Iron Maiden - английская хэви-метал группа, образованная в 1975 году в Лейтоне , Восточный Лондон , басистом и автором песен Стивом Харрисом . Дискография группы выросла до 40 альбомов, в том числе 16 студийных, 13 концертных, четыре EP и семь сборников . Они также выпустили 45 синглов и 20 видеоальбомов. Были выпущены две электронные игры с саундтреками Iron Maiden, а музыка группы используется в других видеоиграх, включая Grand Theft Auto , SSX on Tour , Madden NFL 10 , Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 , Carmageddon., Guitar Hero и серии Rock Band .
Железная Дева | |
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Исходная информация | |
Источник | Лондон , Англия |
Жанры | Хэви-метал [1] |
Активные годы | 1975 – настоящее время |
Этикетки | |
Связанные действия | |
Веб-сайт | ironmaiden |
Члены | |
Прошлые участники |
Как пионеры новой волны британского хэви-метала , Iron Maiden достигли первоначального успеха в начале 1980-х. После нескольких изменений в составе группа выпустила серию платиновых и золотых альбомов в Великобритании и США, включая одноименный дебютный альбом 1980 года, Killers 1981 года , The Number of the Beast 1982 года, Piece of Mind 1983 года , Powerslave 1984 года , концерт 1985 года. релиз Live After Death , 1986 года Где - то во время , 1988 в седьмой сын седьмого сына , 1990 - Нет молитвы за Умирающий и 1992 по Страх темноты . В 1982 году группа выпустила свой альбом The Number of the Beast , первый с Брюсом Дикинсоном , который заменил Пола Ди'Анно в качестве солиста. Это был поворотный момент в их карьере, который помог Iron Maiden стать одним из самых значимых исполнителей хэви-метала в истории. [2] К 2010 году по всему миру было продано более 14 миллионов копий альбома. [3] После возвращения в 1999 году ведущего вокалиста Брюса Дикинсона и гитариста Адриана Смита популярность группы возродилась, благодаря серии новых альбомов и весьма успешных туров. [4] Их альбом 2010 года The Final Frontier занял первое место в 28 странах и получил признание критиков. Шестнадцатый студийный альбом The Book of Souls был выпущен 4 сентября 2015 года с таким же успехом, дебютировав под номером один в альбомных чартах 24 стран. [5] [6] [7]
К 2017 году Iron Maiden продали более 100 миллионов копий своих альбомов по всему миру [8] [9], несмотря на небольшую поддержку по радио и телевидению. [10] По данным MD Daily Record, к 2021 году все аудиовизуальные релизы группы были проданы тиражом более 200 миллионов копий по всему миру, включая обычные альбомы, синглы, VHS, DVD и все сборники. [11]
Группа и ее музыканты получили множество номинаций, наград и наград, включая премию Грэмми и ее эквиваленты во многих странах, награды Brit Awards , Silver Clef Award , ECHO Awards , Juno Awards , Emma-Gaala Awards , Nordoff-Robbins Award (International Achievement 2002). , Ivor Novello Awards , Public Choice International , Metal Hammer Awards , Kerrang! Награды , награды Classic Rock Roll of Honor , почетные доктора и награды за признание продаж. Iron Maiden были включены в группы Hollywood RockWalk и Kerrang! Зал славы в 2005 году. [12] [13] В апреле 2021 года бывшие участники группы были включены в Зал славы металла. Группа также является частью постоянных выставок Зала славы рок-н-ролла [14] и British Music Experience . [15] Iron Maiden стали одной из самых влиятельных и уважаемых рок-групп всех времен. [16]
Тексты песен Iron Maiden охватывают такие темы, как история, литература, война, мифология, общество, религия. Многие из их песен основаны на истории, классической литературе и фильмах. [17] [18] По состоянию на октябрь 2019 [Обновить]года группа отыграла около 2500 живых выступлений перед десятками миллионов фанатов. Более 40 лет музыкантов поддерживает их знаменитый талисман « Эдди », который появляется почти на всех обложках их альбомов и синглов, видео и других товарах. Первоначально разработанный Дереком Риггсом , Эдди стал главной достопримечательностью живых выступлений Iron Maiden, в которых используются такие театральные элементы, как цветные фоны, надувные предметы, пиротехника, сложные осветительные установки, реквизит и сценические декорации. [19]
История
Ранние годы (1975–1978)
Iron Maiden были сформированы на Рождество, 25 декабря 1975 года, басистом Стивом Харрисом вскоре после того, как он покинул свою предыдущую группу Smiler. Харрис связал название группы с экранизацией фильма «Человек в железной маске» по роману Александра Дюма , название которого напомнило ему о пыточном устройстве « железная дева» . [21] После нескольких месяцев репетиций Iron Maiden дебютировали в Сент-Никс-Холле в Попларе 1 мая 1976 года, [22] прежде, чем устроиться в полупрезидентскую резиденцию в Cart and Horses Pub в Мэриленде , Стратфорд. [23]
Первоначальный состав просуществовал недолго, первой жертвой стал вокалист Пол Дэй , поскольку, по словам Харриса, ему не хватало «энергии или харизмы на сцене». [24] Его заменил Деннис Уилкок, фанат Kiss, который использовал грим и поддельную кровь во время живых выступлений. [24] Друг Уилкока, Дэйв Мюррей , был приглашен присоединиться, к большому разочарованию гитаристов группы Дэйва Салливана и Терри Рэнса. [25] Их разочарование привело к тому, что Харрис временно распустил Iron Maiden в 1976 году, [25] хотя вскоре группа реформировалась, и Мюррей стал единственным гитаристом. Харрис и Мюррей остаются старейшими участниками группы и выступили на всех своих релизах.
В 1977 году Iron Maiden наняли еще одного гитариста, Боба Сойера, которого уволили за то, что он поставил группу в неловкое положение на сцене, притворившись играющим на гитаре зубами. [26] Напряжение последовало снова, вызвав раскол между Мюрреем и Уилкоком, который убедил Харриса уволить Мюррея, [27], а также оригинального барабанщика Рона Мэтьюза. [22] Новая линейка была собрана, в том числе будущий Cutting Crew член Тони Мур на клавишных, Терри Вапрам на гитаре и барабанщик Барри Purkis (более известный сегодня как Thunderstick). Плохое выступление в Bridgehouse, пабе, расположенном в Canning Town [28], в ноябре 1977 года было первым и единственным концертом состава. После этого Iron Maiden уволили Пуркиса и заменили его Дугом Сэмпсоном . [29] В то же время Мура попросили уйти, так как Харрис решил, что клавишные не подходят по звучанию группы. [29] Несколько месяцев спустя Деннис Уилкок решил покинуть Iron Maiden, чтобы сформировать свою собственную группу V1, и Дэйв Мюррей был немедленно восстановлен. [30] Поскольку он предпочитал быть единственным гитаристом группы, Вапрам не одобрял возвращение Мюррея, и был также уволен. [22]
Харрис, Мюррей и Сэмпсон провели лето и осень 1978 года, репетируя, пока искали певца, чтобы дополнить новый состав группы. [31] Случайная встреча в пабе Red Lion в Лейтонстоне в ноябре 1978 года превратилась в успешное прослушивание вокалиста Пола Ди'Анно . [32] Стив Харрис заявил: «В голосе Пола есть какая-то особенность, хриплость в его голосе, или как бы вы это ни называли, что дало ему такое огромное преимущество». [33] В то время Мюррей обычно выступал в качестве их единственного гитариста, а Харрис комментировал: «Дэйви был настолько хорош, что мог многое сделать самостоятельно. План всегда заключался в том, чтобы пригласить второго гитариста, но найти его. это могло сравниться с Дэйви было действительно сложно ». [34]
Запись контракта и ранние выпуски (1978–1981)
В канун Нового 1978 года Iron Maiden записали демо, состоящее из четырех песен, в Spaceward Studios в Кембридже. [35] Надеясь, что запись поможет им получить больше выступлений, [35] группа подарила копию Нилу Кею , который тогда управлял хэви-метал-клубом «Bandwagon Heavy Metal Soundhouse», расположенным в Кингсбери-Серкл, на северо-западе Лондона. [36] Услышав кассету, Кей начал регулярно проигрывать демо в Bandwagon, и одна из песен, «Prowler», в конечном итоге заняла первое место в чартах Soundhouse, которые еженедельно публиковались в журнале Sounds . [37] Копию также приобрел Род Смоллвуд , который вскоре стал менеджером группы, [38] и, по мере роста популярности Iron Maiden, они выпустили демо на своем собственном лейбле под названием The Soundhouse Tapes , названном в честь клуба. [39] Включает только три трека (одна песня, "Strange World", была исключена, поскольку группа была недовольна ее продюсированием) [40], все пять тысяч копий были распроданы в течение нескольких недель. [41]
