other claims are 'also deceptive and misleading.'"[17]

During World War II, Crowell-Collier sponsored publication of a magazine for servicemen called Victory.[18]

In 1946, the Vanderbilt mansion at Fifth Avenue and Fifty-First Street was slated to be razed and replaced with a 19-story office building for the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company.[19]

1950s financial reverses[edit]

Shown in 2011, the Crowell-Collier building in Springfield, Ohio, was partially demolished in 2014. In July 2019 the city approved a permit for demolishing all of the remaining Crowell-Collier buildings, which once occupied 900,000 square feet.[20]

In the mid-1950s, Crowell-Collier had heavy deficits and discontinued The American Magazine, Collier's, and Woman's Home Companion.[2] In December 1956 the company closed its Springfield plant, which at one point had employed more than 2,000 people.[2] The closing shocked both publishers and readers.[21] Many in the magazine field deemed the closing "a foolish and impetuous move",[22] but as the company moved to reinvent itself as a producer of books and educational materials, the move was seen as shrewd and far-visioned.[22]

1960s and reinvention as educational publisher[edit]

By the early 1960s, Crowell-Collier had recovered financially. Leaving behind its roots in magazine publishing, it now turned to the growing market for education produced by the baby boom in the United States. Book sales had surged for reference books, textbooks, and encyclopedias and like many of the large publishers of that era such as Random House and Simon & Schuster, Crowell-Collier embarked on a merger and acquisitions spree.[23][24] Crowell-Collier kicked off the decade by merging with the American Macmillan company and moved into the educational space. This was then followed by a number of mergers and acquisitions.[25] On the move into education, Chairman Raymond C. Hagel said, "We envision our major role as that of a developer of complete educational systems." He explained that an educational system was a "unified instructional package involving a variety of tools." and that "the business of education has become a successor to the defense industry. It is a security lifeline."[26] Crowell would end the decade as Crowell Collier & Macmillan, a large conglomeration of subsidiaries that included books, schools, magazines, educational tools, bookstores, book clubs and radio stations and with an annual revenue of $390 million.[27]

Merger with Macmillan[edit]

See also: Macmillan Publishers (United States)

In December 1959, Crowell-Collier acquired 29 percent of Macmillan Company[23][28] which published fiction, non-fiction, textbooks, reference books, religious books and children's books.[29] By August 1960, Crowell-Collier held a 52.8 percent interest in Macmillan,[28] and on December 30, 1960, the companies merged.[30]

Macmillan was once the American division of the British Macmillan Publishers (opened in 1869) and had been run by generations of the Brett family who eventually bought the company from the British in 1896. Macmillan published some notable authors including Jack London, Margaret Mitchell, and Winston Churchill.

At the time, the majority of Macmillan's sales came from textbooks[24][31][32] and for Macmillan the merger meant access to cash and capital to grow their textbook market.[24] Crowell-Collier ran Macmillan as a subsidiary but in 1965 Crowell-Collier officially changed its name to Crowell Collier & Macmillan, Inc.[33] Publishing was dropped from the company name to reflect its broadened scope into education.[34]

Encyclopedias, books and educational materials[edit]

Textbooks and encyclopedias were a booming business in 1959. While general books accounted for $408 million in sales, textbooks and encyclopedias totaled $597 million.[24] Crowell's subsidiary P. F. Collier and Sons published the Collier's Encyclopedia and released a new 24-volume set in 1962.[35] Since 1909 (vols 1-25) and 1910 (vols 26-50) it also published the 50-volume Harvard Classics (expanded to 51 volumes in 1914), an anthology of classic and world literature.[35] The company expanded the line of encyclopedias by announcing that it would use the resources of Crowell-Collier, Macmillan and Free Press to begin work on a new multi-volume set on social sciences.[36] W. Allen Wallis, named chairman of the editorial board for the encyclopedia said, "In the past few years we have stressed the physical sciences because of our concern for defense, and the biological sciences because of our interest in better health. Perhaps of even greater importance to the continued survival of our country and, therefore, the whole free world, will be our ability to solve some of the great social problems of the day."[36]

