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Корпорация Олимп
Olympus Corporation logo.svg
Логотип с 2000 года
Родное имяオ リ ン パ ス 株式会社
Романизированное имяОринпасу Кабушики-кайша
ТипОбщественный ( KK )
Торгуется какTYO : 7733
ПромышленностьЭлектроника
Основан12 октября 1919 г . ; 101 год назад (as Takachiho Seisakusho) Синдзюку , Токио, Япония (1919-10-12)
ОсновательТакеши Ямасита [1]
Штаб-квартираСиндзюку, Токио, Япония
Обслуживаемая площадьпо всему миру
Ключевые людиЯсуо Такеучи (президент и генеральный директор)
ПродуктыПрецизионное оборудование и инструменты, фотоаппараты, диктофоны , эндоскопы и другие медицинские устройства , крем для лица и пластиковая посуда.
ДоходIncrease847 105 миллионов иен (г / г март 2011 г.) [2]
Владельцы
Количество работников39 727 (31 марта 2011 г.) [2]
Веб-сайтwww .olympus-global .com

Olympus Corporation (オ リ ン パ ス 株式会社, Orinpasu Kabushiki-gaisha ) - японский производитель оптики и продукции для репрографии . Компания Olympus была основана 12 октября 1919 года и изначально специализировалась на микроскопах и термометрах . [4] Olympus занимает примерно 70 процентов мирового рынка эндоскопов , оцениваемого примерно в 2,5 миллиарда долларов США. Его глобальная штаб-квартира находится в Синдзюку , Токио, Япония.

В 2011 году компания Olympus привлекла внимание мировых СМИ, когда она уволила своего генерального директора, и дело переросло в расследование корпоративной коррупции [5] с множественными арестами. [6] В 2016 году компания выплатила 646 миллионов долларов штрафов за откат. [7]

Продукты [ править ]

Камеры и аудио [ править ]

В 1936 году Olympus представила свою первую камеру, Semi-Olympus I, оснащенную первым объективом марки Zuiko . [8] Olympus Хром Шесть была серия складных камер , сделанные Takachiho, а затем Olympus, с 1948 по 1956 год , в течение 6 × 4,5 см или 6 × 6 см экспозиции на пленке 120. [ необходима цитата ]

Первая инновационная серия камера от Olympus была ручка , запущенный в 1959 году использовал формат половину кадра , с 72 18 × 24 мм фотографии на стандартном 36-экспозиции 35мм пленки кассеты , [9] , который сделал Pen камеры компактный и портативный для своего времени. [ необходима цитата ]

Olympus Pen FT и объектив 38mm f1.8 Zuiko
Объективы Olympus OM Zuiko

Группа разработчиков системы Pen во главе с Ёсихисой Майтани позже создала систему OM , полнокадровую профессиональную 35-мм зеркальную камеру, предназначенную для конкуренции с бестселлерами Nikon и Canon . Система OM представила новую тенденцию к более компактным камерам и объективам, будучи намного меньше, чем ее конкуренты, и представила инновационные конструктивные особенности, такие как измерение вне пленки (OTF) и автоматизация вспышки OTF. В итоге система включала 14 различных корпусов, примерно 60 объективов марки Zuiko и многочисленные аксессуары для фотоаппаратов. [ необходима цитата ]

Камера Olympus Quick Flash

В 1983 году , Olympus, наряду с Canon, заклеймили диапазон записи видео оборудования производства компании JVC , [ править ] и назвал его «Olympus Video Фото», даже используя известный фотограф Terance Донован продвигать диапазон. [ необходима цитата ] Вторая версия системы была доступна через год, но это был последний набег Olympus на мир потребительского видеооборудования, пока не стали популярными цифровые камеры. [ необходима цитата ]

Цуёси Кикукава, который позже стал президентом Olympus, предвидел спрос на цифровые SLR, и ему приписывают стратегию компании в области цифровой фотографии. Он боролся за обязательство Olympus выйти на рынок фотографической продукции с высоким разрешением. В результате его усилий Olympus выпустила цифровую камеру с разрешением 810 000 пикселей для массового рынка в 1996 году, когда разрешение предложений конкурентов было меньше половины. [10] В следующем году Olympus выйдет на рынок с камерой с разрешением 1,41 миллиона пикселей. К 2001 году годовой оборот компании от цифровой фотографии превысил 100 миллиардов йен. [10] Olympus производит компактные цифровые камеры и является разработчиком стандарта системы Four Thirds дляцифровые однообъективные зеркальные фотоаппараты . Флагманская цифровая зеркальная камера Olympus с системой Four-Thirds - E-5 , выпущенная в 2010 году. Olympus также является крупнейшим производителем объективов Four-Thirds под брендом Zuiko Digital. После введения системы Micro Four Thirds и общего роста рынка беззеркальных камер со сменными объективами обычной системой Four Thirds стали пренебрегать. Затем, в 2017 году, после трех лет без нового объектива и семи лет без нового корпуса, Olympus официально прекратил выпуск системы Four Thirds [11]