В декабре 1979 года группа обеспечила основной контракт с лейблом EMI , [42] и попросил друга детства Дэйв Мюррей, Адриан Смит из Urchin , чтобы присоединиться к группе в качестве второго гитариста. [43] Из-за своих обязательств перед Urchin Смит отказался, и вместо него был нанят Деннис Стрэттон . [44] Вскоре после этого Дуг Сэмпсон ушел из-за проблем со здоровьем, и 26 декабря 1979 года его заменил бывший барабанщик Samson Клайв Бёрр по предложению Стрэттона. [45] Первое появление Iron Maiden на альбоме было на компиляции Metal for Muthas ( выпущен 15 февраля 1980 г.) с двумя ранними версиями " Sanctuary " и "Wrathchild". [46] Релиз привел к последующему туру, в котором участвовали несколько других групп, связанных с новой волной британского хэви-метала . [47]
Iron Maiden выпустили одноименный альбом в 1980 году, который дебютировал на 4 месте в UK Albums Chart . [48] В дополнение к заглавной песне (концертная версия которой станет одним из первых музыкальных видеоклипов, транслируемых на MTV ), [49] в альбом включены другие ранние фавориты, такие как « Running Free », «Transylvania», «Phantom» of the Opera »и« Sanctuary »- которого не было в оригинальном британском выпуске, но он появился в американской версии и последующих ремастерах. Группа отправилась в хэдлайнерский тур по Великобритании , а затем разогнала Kiss в рамках европейского этапа Unmasked Tour 1980 года , а также разогревала Judas Priest в определенные даты . Iron Maiden также появились, к большому успеху, на фестивале чтения в 1980 году. Они заняли второе место в списке лидеров в субботу с UFO в качестве хэдлайнеров. После тура Kiss Деннис Стрэттон был уволен из группы в результате творческих и личных разногласий [50], и в октябре 1980 года его заменил Адриан Смит .
В 1981 году Iron Maiden выпустили второй студийный альбом Killers . Содержит много треков , написанных до их выпуска дебютного, только две новые песни были написаны для записи: «Блудный сын» и «Убийство на улице Морг» [51] (название последнего был взят из новеллы по Edgar Allan Poe ) . [52] Неудовлетворенные продюсированием своего дебютного альбома [53], группа наняла продюсера-ветерана Мартина Берча , [54] который продолжал работать с Iron Maiden до своего выхода на пенсию в 1992 году. [55] За записью последовала запись группы. первое мировое турне , которое включало их дебютное выступление в Соединенных Штатах, открытие для Judas Priest в казино Aladdin в Лас-Вегасе. [56] Killers дебютировали в чартах США, достигнув 78 места в Billboard 200 . [57]
Успех (1981–1985)
К 1981 году Пол Ди'Анно демонстрировал все более саморазрушительное поведение, особенно из-за его употребления наркотиков, [22] по поводу чего Ди'Анно комментирует: «Дело не только в том, что я нюхал немного кокса; просто шла к этому безостановочно, 24 часа в сутки, каждый день ... У группы накапливались обязательства, которые длились месяцами, годами, и я просто не мог найти свой путь до конца. Я знал Я бы никогда не продержался весь тур. Это было слишком ». [58] Когда его выступления пошли на убыль, Ди'Анно был немедленно уволен после Killer World Tour, [59] после чего группа уже выбрала ему замену. [60]
После встречи с Родом Smallwood на фестивале в Рединге , [61] Брюс Дикинсон , ранее о Самсоне , пробовался на Iron Maiden в сентябре 1981 года и сразу же был принят на работу. [60] В следующем месяце Дикинсон отправился с группой в небольшой тур по Италии, а также на одноразовое шоу в Rainbow Theatre в Великобритании. [59] На последнем концерте и в преддверии своего грядущего альбома группа сыграла «Children of the Damned» и «22 Acacia Avenue», знакомя поклонников со звуком, к которому они продвигались. [62]
В 1982 году Iron Maiden выпустили свой третий студийный альбом The Number of the Beast . Это стало первым рекордом группы UK Albums Chart [63] , он вошел в десятку лучших во многих других странах и достиг 33-го места в Billboard 200 . [57] [64] В то время Дикинсон находился в разгаре юридических трудностей с менеджментом Самсона, и ему не разрешили добавить свое имя ни к одному из авторов песен, хотя он все же сделал то, что он назвал «моральным вкладом». на «Дети проклятых», «Узник» и « Беги в горы ». [65] Во второй раз группа отправилась в мировое турне, получившее название The Beast on the Road , во время которого они посетили Северную Америку, Японию, Австралию и Европу, в том числе выступили в заголовках на фестивале Reading. Закрепилась новая и чрезвычайно успешная глава в будущем Iron Maiden; к 2010 году альбом был продан тиражом более 14 миллионов копий по всему миру. [66]
Американская нога The Beast on the Road вызвала споры, когда американская консервативная политическая лоббистская группа заявила, что Iron Maiden были сатанинскими из-за заглавной песни нового альбома [64], до такой степени, что группа христианских активистов уничтожила записи Iron Maiden в знак протеста. [67] В последние годы Дикинсон заявил, что группа расценила это как «глупость» [68], и что демонстрации на самом деле дали им «большую огласку». [22]
В декабре 1982 года барабанщик Клайв Берр был уволен из группы и заменен Нико МакБрейном , ранее игравшим в Trust . [69] Хотя Харрис заявил, что его увольнение произошло из-за того, что на его живые выступления повлияла деятельность за кулисами, [70] Берр возражал против этого и утверждал, что его несправедливо выгнали из группы. [71] Вскоре после этого группа впервые отправилась на Багамы, чтобы записать первый из трех последовательных альбомов в Compass Point Studios . [72] В 1983 году они выпустили свой четвертый студийный альбом Piece of Mind , который занял 3-е место в Великобритании, [73] и 14-е место в Billboard 200 . [57] Piece of Mind включает в себя успешные синглы " The Trooper " и " Flight of Icarus ", последний стал одной из немногих песен группы, которые широко транслировались в США. [74]
Вскоре после успеха Piece of Mind и его тура в поддержку группы 9 сентября 1984 года группа выпустила пятый студийный альбом Powerslave . В альбом вошли синглы « 2 Minutes to Midnight » и « Aces High », а также «Rime». из древних Mariner», основанного на Кольридж «s стихотворении того же имени , и работает в течение 13 минут в длину. [75] Альбом стал еще одним успехом в чартах, достигнув 12 места в Billboard 200 [57] и 2 места в Великобритании. [76]
Последовавший за альбомом тур, получивший название World Slavery Tour , был крупнейшим на сегодняшний день для группы, состоявшим из 193 концертов в 28 странах за 13 месяцев [75], при участии примерно 3 500 000 человек. [77] Многие шоу проходили подряд в одном и том же городе, например, в Лонг-Бич, Калифорния, где группа отыграла четыре концерта подряд. Их первый концертный альбом Live After Death имел успех у критиков и коммерческий успех, достигнув 19-го места в Billboard 200 [57] и 2-го места в Великобритании. [78] Iron Maiden также дебютировали в Южной Америке, где они стали одними из хэдлайнеров (вместе с Queen ) фестиваля Rock in Rio, собрав около 300 000 человек. [79] Тур был физически изнурительным для группы, которая потребовала шесть месяцев перерыва, когда он закончился (хотя позже он был сокращен до четырех месяцев). [80] Это был первый существенный прорыв в истории группы, включая отмену предложенного тура в поддержку нового концертного альбома [81], при этом Брюс Дикинсон пригрозил уйти, если тур не закончится. [82]
Эксперименты (1986–1989)