UBN Collier's Encyclopedia

The Federal Trade Commission again cited Crowell-Collier and subsidiary P. F. Collier and Sons with making false claims through the door-to-door salesmen of the encyclopedias.[37] In an article on stockholder questions in The New York Times, shareholders at a meeting in 1963 complained about tactics used by door-to-door encyclopedia salesmen.[38] Nine years later in 1969, the F.T.C. ordered the distributors of Collier's Encyclopedias to stop the use of deceptive sales promoting the publication. The agency charged the company with "Implying through promotional literature and door-to-door salesmen that a set of the encyclopedias would be given free or at a reduced price if yearly supplements were purchased."[39]

In 1960, Crowell began to expand further into general book markets. Collier Books, the paperback division of Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, began publishing in October 1961 at the rate of 50 paperback titles a month.[40][41] The list included scholarly books, nonfiction and fiction reprints and original works.[41][42] Crowell-Collier Press was a hardcover publisher started in 1962 with a focus on adult nonfiction and children's books.[40] The children's series, the Modern Masters Books for Children, was edited by anthologist Louis Untermeyer and included picture books by Robert Graves (The Big Green Book), Shirley Jackson (9 Magic Wishes) and Phyllis McGinley (The B Book).[43] The books were created using a controlled vocabulary of fewer than 800 words created by elementary educators.[44]

In 1962, Crowell also purchased book club distributor Scientific Materials, Inc., which included Library of Science, Science Book Club, Natural History Book Club, and Basic Book Service. In addition to the four professional level book clubs, two others aimed at young adults including the Young Adults' Division and Junior Scientists Division of the Library of Science were also a part of the acquisition. Crowell-Collier later that same year turned around and sold the toy manufacturing arm of Scientific Materials, Inc. to Allis-Chalmers manufacturing[45][46]

In 1962, Crowell made another push into the book market with a purchase of book clubs and retail bookstores. In the same year, they purchased 16 Brentano's bookstores. At the time bookstores were heavily competing with department stores and discount houses offering reduced rates for bestsellers.[47] By 1967, the Brentano's chain had grown to 21 stores and had sales of $7 million.[48]

In 1962, Crowell-Collier Publishing Company created a new division called Crowell-Collier Educational Corporation. The educational arm was created to develop instructional and reference materials as well as teaching aids for us in schools, colleges, adult education, business, and industrial training and home study.[49]

Other acquisitions included the following:

  • English Language Services, Inc. (1962), instructional materials used abroad to teach English-as-a-second language.[50]
  • Publication Corporation (1968)[51]
  • Associated Films, Inc. (1968), an educational film distribution company[51]
  • Bruce Publishing Company (1968), a publisher of Catholic religion and educational books.[52]
  • P.J. Kenedy & Sons (1968), a publisher of Catholic religion and educational books.[53]
  • Hagstrom Company, Inc (1968), creator of educational materials and services.[54]
  • Fleetwood Films, Inc. (1968), films for home and educational use.[54]
  • Pandex, Inc, (1968) a reference company.[54]
  • Brandon (1968), another education and film distribution company.[55]
  • G. Schirmer, Inc.,(1968) a music and publishing company
  • Studio Vista, Ltd. (1968)—British publisher of books on graphic arts, architecture and design.[56]
  • Geoffrey Chapman, Ltd. (1968)-British publisher of Catholic books[57]
  • Benziger Brothers (1969)—publishers of religious and education books.[58]
  • Cassell & Co. Holdings, Ltd, (1969). a British publishing company.[59]
  • Standard Rate & Data Services, Inc., a publisher of advertising and marketing data, and National Register Publishing, a directory publisher.[60]

Home study and vocational training[edit]

La Salle Extension University Alumni Pin

Vocational training became big business in the 1960s as companies attempted fill a void between a high school diploma and college degrees and Crowell-Collier made significant acquisitions expanding into this market.[61] In 1960, Crowell purchased the La Salle Extension University—a correspondence school.[25][26] In 1965 Crowell Collier & Macmillan, Inc. purchased Berlitz Schools of Languages of America, Inc.and Berlitz Publications for $5 million.[62][63] Crowell purchased Katherine Gibbs School, Inc. a secretarial school.[64] It also attempted to acquire Famous Artists Schools, Inc. a writing and art correspondence school by purchasing 25% of shares which it later sold to institutional investors in 1968.[65][66]

In 1969, Crowell filed a lawsuit against National Home Study Council of Washington which was a private accrediting agency. The suit said that National Home was a monopoly and had denied re-accreditation to the U.S. School of Music, Inc. and La Salle Extension University.[67] By 1969, Crowell made 22% of its revenue from La Salle Extension University, Berlitz, and Katharine Gibbs.[68] The lawsuit settled but at the same time, the entire mail-order schooling came under fire from the New York Times for dubious practices including "overblown advertising, fast talking salesmen, questionable instruction and marginal results."[69]

Return to magazines[edit]

In 1968 the company merged with Publication Corporation, a leading printer of Sunday magazines for newspapers and the publisher of This Week magazine. The companies had a shared history—Joseph P. Knapp, who had helped develop the Crowell Publishing Company, had founded Publication Corporation as American Lithograph Company in 1891. The Publication had also been a principal stockholder of Crowell-Collier—owning 24% at one point.[70] The goal for the merger was to distribute periodicals efficiently in the education market.[70] By 1969, Crowell made the decision to shut down the This Week magazine which had a circulation of 9 million as a weekend supplement for papers such as The Providence Journal and the Kansas City Star.[71]

In 1969 Crowell Collier & Macmillan went back to publishing magazines but with a focus on education.[72] They acquired six magazines including Grade Teacher, the Catholic School Journal, Industrial Arts and Vocational Education, College Management, School Management and Business Management.[72] These magazines made up a subsidiary CCM magazines based in Greenwich, Conn.[72]

Other media[edit]

Crowell-Collier Broadcasting operated radio stations in Los Angeles (KFWB), San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose (KEWB) and Minneapolis-St. Paul (KDWB).[31][73]

In 1969 Crowell-Collier purchased the Gump's store in San Francisco.[74]

Crowell-Collier purchased C.G. Conn a manufacturer of musical instruments in 1968.[75]

In 1966 the company consolidated 1400 employees into a new building on 866 3rd Avenue called the Crowell Collier & Macmillan building.[76]

1970s[edit]

See also: Macmillan Publishers (United States)

By the start of the 1970s, Crowell Collier & Macmillan was now a $400 million multinational producer of books and educational materials.[77] Crowell Collier & Macmillan decided to change the name of the company to Macmillan, Inc. First, though, they encountered a legal battle over the name with Macmillan, Ltd. of London—who had spun-off from the original American Macmillan in 1896. For the name to take effect on January 1, 1973,[78] the companies agreed to some conditions including the American company using Crowell-Collier or another name to distinguish the businesses in which the British Macmillan operated. The British Macmillan stated that the name had already been causing confusion with the public resulting in misdirected book orders and the fear that the American company was planning to use the name to compete unfairly in markets where the British company was active. The case cited the Lanham Act, the trademark act of 1946.[77]

The Harvard Classics books on a bookshelf

This was not the only legal battle that the now Macmillan, Inc. faced at the start of the seventies. Macmillan sued Charles F. Berlitz, grandson of the founder of Berlitz to prohibit him from using the Berlitz name in travel and writing businesses.[79] Berlitz won the lawsuit and was awarded $376,000 and the right to use his name as an author of books on foreign languages.[80] The Justice Department filed a civil anti-trust suit against Crowell, Collier & Macmillan, Inc. in 1970 and requested that it divest itself from C.G. Conn, Ltd (a manufacturer and retailer of musical instruments) and Uniforms by Ostwald, Inc. (manufacturer and retailer of band uniforms).[81]