Вернувшись из отпуска, группа приняла другой стиль для своего студийного альбома 1986 года Somewhere in Time . Впервые в истории группы в нем использовались синтезированные бас и гитары, чтобы добавить текстуры и слои к звуку. [83] Релиз хорошо зарекомендовал себя во всем мире, особенно с синглом " Wasted Years ", но, в частности, не включал в себя никаких авторских прав Дикинсона, материал которого был отвергнут остальной частью группы. [84] В то время как Дикинсон был сосредоточен на своей собственной музыке, гитарист Адриан Смит, который обычно сотрудничал с вокалистом, был «предоставлен [своим] собственным устройствам» и начал писать песни самостоятельно, придумав «Wasted Years» ». Sea of Madness »и« Stranger in a Strange Land » [85], последний из которых станет вторым синглом альбома. [84] Альбом стал крупнейшим успехом группы в американских чартах на сегодняшний день, достигнув 11-го места в Billboard 200 [57] и 2-го места в британских чартах. [78]
Экспериментирование очевидно на Somewhere во времени продолжали свой следующий альбом, седьмой сын седьмого сына , который был выпущен в 1988. концептуальный альбом , основанный на 1987 романе Seventh Son по Орсон Скотт Кард , [86] он был бэнда первым запись включает клавишные в исполнении Харриса и Смита. [86] После того, как его вклад не был использован для Somewhere in Time , энтузиазм Дикинсона возобновился, поскольку его идеи были приняты для этого альбома. [87] Еще один популярный релиз, он стал вторым альбомом Iron Maiden на хит № 1 в чартах Великобритании, [88] и достиг № 12 на Billboard 200 , [57] , хотя это достигается только сертификат Gold в США, в отличие от своих четырех предшественников. [89]
Во время следующего тура группа впервые выступила хэдлайнером на фестивале Monsters of Rock в Донингтон-парке 20 августа 1988 года, выступая перед самой большой толпой за всю историю фестиваля, около 107 000 человек присутствовало. [90] Также в счет были Kiss , Дэвид Ли Рот , Megadeth , Guns N 'Roses и Helloween . [91] Однако фестиваль был омрачен смертью двух фанатов в толпе во время выступления Guns N 'Roses; в результате фестиваль следующего года был отменен. [90] Тур завершился несколькими выступлениями в Великобритании в ноябре и декабре 1988 года, концертами на NEC Arena в Бирмингеме, записанными для живого видео под названием Maiden England . [92] На протяжении всего тура бас-техник Харриса, Майкл Кенни, выступал вживую с клавишными. [93] С тех пор Кенни выступал в качестве клавишника группы, а также выступал на четырех следующих альбомах группы, прежде чем Харрис стал единственным клавишником группы в Brave New World 2000-х . [94]
Переворот (1989–1994)
Во время очередного перерыва в 1989 году гитарист Адриан Смит вместе со своей группой ASAP выпустил сольный альбом под названием Silver and Gold . [95] Вокалист Брюс Дикинсон начал работу над сольным альбомом с бывшим гитаристом Gillan Яником Герсом , выпустив « Tattooed Millionaire» в 1990 году [96], после чего последовал тур. [97] В то же время, чтобы отметить десятилетнюю годовщину записи группы, Iron Maiden выпустили сборник The First Ten Years , серию из десяти компакт-дисков и двойных 12-дюймовых синглов . В период с 24 февраля по 28 апреля 1990 года отдельные части были выпущены одна за другой, каждая из которых содержала по два сингла Iron Maiden, включая оригинальные би-сайды.
Вскоре после этого Iron Maiden перегруппировались, чтобы работать над новым студийным альбомом. На стадии подготовки к производству Адриан Смит покинул группу из-за разногласий со Стивом Харрисом относительно того, в каком направлении должна двигаться группа, не соглашаясь с «урезанным» стилем, к которому они склонялись. [98] Яник Герс, работавший над сольным проектом Дикинсона, был выбран вместо Смита и стал первым новым участником группы за семь лет. [97] Альбом, Нет Молитва за умирание , был выпущен в октябре 1990 года [99] Он содержал « Bring Your Daughter ... на убой », группы первый (и на сегодняшний день, только) UK Singles Chart No. 1, первоначально записанная сольным коллективом Дикинсона для саундтрека к фильму «Кошмар на улице Вязов 5: Дитя мечты» . [100] Песня была запрещена BBC, и был показан только 90-секундный живой клип на Top of the Pops. Альбом дебютировал под номером 2 в чарте альбомов Великобритании [100] и под номером 17 в Billboard 200 . [57]
После еще одного турне и некоторого перерыва группа записала свой следующий студийный альбом Fear of the Dark , который был выпущен в 1992 году. Заглавный трек теперь регулярно присутствует в концертных сет-листах группы. Достижение своего третьего порядка № 1 в Великобритании альбомов графике и № 12 на Billboard 200 , [57] [101] выпуск также включены № 2 сингл « Be Быстрый или мертвым » и № 21 сингл " От Сюда в Вечность ». На альбоме впервые написаны песни Герсом, при этом Харрис и Дикинсон вообще не работали над песнями. Последовавший за этим обширный мировой тур включал их первый в истории латиноамериканский этап (после единственного концерта во время World Slavery Tour) и хэдлайнеров фестивалей Monsters of Rock в семи европейских странах. Второе выступление Iron Maiden в Донингтон-парке перед аудиторией в 68 500 человек (посещаемость была ограничена после инцидента в 1988 году) [102] было снято для аудио- и видео-релиза Live at Donington , и в нем участвовал Адриан Смит, выступивший в качестве гостя. присоединился к группе, чтобы исполнить "Running Free". [102]
В 1993 году Дикинсон покинул группу, чтобы продолжить сольную карьеру, но согласился остаться для прощального тура и двух концертных альбомов (позже переизданных одним пакетом ). [103] Первый, A Real Live One , включал песни с 1986 по 1992 год и был выпущен в марте 1993 года. Второй, A Real Dead One , включал песни с 1980 по 1984 год и был выпущен после того, как Дикинсон покинул группу. Тур прошел не очень хорошо: Стив Харрис утверждал, что Дикинсон будет правильно выступать только на громких шоу, и что на нескольких концертах он только бормотал в микрофон. [104] Дикинсон отрицал, что плохо выступал, заявив, что было невозможно «выглядеть как мистер Хэппи Лицо, если атмосфера была неправильной», и что известие о его уходе из группы предотвратило любые шансы на создание хорошей атмосферы. во время тура. [105] Он сыграл свое прощальное шоу с Iron Maiden 28 августа 1993 года. Это было снято, передано BBC и выпущено на видео под названием Raising Hell . [106]
Эпоха Блейза Бейли, X-фактор и Virtual XI (1994–1999)
В 1994 году группа прослушала сотни кассет, присланных вокалистами, прежде чем убедить Блейза Бэйли , бывшего участника группы Wolfsbane , который поддерживал Iron Maiden в 1990 году, пройти прослушивание для них. [107] Предпочтительный выбор Харриса с самого начала, [108] Бейли отличался вокальным стилем от своего предшественника, что в конечном итоге вызвало неоднозначную реакцию среди фанатов. [109]
После двухлетнего перерыва (а также трехлетнего перерыва в студийных выпусках - рекорд для группы в то время) Iron Maiden вернулись в 1995 году. Выпустив свой следующий студийный альбом The X Factor , у группы были самые низкие результаты. альбом в Великобритании занимает позицию в чартах с 1981 года (дебютировал на 8-м месте) [110], хотя впоследствии он выигрывал награды « Альбом года » во Франции и Германии. [111] Запись включала 11-минутную эпопею "Sign of the Cross", самую длинную песню группы со времен "Rime of the Ancient Mariner", а также синглы " Man on the Edge ", основанные на фильме Falling Down , [112] и « Повелитель мух » по одноименному роману . [113] Релиз примечателен своим «мрачным» тоном, навеянным разводом Стива Харриса. [111] Группа гастролировала до конца 1995 и 1996 годов, впервые играя в Израиле и Южной Африке, [114] и заканчивая Америкой . После тура Iron Maiden выпустили сборник Best of the Beast . Первый сборник группы, он включал новый сингл " Virus ", тексты которого нападают на критиков, которые недавно списали группу. [115]
In 1998, Iron Maiden released Virtual XI, whose chart scores were the band's lowest to date, failing to score one million worldwide sales for the first time in the band's history.[116][117] The album peaked at No. 16 in the UK; the band's lowest for a new studio record.[118] At the same time, Steve Harris assisted in remastering the band's entire discography, up to and including Live at Donington (which was given a mainstream release for the first time).[119]
Bayley's tenure in Iron Maiden ended in January 1999 when he was asked to leave during a band meeting.[120] The dismissal took place due to issues Bayley had experienced with his voice during the Virtual XI World Tour,[121] although Janick Gers stated that this was partly the band's fault for forcing him to perform songs pitched outside the natural range of his voice.[122]
Return of Dickinson and Smith, Brave New World (1999–2002)
While the group were considering a replacement for Bayley, Rod Smallwood convinced Steve Harris to invite Bruce Dickinson back into the band.[123] Although Harris admitted that he "wasn't really into it" at first, he then thought, "'Well, if the change happens, who should we get?' The thing is, we know Bruce and we know what he's capable of, and you think, 'Well, better the devil you know.' I mean, we got on well professionally for, like, eleven years, and so ... after I thought about it, I didn't really have a problem with it."[123]
The band entered into talks with Dickinson, who agreed to rejoin during a meeting in Brighton in January 1999,[124] along with guitarist Adrian Smith, who was telephoned a few hours later.[125] With Gers, Smith's replacement, remaining, Iron Maiden now had a three-guitar line-up, and embarked on a hugely successful reunion tour.[126] Dubbed The Ed Hunter Tour, it tied in with the band's newly released greatest hits collection, Ed Hunter, whose track listing was decided by a poll on the group's website, and also contained a computer game of the same name starring the band's mascot.[127]
One of Dickinson's primary concerns on rejoining the group "was whether we would in fact be making a real state-of-the-art record and not just a comeback album,"[123] which eventually took the form of 2000's Brave New World.[128] Having disliked the results from Harris' personal studio, Barnyard Studios located on his property in Essex,[129] which had been used for the last four Iron Maiden studio albums, the band recorded the new release at Guillaume Tell Studios in Paris, France in November 1999 with producer Kevin Shirley.[128] Thematic influences continued with "The Wicker Man" – based on the 1973 British cult film of the same name – and "Brave New World" – title taken from the Aldous Huxley novel of the same name.[130] The album furthered the more progressive and melodic sound present in some earlier recordings, with elaborate song structures and keyboard orchestration.[130]
The world tour that followed consisted of well over 100 dates and culminated on 19 January 2001 in a show at the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil, where Iron Maiden played to an audience of around 250,000.[131] While the performance was being produced for a CD and DVD release in March 2002, under the name Rock in Rio,[132] the band took a year off from touring, during which they played three consecutive shows at Brixton Academy in aid of former drummer Clive Burr, who had recently announced that he had been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.[133] The band performed two further concerts for Burr's MS Trust Fund charity in 2005,[134] and 2007,[135] before his death in 2013.[136]
Dance of Death and A Matter of Life and Death (2003–2007)
Following their Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour in the summer of 2003, Iron Maiden released Dance of Death, their thirteenth studio album, which was met by worldwide critical and commercial success. The album reached No. 2 in the UK albums chart[137] and No. 18 on the Billboard 200.[57] Produced by Kevin Shirley, now the band's regular producer, many critics felt that this release matched up to their earlier efforts, such as Killers, Piece of Mind and The Number of the Beast.[138] As usual, historical, and literary references were present, with "Montségur" in particular being about the Cathar stronghold conquered in 1244,[139] and "Paschendale" relating to the significant battle which took place during the First World War.[140] During the following tour, the band's performance at Westfalenhalle, in Dortmund, Germany, was recorded and released in August 2005 as a live album and DVD, entitled Death on the Road.[141]
In 2005, the band announced the Eddie Rips Up the World Tour, which, tying in with their 2004 DVD entitled The History of Iron Maiden – Part 1: The Early Days, only featured material from their first four albums.[142] As part of this celebration of their earlier years, "The Number of the Beast" single was re-released[143] and went straight to No. 3 in the UK Chart.[144] The tour included many headlining stadium and festival dates, including a performance at Ullevi Stadium in Sweden to an audience of almost 60,000.[145] This concert was also broadcast live on satellite television all over Europe to approximately 60 million viewers.[146] Following this run of European shows, the band co-headlined the US festival tour, Ozzfest, with Black Sabbath. The show earned international press coverage after it was sabotaged by singer Ozzy Osbourne's family, who took offence to Dickinson's remarks against reality TV.[147] The band completed the tour by headlining the Reading and Leeds Festivals on the 26–28 August,[148] and the RDS Stadium in Ireland on 31 August. For the second time, the band played a charity show for The Clive Burr MS Trust Fund, which took place at the Hammersmith Apollo.[134] The same year, the band were inducted into the Hollywood RockWalk in Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles.[149]
At the end of 2005, Iron Maiden began work on A Matter of Life and Death, their fourteenth studio album, released in autumn 2006. While not a concept album,[150] war and religion are recurring themes in the lyrics, as well as in the cover artwork. The release was a critical and commercial success, earning the band their first top ten in the Billboard 200[151] and receiving the Album of the Year award at the 2006 Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards.[152] A supporting tour followed, during which they played the album in its entirety; response to this was mixed.[153]
The second part of the "A Matter of Life and Death" tour, which took place in 2007, was dubbed "A Matter of the Beast" to celebrate the 25th anniversary of The Number of the Beast album, and included appearances at several major festivals worldwide.[154] The tour opened in the Middle East with the band's first performance in Dubai at the Dubai Desert Rock Festival,[155] after which they played to over 40,000 people at the Bangalore Palace Grounds,[156] marking the first concert by any major heavy metal band in the Indian sub-continent.[155] The band went on to play a string of European dates, including an appearance at Download Festival, their fourth headline performance at Donington Park,[157] to approximately 80,000 people.[158] On 24 June they ended the tour with a performance at London's Brixton Academy in aid of The Clive Burr MS Trust fund.[135]
Somewhere Back in Time World Tour and Flight 666 (2007–2009)
On 5 September 2007, the band announced their Somewhere Back in Time World Tour, which tied in with the DVD release of their Live After Death album.[159] The setlist for the tour consisted of successes from the 1980s, with a specific emphasis on the Powerslave era for set design.[159] The first part of the tour, commencing in Mumbai, India on 1 February 2008, consisted of 24 concerts in 21 cities, travelling nearly 50,000 miles in the band's own chartered aeroplane,[160] named "Ed Force One".[161] They played their first ever concerts in Costa Rica and Colombia and their first shows in Australia and Puerto Rico since 1992.