Crowell-Collier was also under fire by the FTC again in 1972 and accused of using deceptive practices in selling its The Harvard Classics and in billing encyclopedia buyers and also in recruiting of encyclopedia salesmen. Of The Harvard Classics, the FTC stated that while the company marketed that one or several volumes were offered free or for $1 each "with the understanding that additional volumes priced at $3.98 would be shipped periodically for free examination", many volumes would be shipped in a bulk shipment. Buyers were subjected to repeated mailings of bills. Crowell responded that they had already discontinued the Harvard Classics "continuity" program and that any "isolated" occurrences or procedures had been changed. For the encyclopedias, Crowell was accused of raising the price on Encyclopedia annual supplements called Yearbooks. They were also accused of advertising positions for encyclopedia salesman as "administrative assistant trainees" and "marketing and public relations personnel". Crowell issued a statement disavowing any violations but agreed to negotiate a consent order.[82]

Martin Gardner protesting Crowell-Collier's publishing of the psychic surgeon John G. Fuller's book Arigo withdrew publication of his own (Gardner) book.[83]

Magazines[edit]

  • Farm & Fireside (1877–1939): The early content of this magazine advertised agricultural implements manufactured by P. P. Mast & Co.[2] When farming became a commercialized industry, Farm & Fireside changed to address it commercial and economic aspects[2] and provided a first-hand account of America's conversion from a rural to an urban population.[2]
  • Woman's Home Companion (1883–1950): The popularity of the women's section of Farm & Fireside created a demand for a publication dedicated to women. The company acquired The Home Companion magazine in 1883 and changed the name to Ladies Home Companion and then later to Women's Home Companion.[2]
  • The American Magazine (1911–1956): The magazine began as Leslie's Popular Monthly in 1876 and was then sold in 1906 to muckrakers Ray Stannard Barker, Ida Tarbell, and Lincoln Steffans. The periodical addressed the hopes and aspirations of the ordinary man was purchased by Crowell-Collier in 1911.[2]
  • Collier's (1919–1956): The magazine was originally established by Peter Fenelon Collier in New York in 1888. It was purchased by Crowell Publishing in 1919[2] and ceased publication in 1956.[84]
  • The Mentor (1921–1930): This magazine focused on topics including science, art, history, literature and travel. The Mentor merged with the World Traveler in 1930 as the Mentor-World Traveler and ceased publication that same year.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Phineas P. Mast – clarkcountyhistory". clarkcountyhistory.wordpress.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-12. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Chronology". www.subscriptiontoamerica.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  3. ^ a b c Mott, Frank Luther (1930). A History of American Magazines, Vol. IV. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Press. p. 337. ISBN 9780674395503.
  4. ^ a b c d e Mott, Frank Luther (1957). A History of American Magazines, Vol IV. Harvard Press. pp. 769–772. ISBN 978-0674395503.
  5. ^ a b c d "Crowell-Collier Publishing Company Records, 1931-1955" (PDF). Guide to the Crowell-Collier Publishing Company Records. The New York Public Library Humanities and Social Sciences Library Manuscripts and Archives Division. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 23, 2016.
  6. ^ a b "The Iliad of Homer". The New York Times. 1911-02-12. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  7. ^ "LATEST CUSTOMS RULINGS.; Countervailing Duty Accrues on Printing Paper -- Other Tariff Decisions". The New York Times. 1908-04-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  8. ^ a b c "ELEVATED AGENTS ROBBED.; Lone Highwayman Holds Up Two Station -- Gets All Receipts In one". The New York Times. 1911-02-02. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
  9. ^ a b c "PARTNER OF MORGAN IN MAGAZINE FIRM; Thomas W. Lamont One of the New Owners of the American Magazine". The New York Times. 1911-02-05. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-06-08.
  10. ^ a b "ACCUSES MAGAZINES OF TRADE RESTRAINT; Club Rate Agent Says the Leading Publishers Are in a Conspiracy to Keep Up Prices". The New York Times. 1911-06-25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  11. ^ "The New York Times: Saturday July 26, 1919". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  12. ^ a b c "COLLIER'S PLANT TO MOVE TO OHIO; Publication Follows Others That Have Left New York Because of Union Conditions. POSTAGE ALSO AN ITEM To Be Printed Under "Open Shop" Regulations at Springfield -- Bernarr-McFadden May Go". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  13. ^ "CREAGER LOSES SUIT AGAINST COLLIER'S; Republican Leader in Texas Sought $500,000 Damages for Story in Magazine". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-17.