The tour led to the release of a new compilation album, entitled Somewhere Back in Time, which included a selection of tracks from their 1980 eponymous debut to 1988's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son, as well as several live versions from Live After Death.[162]
The Somewhere Back in Time World Tour continued with two further legs in the US and Europe in the summer of 2008, during which the band used a more expansive stage-set, including further elements of the original Live After Death show.[163] With the sole UK concert taking place at Twickenham Stadium, this would be the first time the band would headline a stadium in their own country.[164] The three 2008 legs of the tour were remarkably successful; it was the second highest-grossing tour of the year for a British artist.[165]
The last part of the tour took place in February and March 2009, with the band, once again, using "Ed Force One".[166] The final leg included the band's first ever appearances in Peru and Ecuador, as well as their return to Venezuela and New Zealand after 17 years.[167] The band also played another show in India (their third in the country within a span of 2 years) at the Rock in India festival to a crowd of 20,000. At their concert in São Paulo on 15 March, Dickinson announced on stage that it was the largest non-festival show of their career, with an overall attendance of 100,000 people.[168][169] The final leg ended in Florida on 2 April after which the band took a break. Overall, the tour reportedly had an attendance of over two and a half million people worldwide over both years.[170] At the 2009 Brit Awards, Iron Maiden won the award for best British live act.[171] Voted for by the public, the band reportedly won by a landslide.[172]
On 20 January 2009, the band announced that they were to release a full-length documentary film in select cinemas on 21 April 2009. Entitled Iron Maiden: Flight 666, it was filmed during the first part of the Somewhere Back in Time World Tour between February and March 2008.[173] Flight 666 was co-produced by Banger Productions and was distributed in cinemas by Arts Alliance Media and EMI, with D&E Entertainment sub-distributing in the US.[174] The film went on to have a Blu-ray, DVD, and CD release in May and June,[170] topping the music DVD charts in 25 countries.[169]
The Final Frontier and Maiden England World Tour (2010–2014)
Following announcements that the band had begun composition of new material and booked studio time in early 2010 with Kevin Shirley producing,[175] The Final Frontier was announced on 4 March.[176] The album, the band's fifteenth, was released on 16 August,[177] garnering critical acclaim[178] and the band's greatest commercial success in their current history, reaching No. 1 in twenty-eight countries worldwide.[179] Album debuted at No. 4 on Billboard 200 reaching the highest American album charts position to date.[180] Although Steve Harris had been quoted in the past as claiming that the band would only produce fifteen studio releases,[181] band members have since confirmed that there will be at least one further record.[182]
The album's supporting tour saw the band perform 98 shows across the globe to an estimated audience of well over 2 million,[183] including their first visits to Singapore, Indonesia, and South Korea,[179] before concluding in London on 6 August 2011.[184] As the tour's 2010 leg preceded The Final Frontier's release, the band made "El Dorado" available as a free download on 8 June,[177] which would go on to win the award for Best Metal Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards on 13 February 2011.[185] It was the band's first win following two previous Grammy nominations ("Fear of the Dark" in 1994 and "The Wicker Man" in 2001).[186]
On 15 March, a new compilation to accompany 2009's Somewhere Back in Time was announced. Entitled From Fear to Eternity, the original release date was set at 23 May, but was later delayed to 6 June.[187] The double disc set covers the period 1990–2010 (the band's most recent eight studio albums),[187] and, as on Somewhere Back in Time, live versions with Bruce Dickinson were included in place of original recordings which featured other vocalists, in this case Blaze Bayley.
In a press release regarding From Fear to Eternity, band manager Rod Smallwood revealed that Iron Maiden would release a new concert video to DVD in 2011, filmed in Santiago, Chile and Buenos Aires, Argentina during The Final Frontier World Tour.[188] On 17 January 2012, the band announced that the new release, entitled En Vivo!, based on footage from the Chile concert, would be made available worldwide on CD, LP, DVD, and Blu-ray on 26 March, except for the United States and Canada (where it was released on 27 March).[189] In addition to the concert footage, the video release includes an 88-minute tour documentary, entitled Behind The Beast, containing interviews with the band and their crew.[190] In December 2012, one song from the release ("Blood Brothers") was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance at the 2013 Grammy Awards.[191]
On 15 February 2012, the band announced the Maiden England World Tour 2012–14, which was based around the video of the same name.[192] The tour commenced in North America in the summer of 2012 and was followed by further dates in 2013 and 2014, which included the band's record-breaking fifth headline performance at Donington Park,[193] their first show at the newly built national stadium in Stockholm,[194] a return to the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil,[195] and their debut appearance in Paraguay.[196] In August 2012, Steve Harris stated that the Maiden England video would be re-issued in 2013,[197] with a release date later set for 25 March 2013 in DVD, CD, and LP formats under the title Maiden England '88.[198]
The Book of Souls and Legacy of the Beast (2015–present)
Following confirmation from the group that 2010's The Final Frontier would not be their last album,[182] Bruce Dickinson revealed plans for a sixteenth studio record in July 2013, with a potential release date in 2015.[199] In February 2015, drummer Nicko McBrain revealed that a new album had been completed, although the release was put on hold as Dickinson was recovering from treatment for a cancerous tumour found on his tongue.[200] On 15 May, after Dickinson was cleared for activities, manager Rod Smallwood confirmed that the album would be released in 2015, although the band would not tour until 2016 to allow Dickinson to continue recuperating.[201] On 18 June 2015, the band's website announced its title, The Book of Souls, and confirmed a release date of 4 September 2015.[202] It is the band's first original studio album not to be issued by EMI outside North America, following Parlophone's acquisition by Warner Music Group in 2013.[203] It was a critical and commercial success, becoming the band's fifth UK No. 1 album[204] and second No. 4 on Billboard 200 in the US.[180] The Book of Souls reached number one positions in the album charts of 43 countries.[205]
The new record was recorded at Guillaume Tell Studios, Paris, which they had previously used for 2000's Brave New World, with regular producer Kevin Shirley in late summer 2014.[206] With a total run time of 92 minutes, it is the group's first double studio album.[206] In addition, the release's closing song, "Empire of the Clouds", penned by Dickinson, surpassed "Rime of the Ancient Mariner" (from 1984's Powerslave) as Iron Maiden's longest song, at 18 minutes in length.[202] A music video for the song "Speed of Light" was issued on 14 August.[207]
In February 2016, the band embarked on The Book of Souls World Tour, which saw them play concerts in 35 countries in North and South America, Asia, Australasia, Africa, and Europe, including their first ever performances in China, El Salvador, and Lithuania.[208] As with 2008–09's Somewhere Back in Time World Tour and 2010–11's The Final Frontier World Tour, the group travelled in a customised aeroplane, flown by Dickinson and nicknamed "Ed Force One", although they used a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet.[209] The band completed the tour in 2017 with further European and North American shows.[210] On 20 September 2017, The Book of Souls: Live Chapter was announced. Recorded throughout The Book of Souls World Tour, it was released on 17 November 2017.[211]