  14. ^ "Advertising News and Notes; Newspaper Campaigns Listed". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
  15. ^ "Magazine Will Suspend". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
  16. ^ "Advertising News and Notes; Drake's Cake in Newspapers". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
  17. ^ "CROWELL CITED BY FTC; Complaint Charges Book Sales Methods Were Misleading". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
  18. ^ "COPIES OF 'VICTORY' SENT TO SOLDIERS; OWI Office Letter Obtained by Senators Gives Details of Budget and Plans ADVERTISING EXPLAINED Success of 'Signal,' German Propaganda Organ, Caused Agency's Counter-Attack". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
  19. ^ "Passing of the Marble Front". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-19.
  20. ^ Newton, Riley. "'Our grandchildren will call us foolish': Crowell-Collier buildings to be demolished". Springfield News-Sun. Springfield, Ohio. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
  21. ^ "The New York Times: Sunday June 17, 1962". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  22. ^ a b "Advertising: Books and Magazines Merging; Publishing Trend Is Shown by Recent Developments. Impact on Finance Editorial Content Is Fundamental Latest in a Series Line Discontinued Other Reports Another Venture". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  23. ^ a b "RECENT MERGERS ALTER BOOK FIELD; Holt and 2 Other Concerns Exchanging Stock -- Text House Also in Deal". The New York Times. April 17, 1960. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  24. ^ a b c d "Publishers of Books Are Turning to Mergers; Some Stocks Listed and Advertising Drives Pushed BOOK PUBLISHING IS TURNING A LEAF". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
  25. ^ a b "The New York Times: Wednesday December 20, 1961". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  26. ^ a b "Personality: Diversifier in Publishing Field; Crowell Collier Head Sets a 'Pattern for Future'". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  27. ^ "Goodyear Rubber and R.J. Reynolds Profits Rise". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  28. ^ a b "CROWELL-COLLIER". [The New York Times. August 4, 1960. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  29. ^ "MERGER IS VOTED FOR PUBLISHERS; Stockholders of Macmillan and Crowell-Collier Back Exchange of Shares". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  30. ^ "Crowell-Collier Publishing Company records 1931–1955". New York Public Library. Archived from the original on 2016-08-22. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
  31. ^ a b "MERGER IS VOTED FOR PUBLISHERS; Stockholders of Macmillan and Crowell-Collier Back Exchange of Shares". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  32. ^ "Book Trade Upset by Changes in Ownership, Size and Staff". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  33. ^ "Advertising: New Name and Emblem at Cities Service". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  34. ^ "The New York Times: Wednesday May 5, 1965". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  35. ^ a b "CROWELL-COLLIER MAPS ACQUISITION; Purchase of an Educational Magazine Is Slated". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  36. ^ a b "ENCYCLOPEDIA SET ON SOCIAL SCIENCE; 3 Publishers Join in Venture Called First of Its Kind in More Than 25 Years". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
  37. ^ "F.T.C. CITES PUBLISHER; Crowell-Collier Accused of Making False Claims". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  38. ^ "MEETINGS DRAW MORE QUESTIONS; Shareholders Are Eager bdt Queries Often Odd". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  39. ^ "F.T.C. Tells Colliers to Halt Encyclopedia Sales Tactics". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  40. ^ a b "Crowell-Collier to Publish 24 Books in New Series". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  41. ^ a b "Crowell-Collier Plans Paper Back Editions". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  42. ^ "The New York Times: Sunday July 2, 1961". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-22.