In the summer of 2016, the group launched a mobile game, Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast[212] and a pinball game with the same name in 2018.[213] The game has been No. 1 mobile RPG in multiple markets, with over 4 million players worldwide having downloaded the game.[214] Inspired by the game's title, the band would undertake the Legacy of the Beast World Tour, commencing in Europe in 2018,[215] with North and South American shows following in 2019.[216] On 23 September 2019, the band announced they would play the 2020 Belsonic Festival in Belfast and a headline show at Donington Park, England, as part of 2020 Download Festival.[217] On 7 November 2019, they announced Australian shows throughout May 2020 joined by Killswitch Engage.[218] Legacy of The Beast World Tour has been critically acclaimed by fans and media as the most extravagant and visually stunningly live show of the band’s career to date. Both the production and the decades-spanning set-list of fan favourites and hits were inspired by their so same named mobile phone game. The multi-themed shows opened with a replica Spitfire flying above the stage and progresses through a two-hour theatrical journey of ever-evolving interlocking stage sets with multiple incarnations of Eddie, pyrotechnics and special effects including muskets, claymores, flame throwers, a giant electrified crucifix, a noose, gallows and an enormous Icarus among many other attractions.[219]
In May 2020, the band announced that all concerts for the year had been cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with tour dates rescheduled for 2021.[220] In April 2021 it was announced that whole 2021 tour was cancelled once again and most of the European shows were rescheduled for 2022.[221]
In October 2020, the band announced that they would release a live album from the Legacy of the Beast World Tour called Nights of the Dead, Legacy of the Beast: Live in Mexico City. Recorded in Mexico City in late September 2019, it was released on 20 November 2020.[222] Iron Maiden have also been working on new material for the follow-up to The Book of Souls.[223] In February 2021 Iron Maiden were nominated for Rock and Roll Hall of Fame class.[224] In April 2021 ex-members of the band (Paul Di’Anno, Blaze Bayley and famous illustrator Derek Riggs) were inducted into Metal Hall of Fame.[225]
Изображение и наследие
Iron Maiden and particular musicians of the band've received multiple nominations, honours and awards including Grammy Awards[226] and equivalents awards in many countries,[227][228] Brit Awards,[229] Silver Clef Award,[230] Nordoff-Robbins Award,[231] Ivor Novello Awards,[232] Juno Awards,[233] Public Choice International,[234] Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards, ECHO Awards,[235][236] Honorary Doctorates and sales recognition awards among many others. Musicians have also received ten awards from fifteen nominations at the Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards.[237] The band was ranked No. 24 in VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock",[238] No. 4 in MTV's "Top 10 Greatest Heavy Metal Bands of All Time"[239] and No. 3 in VH1 Classic's "Top 20 Metal Bands".[240] Iron Maiden were inducted into Hollywood RockWalk and Kerrang! Hall of Fame in 2005.[13][241] In April 2021 the ex-members of the band (Paul Di’Anno, Blaze Bayley and famous illustrator Derek Riggs) were inducted into Metal Hall of Fame.[242] Band’s movie Flight 666 was a part of prestigious British Music Experience exposition held in London, 2011[243] and Eddie the Head iconic mascot – monster was presented for the very first time at British Music Experience's doorway in Liverpool in 2017 and became a part of permanent exhibition.[244][245][246] Iron Maiden are also a part of permanent exhibition of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[14]
Iron Maiden frequently use the slogan "Up the Irons" in their disc liner notes, and the phrase can also be seen on several T-shirts officially licensed by the band. It is a paraphrase of "Up the Hammers", the phrase which refers to the London football club, West Ham United, of which founder Steve Harris is a fan.[247]
Iron Maiden's mascot, Eddie, is a perennial fixture in the band's science fiction and horror-influenced album cover art, as well as in live shows.[248] Originally a papier-mâché mask incorporated in their backdrop which would squirt fake blood during their live shows,[249] the name would be transferred to the character featured in the band's debut album cover, created by Derek Riggs.[250] Eddie was painted exclusively by Riggs until 1992, at which point the band began using artwork from numerous other artists as well, including Melvyn Grant.[101] Eddie is also featured in the band's first-person shooter video game, Ed Hunter,[251] as well as their mobile role-playing game, Iron Maiden: Legacy of the Beast,[212] in addition to numerous T-shirts, posters and other band-related merchandise.[248] In 2008, he was awarded the "Icon Award" at the Metal Hammer Golden Gods,[252] while Gibson.com describes him as "the most recognisable metal icon in the world and one of the most versatile too".[253]
Over the course of several decades, the band's cover illustrations and iconography have appeared in various TV productions, music videos by artists representing popular music in the broad sense, and in press publications. The distinctive cover illustrations, especially the group's mascot and logo, have become part of celebrity clothing (especially t-shirts) worn privately, as well as at prestigious industry events, including fashion shows. Among hundreds of others can be found: Lady Gaga, Paris Hilton, Rihanna, Madonna, Rowan Atkinson, Taylor Swift, Taylor Hill, Selena Gomez, David Beckham, David Hasselhoff, Diego Maradona, Kelly Rowland, Taryn Manning, Olivia Munn, Travis Scott, Cameron Diaz, Dolph Ziggler, Justin Bieber, Hilary Duff, Kirsten Dunst, Nicole Kidman, Drew Barrymore, Charlize Theron, Lindsay Lohan, Miley Cyrus, Holly Madison, David Banks, Jaden Smith, Michael Fassbender, Sam Worthington, Taylor Momsen, Kat Von D, Keith Urban, Amy Poehler, Paul Gascoigne, Marc Overmars, Faustino Asprilla, Juicy J, Kourtney Kardashian, DJ Mustard, Odell Beckham Jr, Ann Sydney, Kylie Jenner, Pilar Rubio, Slaven Bilic, Pablo Zabaleta, Anushka Sharma, Terry Butcher, Ian Wright, Patrick Vieira, Paul Mariner, Stuart Pearce, Iggy Azalea, Bjorn Einar Romoren.[254][255][256]
Iron Maiden's distinct logo has adorned all of the band's releases since their debut, 1979's The Soundhouse Tapes EP. The typeface originates with Vic Fair's poster design for the 1976 science fiction film, The Man Who Fell to Earth,[257] also used by Gordon Giltrap, although Steve Harris claims that he designed it himself, using his abilities as an architectural draughtsman.[258] The song "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life" (from Monty Python's Life of Brian) is a staple at their concerts, where the recording is played after the final encore.[259]
In May 2019, the band filed a $2 million lawsuit against video game company 3D Realms for infringing on their trademark via the planned release of a game called Ion Maiden, which the band claims “is nearly identical to the Iron Maiden trademark in appearance, sound and overall commercial impression.” The suit further accuses 3D Realms of causing “confusion among consumers” by depicting a skull icon similar to the band's Eddie mascot and that Ion Maiden is similar to the band's own Legacy of the Beast video game.[260]
Influence on other artists and the genre
Kiss co-founder Paul Stanley noticed Iron Maiden "have helped spawn an entire genre of music" and influenced literally thousands of other artists.[261] According to Guitar World, Iron Maiden's music has "influenced generations of newer metal acts, from legends like Metallica to current stars like Avenged Sevenfold,"[262] with Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich commenting that he has "always had an incredible amount of respect and admiration for them."[263] Ulrich multiple times cited Iron Maiden as probably the biggest influence on Metallica's career and the all further achievements.[264] Kerry King of Slayer stated that "they meant so much to [him] in their early days" and Scott Ian of Anthrax said that "they had a major impact on [his] life."[265] Dave Mustaine and David Ellefson of Megadeth multiple times cited Iron Maiden as one of their biggest inspiration on many different levels.[266] Testament musicians stated Iron Maiden were one of their blueprint bands and have covered their songs many times.[267] Gary Holt of Exodus has also acknowledged Iron Maiden as one of the band's influences, and cited both them and Judas Priest as "basically the calibre of the stuff [he] listened to" in Exodus' early years.[268] Kurt Cobain, late founder, composer, vocalist and guitarist of Nirvana, was a big fan of Iron Maiden.[269]
M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold stated that Iron Maiden "are by far the best live band in the world and their music is timeless", while Trivium singer Matt Heafy comments that "without Iron Maiden, Trivium surely wouldn't exist".[263] Slipknot and Stone Sour frontman Corey Taylor said that "Steve Harris does more with four fingers than I've ever seen anybody do. And Bruce Dickinson? Dude! To me, he was the quintessential old-school heavy metal singer. He could hit notes that were just sick, and he was a great showman. Everything made me a fan. And there wasn't a dude that I hung out with that wasn't trying to draw Eddie on their schoolbooks",[239] while their music also helped Jesper Strömblad of In Flames to pioneer the melodic death metal genre, stating that he had wanted to combine death metal with Iron Maiden's melodic guitar sounds. [270] Viking metallers of Swedish band Amon Amarth stated Iron Maiden is one of their biggest influence also participated in Iron Maiden's Legacy of the Beast RPG game project.[214] Chris Impellitteri stated Iron Maiden have influenced "virtually every heavy metal band in existence with their music, brand, and of course talent!"[271]
Anthrax drummer Charlie Benante stated Iron Maiden "made every band that were influenced by them aspire to be like them. When I was learning to play guitar, this was one of the tunes I practiced. I developed as a guitar player and my coordination got better and better. Maiden had something different, they brought out that Primal roar from us. This was a New style of Hard Rock and Metal, they had a Punk Drive to them with Boston styled Guitar licks, they changed the game. I often said, no Maiden, no Big 4."[272]
Famous pop singer Lady Gaga stated she admires what Iron Maiden have achieved in their career and aims to follow in their path. "The devotion of the fans moving in unison, pumping their fists, watching the show, when I see that, I see the paradigm for my future and the relationship I want to have with my fans. Iron Maiden‘s never had a hit song, and they tour stadiums around the world, and their fans live, breathe and die for Maiden, and that is my dream. That is my dream."[273] Joakim Broden, songwriter who is the lead vocalist, keyboardist, and occasional third guitarist of the Swedish heavy metal band Sabaton, stated Iron Maiden’s The Number of the Beast "is an album that definies an entire music genre". Band’s formula secret is about "taking the energy of punk and put it into heavy metal without losing any of what made metal great".[274]
Other artists who cite the band as an influence include Chris Jericho, a professional wrestler and lead singer of Fozzy,[275] multi-instrumentalist Twiggy Ramirez (Marilyn Manson, A Perfect Circle, Nine Inch Nails),[276] guitarist Dave Navarro (Jane’s Addiction, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Guns N' Roses, Nine Inch Nails, Alanis Morissette),[277] Serj Tankian, frontman of System of a Down,[278] Zoltan Bathory, the guitarist of Five Finger Death Punch,[279] musicians of an American heavy metal band Lamb of God,[280] David Vincent and Steve Tucker of Morbid Angel,[281] musicians of American progressive metal band Mastodon,[282] Tom Morello, the lead guitarist of RATM and Audioslave,[283] Cam Pipes, lead vocalist of 3 Inches of Blood,[284] Joey Vera bassist of Armored Saint,[285] Vitaly Dubinin, bassist of Aria,[286] Michel Langevin, founding member and drummer of Voivod,[287] Mille Petrozza, vocalist and lead guitarist of Kreator,[288] Marcel Schirmer of German thrash metal band Destruction,[289] Chuck Schuldiner, late frontman, founder and guitarist of Death,[290] Paul Allender, guitarist of British extreme metallers Cradle of Filth,[291] Adam Nergal Darski, co-founder, frontman, composer and the lead guitarist of Polish blackened death metal band Behemoth,[292] David Draiman, the vocalist of American band Disturbed,[293] Ihsahn, composer, vocalist and lead guitarist of Emperor,[294] musicians of German power metal band Helloween,[295] American metal band Machine Head,[296] Canadian rock band Sum 41,[297] American heavy metal bands Sanctuary and Nevermore,[298] Jon Schaffer, the rhythm guitarist and principal songwriter of the Florida-based heavy metal band Iced Earth,[299] Mikael Åkerfeldt, guitarist and lead vocalist of Opeth,[300] and X Japan drummer Yoshiki and former guitarist hide.[301][302] Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine,[303] musicians of Sentenced,[304] Ville Valo, the frontman of HIM,[305] also musicians of Amorphis[306] and Therion.[307] Both current and former Dream Theater members John Petrucci, John Myung, and Mike Portnoy have stated that Iron Maiden were one of their biggest influences.[308] Iron Maiden musical style has influenced many Scandinavian extreme metal bands including Nifelheim,[309] Watain,[310] Dissection,[311] Dimmu Borgir,[312] Varg Vikernes of Burzum,[313] Fenriz of Darkthrone[314] just to name a few. Polish heavy metal pioneers Turbo many times have mentioned about Iron Maiden being one of their biggest influences to date. The band’s second album Smak ciszy (1985) was officially dedicated to Iron Maiden. A few decades later Turbo musicians supported live former Maiden’s frontman Paul Di'Anno.[315]
According Rock 'n Roll Fantasy Camp the style and attitude of Iron Maiden drummer Nicko McBrain has inspired generations of heavy-metal drummers that followed.[316] As stated the former editor of the German magazine Rock Hard, Götz Kühnemund, Iron Maiden were (and still are) the inspiration for all the heavy metal bands we know today because they're an intrinsically heavy metal group. It is equally important for those who play power metal, speed, thrash, death, black, hard rock - almost every genre. Iron Maiden took hard rock from the '70s, took it into the' 80s, and created a new genre that didn't exist before. This band introduced a DIY approach to all rock music. They even more than all the others popularized guitar harmonies in metal. Many metal bands in existence today have two guitarists, who use double guitar harmonies, and that's where they are inspired by Iron Maiden.[317]
According to music journalist and the writer Neil Daniels Iron Maiden "redefined the whole genre blending classic heavy rock influence with punky vibe, twin guitars attack and progressive approach which finally have created the new quality. Band’s influence on generations of rock and metal bands cannot be overstated."[318] From the artist's profile published by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame it appears that "in the 1980s, Iron Maiden released seven high-octane albums that cemented them as one of the greatest rock bands - creating a blueprint for how heavy metal bands should look, sound and tour." [319]
Former guitarist and co-founder of Judas Priest band, K. K. Downing, confessed Iron Maiden's "music does not quite suit my taste, I cannot deny that it has had a great influence on heavy metal and music in general. As a Brit, I am terribly proud of what they have managed over the years to fill the niche they have created. Besides, I have always admired them for being able to achieve such a great commercial success for their marketing activities".[320]
Appearance in media
The band's name has been mentioned prominently in several songs, such as the singles "Teenage Dirtbag" by Wheatus,[321] "Back to the 80's" by Danish dance-pop band Aqua.[322] and "Fat Lip" by Sum 41.[323] Iron Maiden have also been referenced in Weezer's "Heart Songs" (from their 2008 self-titled "Red" album),[324] Blues Traveler's "Psycho Joe" (from 1997's Straight on till Morning),[325] and NOFX's "Eddie, Bruce and Paul" (from their 2009 album Coaster), which Sputnikmusic describes as "a humorous retelling of Paul DiAnno's departure".[326]
In 2008, Kerrang! released Maiden Heaven: A Tribute to Iron Maiden, an album composed of Iron Maiden cover songs performed by Metallica, Machine Head, Dream Theater, Trivium, Coheed and Cambria, Avenged Sevenfold, and other groups influenced by the band.[263] In 2010, Maiden uniteD, an acoustic tribute band consisting of members of Ayreon, Threshold and Within Temptation, released Mind the Acoustic Pieces, a re-interpretation of the entire Piece of Mind album.[327] Many other Iron Maiden cover albums exist (each featuring various artists), including piano,[328] electro,[329] string quartet[330] and hip-hop tributes.[331]
Iron Maiden songs have been featured in the soundtracks of several video games, including Carmageddon 2,[332] Grand Theft Auto: Vice City,[333] Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City,[334] Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned,[335] Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4,[336] SSX on Tour[337] and Madden NFL 10.[338] Their music also appears in the Guitar Hero and Rock Band series of rhythmic video games.[339] Iron Maiden songs have also appeared in films, such as Phenomena (entitled Creepers in the US),[340] and Murder by Numbers;[341] while MTV's animated duo Beavis and Butt-Head have commented favourably on the band several times.[342]
Transformers author Bill Forster is an avowed Iron Maiden fan and made several Iron Maiden references, including song lyrics and the phrase "Up the Irons" in his books, including The Ark series and The AllSpark Almanac series.[343] Iron Maiden music, lyrics, themes, fans and iconography have appeared in many episodes and movies including quasi-documentary comedies as Schemers,[344] The Night of the Beast[345] also in documentary movies such as Global Metal[346] or band's own Flight 666 among many others.[347]
Bruce Dickinson is the most active in media member of the band. Iron Maiden frontman presented Bruce Dickinson's Friday Rock Show on BBC radio station 6 Music from 2002 to 2010.[348] In addition to his show on 6 Music, Dickinson also hosted a series entitled Masters of Rock on BBC Radio 2 from 2003 to 2007.[349] His singing and episode acting were presented in The Club Paradise,[350] Mr Bean’s Elected,[351] and A Nightmare on Elm Street: The Dream Child[352] Dickinson’s aviation passion and storytelling talent were reflected in Flying Heavy Metal (Discovery Series) among many other documents.[353]