  43. ^ "Beginners: Easy Reading". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  44. ^ "Series of Books Uses 800 Words For a Beginner". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  45. ^ "CROWELL-COLLIER MAPS ACQUISITION; Purchase of Operator of Six Book Clubs Is Slated". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  46. ^ "The New York Times: Friday November 9, 1962". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  47. ^ "Crowell-Collier Buys Brentano's And Will Run It as Subsidiary; Brentano's, Dealers in Books--Leather-Bound to Paper-Backed". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  48. ^ "RISE IN BOOKSHOPS NOTED AT PARLEY; Trade Is Called Country's 'Most Underdeveloped'". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  49. ^ "CROWELL-COLLIER FORMS A NEW UNIT". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  50. ^ "Crowell-Collier Unit in Deal". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  51. ^ a b "Crowell Collier". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  52. ^ "National Catholic Reporter 7 August 1968 — Catholic Research Resources Alliance". Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  53. ^ "Expansion Planned By Crowell Collier". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  54. ^ a b c "4 Concerns Bought By Crowell Collier". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  55. ^ "Crowell Collier, Macmillan Purchases Brandon Films". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  56. ^ "Acquisition Slated". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  57. ^ "Expansion Planned By Crowell Collier". The New York Times. 1968-10-20. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  58. ^ "The New York Times: Wednesday January 1, 1969". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  59. ^ "University Computing in Move;; LTV Aerospace to Sell COMPANIES PLAN MERGER ACTIONS". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  60. ^ "Ad Data Agency To Be Acquired By Crowell Collier; COMPANIES TAKE MERGER ACTIONS". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  61. ^ "The New York Times: Sunday December 7, 1969". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  62. ^ "Bid Set for Berlitz By Crowell Collier; CROWELL COLLIER BIDS FOR BERLITZ". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  63. ^ "Atlas Credit Planning Merger With Sunset Petroleum Corp". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  64. ^ "The New York Times: Tuesday July 30, 1968". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  65. ^ "Spotlight; Crowell Collier's Bid for School". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  66. ^ "Crowell Collier Receives $19.9-Million for Shares". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  67. ^ "Correspondence Schools Sue Accrediting Agency". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  68. ^ "The New York Times: Sunday December 7, 1969". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  69. ^ "Boom in Mail-Order Schooling Marked by Dubious Practices; Mail Order Schooling Beset by Problems". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  70. ^ a b "CROWELL COLLIER PLANNING MERGER; Offers $33-Million Stock to Publication Corp., Printers". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  71. ^ "This Week Magazine Ends Publication Nov. 2; 39 Subscribers Given Option to Continue Section on Own But 15 Newspapers Cancel Contracts for Supplement". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-23.
  72. ^ a b c "Advertising: 6 Crowell Collier Specialties". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  73. ^ "Crowell-Collier Elects A New Vice President". The New York Times. 1964-12-12. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  74. ^ "CROWELL COLLIER SET TO BUY GUMP'S". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  75. ^ "Garden Seeks Office Building;; Talks With Penn Central". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  76. ^ "Crowell Collier Moving Into Its New Quarters". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-21.
  77. ^ a b "2 Macmillans Agree on Use of Name". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
  78. ^ "Canadian Javelin Chief Bows Out; People and Business". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
  79. ^ "Berlitz Taking Legalese To Win Use of Name". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  80. ^ "A Berlitz Gets Right To Use His Name On Language Books". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  81. ^ "CROWELL COLLIER NAMED IN U.S. SUIT; Divestiture of Ostwald and Conn Concerns Is Sought". timesmachine.NYTimes.com. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
  82. ^ "BOOK PUBLISHER ACCUSED BY F.T.C.; Deceptive Practices Alleged in Encyclopedia Sales". timesmachine.NYTimes.com. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
  83. ^ Ward, Ray (2017). "The Martin Gardner Correspondence with Marcello Truzzi". Skeptical Inquirer. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. 41 (6): 57–59.
  84. ^ "The New York Times: Sunday May 26, 1957". timesmachine.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-20.

External links[edit]

  • Crowell-Collier Publishing Company at Abandoned
  • Crowell-Collier Publishing Company records 1931–1955 at New York Public Library