Claims of Satanic references
In 1982, the band released one of their most popular, controversial and acclaimed albums, The Number of the Beast. The artwork and title track led to Christian groups in the United States branding the band as Satanists, encouraging people to destroy copies of the release.[67] The band's manager, Rod Smallwood, later commented that Christians initially burnt the records, but later decided to destroy them with hammers through fear of breathing in the melting vinyl's fumes.[354] The protests were not restricted to the US, with Christian organisations preventing Iron Maiden from performing in Chile in 1992.[355]
Contrary to the accusations, the band have always denied the notion that they are Satanists, with lead vocalist, Bruce Dickinson, doing so on-stage in the Live After Death concert video.[79] Steve Harris has since commented that, "It was mad. They completely got the wrong end of the stick. They obviously hadn't read the lyrics. They just wanted to believe all that rubbish about us being Satanists."[64] Harris has also stated that "The Number of the Beast" song was inspired by a nightmare he had after watching Damien: Omen II,[356] and also influenced by Robert Burns' "Tam o' Shanter".[68] Furthermore, the band's drummer, Nicko McBrain, has been a born-again Christian since 1999.[357]
Ed Force One
For their Somewhere Back in Time World Tour in 2008 and 2009, Iron Maiden commissioned an Astraeus Airlines Boeing 757 as transport.[358] The aeroplane was converted into a combi configuration, which enabled it to carry the band, their crew and stage production, thereby allowing the group to perform in countries which were previously deemed unreachable logistically.[160] It was also repainted with a special Iron Maiden livery,[160] which the airline decided to retain after receiving positive feedback from customers.[359]
The aircraft, named "Ed Force One" after a competition on the band's website,[161] was flown by Dickinson, as he was also a commercial airline pilot for Astraeus, and plays a major role in the award-winning documentary,[360] Iron Maiden: Flight 666, which was released in cinemas in 42 countries in April 2009.[173] A different aeroplane (registered G-STRX)[361] was used for The Final Frontier World Tour in 2011 with altered livery, adopting the artwork of The Final Frontier album,[362] and features heavily in the 2012 documentary "Behind the Beast". For The Book of Souls World Tour in 2016, the band upgraded to an ex-Air France Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet, supplied by Air Atlanta Icelandic (registered TF-AAK)[363] and customised by Volga-Dnepr Gulf,[364] which allows for more space without the aircraft having to undergo a significant conversion to carry their equipment.[209]
Музыкальный стиль и влияния
Steve Harris, Iron Maiden's bassist and primary songwriter,[365] has stated that his influences include Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, Uriah Heep, Pink Floyd, Genesis, Yes, Jethro Tull, Thin Lizzy, UFO, Queen and Wishbone Ash.[366] In 2010 Harris stated, "I think if anyone wants to understand Maiden's early thing, in particular the harmony guitars, all they have to do is listen to Wishbone Ash's Argus album. Thin Lizzy too, but not as much. And then we wanted to have a bit of a prog thing thrown in as well, because I was really into bands like Genesis and Jethro Tull. So you combine all that with the heavy riffs and the speed, and you've got it."[262] In 2004, Harris explained that the band's "heaviness" was inspired by "Black Sabbath and Deep Purple with a bit of Zeppelin thrown in."[367] On top of this, Harris developed his own playing style, which guitarist Janick Gers describes as "more like a rhythm guitar,"[368] cited as responsible for the band's galloping style,[369] heard in such songs as "The Trooper"[370] and "Run to the Hills."[371]
The band's guitarists, Dave Murray, Adrian Smith, and Janick Gers, each have their own individual influences and playing style. Dave Murray is known for his legato technique which, he claims, "evolved naturally. I'd heard Jimi Hendrix using legato when I was growing up, and I liked that style of playing."[372] Stating that he "was inspired by blues rock rather than metal," Adrian Smith was influenced by Johnny Winter and Pat Travers, leading to him becoming a "melodic player."[373] Janick Gers, on the other hand, prefers a more improvised style, largely inspired by Ritchie Blackmore,[374] which he claims is in contrast to Smith's "rhythmic" sound.[375]
Singer Bruce Dickinson, who typically works in collaboration with guitarist Adrian Smith,[376] has an operatic vocal style, inspired by Arthur Brown, Peter Hammill, Ian Anderson and Ian Gillan,[377] and is often considered to be one of the best heavy metal vocalists of all time.[378] Although Nicko McBrain has only received one writing credit, on the Dance of Death album,[379] Harris often relies on him while developing songs. Adrian Smith commented, "Steve loves playing with him. [They] used to work for hours going over these bass and drum patterns."[380]
Throughout their career, the band's style has remained largely unchanged, in spite of the addition of guitar synthesisers on 1986's Somewhere in Time,[99] keyboards on 1988's Seventh Son of a Seventh Son,[87] and an attempt to return to the "stripped down" production of their earlier material on 1990's No Prayer for the Dying.[98] In recent years, however, the band have begun using more progressive elements in their songs,[381] which Steve Harris describes as not progressive "in the modern sense, but like Dream Theater, more in a 70s way".[382] According to Harris, Seventh Son of a Seventh Son was the band's first album which was "more progressive",[383] while they would only return to this style from 1995's The X Factor, which he states is "like an extension of Seventh Son..., in the sense of the progressive element to it".[111] The development contrasts with the band's raw-sounding earlier material,[262] which AllMusic states was "clearly drawing from elements of punk rock",[384] although Harris firmly denies this.[385]
Участники группы
Current members
Touring musicians
| Former members
|
Дискография
- Iron Maiden (1980)
- Killers (1981)
- The Number of the Beast (1982)
- Piece of Mind (1983)
- Powerslave (1984)
- Somewhere in Time (1986)
- Seventh Son of a Seventh Son (1988)
- No Prayer for the Dying (1990)
- Fear of the Dark (1992)
- The X Factor (1995)
- Virtual XI (1998)
- Brave New World (2000)
- Dance of Death (2003)
- A Matter of Life and Death (2006)
- The Final Frontier (2010)
- The Book of Souls (2015)
Концертные туры
Concert tour | Duration | Lineups | Dates | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vocals | Bass | Guitars | Drums | |||||
Metal for Muthas Tour | Feb 1980 | P. Di'Anno | S. Harris | D. Murray | D. Stratton | N/A | C. Burr | 11 |
Iron Maiden Tour | Apr – Dec 1980 | 101 | ||||||
Killer World Tour | Feb – Dec 1981 | A. Smith | 118 | |||||
The Beast on the Road | Feb – Dec 1982 | B. Dickinson | 184 | |||||
World Piece Tour | May – Dec 1983 | N. McBrain | 139 | |||||
World Slavery Tour | Aug 1984 – Jul 1985 | 187 | ||||||
Somewhere on Tour | Sep 1986 – May 1987 | 151 | ||||||
Seventh Tour of a Seventh Tour | Apr – Dec 1988 | 98 | ||||||
No Prayer on the Road | Sep 1990 – Sep 1991 | N/A | J. Gers | 106 | ||||
Fear of the Dark Tour | Jun – Nov 1992 | 65 | ||||||
Real Live Tour | Mar – Aug 1993 | 45 | ||||||
The X Factour | Sep 1995 – Sep 1996 | B. Bayley | 128 | |||||
Virtual XI World Tour | Apr – Dec 1998 | 81 | ||||||
The Ed Hunter Tour | Jul – Oct 1999 | B. Dickinson | A. Smith | 28 | ||||
Brave New World Tour | Jun 2000 – Jan 2001 | 81 | ||||||
Give Me Ed... 'Til I'm Dead Tour | May – Aug 2003 | 55 | ||||||
Dance of Death World Tour | Oct 2003 – Feb 2004 | 52 | ||||||
Eddie Rips Up the World Tour | May – Sep 2005 | 42 | ||||||
A Matter of Life and Death Tour | Oct 2006 – Jun 2007 | 57 | ||||||
Somewhere Back in Time World Tour | Feb 2008 – Apr 2009 | 90 | ||||||
The Final Frontier World Tour | Jun 2010 – Aug 2011 | 98 | ||||||
Maiden England World Tour | Jun 2012 – Jul 2014 | 100 | ||||||
The Book of Souls World Tour | Feb 2016 – Jul 2017 | 117 | ||||||
Legacy of the Beast World Tour | May 2018 – Jul 2022 | 103 |
Награды и номинации
Смотрите также
- List of artists who reached number one on the UK Singles Chart
- List of new wave of British heavy metal bands
- List of bands and artists from England
- List of songs recorded by Iron Maiden
- List of Iron Maiden tribute albums
- The Iron Maidens
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Библиография
- Bushell, Gary (1985). Iron Maiden: Running Free. Hal Leonard Corp. ISBN 978-0-946-39184-4.
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Внешние ссылки
- Official website