Olympus OM-D E-M1 с объективом Olympus M.Zuiko Pro 12-40mm f2.8

Olympus и Panasonic вместе начали новую разработку, получившую название системы Micro Four Thirds . Это была система сменных объективов с размером сенсора 4/3 и без зеркал ( беззеркальная камера со сменными объективами ). Отсутствие зеркал позволило корпусу камеры быть намного меньше, чем у зеркальной камеры , при сохранении качества изображения и взаимозаменяемости объективов. Первым продуктом в системе Micro Four Thirds стала Panasonic Lumix DMC-G1 , выпущенная в 2008 году. Первой MFT- камерой марки Olympus была Olympus PEN E-P1.. Поскольку это было очень дорого, они сделали более дешевый вариант под названием Olympus PEN Lite E-PL1 . Рост рынка камер MILC заставил Olympus представить новую серию в своей линейке, которая представляла собой современную цифровую реализацию легендарной серии OM , OM-D . Он сохранил систему Micro Four Thirds , но добавил встроенный электронный видоискатель , более эргономичное расположение кнопок, упакованное в корпус в стиле ретро. Первой моделью в этом семействе была E-M5 , выпущенная в 2012 году. С тех пор Olympus разработала две линейки ( PEN и OM-D ) иMicro Four Thirds system, still alongside Panasonic. The latest Olympus camera is the Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark IV as of August 20, 2020.

Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 60mm f/2.8 Macro Lens

At one time, Olympus cameras used only the proprietary xD-Picture Card for storage media. This storage solution is less popular than more common formats, and recent cameras can use SD and CompactFlash cards. The most recent development is Olympus' focus on the Micro Four Thirds system.[citation needed]

Olympus first introduced the Microcassette. The Olympus Pearlcorder L400, released in the 1980s, was the smallest and lightest microcassette voice recorder ever offered for sale, 2.9 (L) × 0.8 (H) × 2.0 in. (W) / 73 (L) × 20 (H) × 52 (W) 3.2 oz (91 g).[12]

In 2012, the company announced that Sony and Fujifilm had offered forming a capital alliance and the company would focus on Mirrorless interchangeable-lens cameras (MILC).[13]

In 2020, Olympus announced that the camera department would be sold to Japan Industrial Partners at the end of the year.[14][15][16]

Medical and surgical[edit]

Olympus manufactures endoscopic, ultrasound, electrocautery, endotherapy, and cleaning and disinfection equipment. The first flexible Endoscope in the world was co-developed and manufactured by Olympus in Tokyo.[17] Through its comprehensive product range and its reactivity to market innovations, Olympus enjoys a virtual stranglehold of the world market in gastro-intestinal endoscopes. It has roughly 70% share of the global market whose estimated valued at US$2.5 billion.[18] On 28 September 2012, Olympus and Sony announced that the two companies will establish a joint venture to develop new surgical endoscopes with 4K resolution (or higher) and 3D capability.[19]

Scientific[edit]

Since the beginning, the company has been a manufacturer of microscopes and optics for specialised needs, such as medical use. The first microscope manufactured at Olympus was called the Asahi.[20] Currently, Olympus is a worldwide renowned manufacturer of microscopes. Olympus offers a complete range of microscopes, which covers applications from education and routine studies up to state of the art research imaging systems, both in life science and materials science.[citation needed]

Olympus Scientific Solutions Americas Corporation is a Waltham, Massachusetts-based manufacturer, and is a subsidiary of Olympus Corporation. One of its companies, for example, is Olympus Imaging and Measuring Systems, specializing in imaging instruments for testing and measurement during industrial inspections.[citation needed]

Industrial[edit]

Olympus manufactures and sells industrial scanners, flaw detectors, probes and transducers, thickness gages, digital cameras, image analysis software, industrial videoscopes, fiberscopes, light sources, XRF and XRD analyzers, and high-speed video cameras.[citation needed]

[edit]

  • 1919: The company was founded as Takachiho Seisakusho. In Japanese mythology, deities live on Takamagahara, the peak of Mt. Takachiho. The first corporate logo was TOKIWA, derived from Tokiwa Shokai, the company that the founder, Takeshi Yamashita, had worked for. Tokiwa Shokai held an equity stake in Takachiho Seisakusho and was responsible for marketing Takachiho products. The logo reads "TOKIWA TOKYO". The "G" and "M" marks above are believed to be the initials of Goro Matsukata, the president of Tokiwa Shokai.
  • 1921: The Olympus brand was introduced in February 1921. This logo was used for microscopes and other products. Brochures and newspaper ads for cameras also used this logo. The OLYMPUS TOKYO logo is still in use today. There was a period in which OIC was used instead of TOKYO in the logo. OIC stood for Optical Industrial Company, which was a translation of Olympus' Japanese corporate name at that time. This logo was used for the GT-I and GT-II endoscopes, among others.
  • 1942: The company was renamed to Takachiho Optical Co., Ltd., when optical products became the mainstay of the company.
  • 1949: The name changed to Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. It was named after Mount Olympus, which like Mt. Takachiho is the home of gods, this time of Greek mythology. In the words of the company, they chose the name to "reflect its strong aspiration to create high-quality, world-famous products".
  • 1970: The new logo was designed to give impressions of quality and sophistication.
  • 2001: The yellow line underneath the new logo is called the "Opto-Digital Pattern" and it represents light and boundless possibilities of digital technology. It symbolizes dynamic and innovative nature of Opto-Digital Technology and Olympus Corporation. This logo is called the Communication Symbol of Olympus and it represents Olympus' brand image.
  • 2003: Renamed to Olympus Corporation.

Corporate affairs[edit]

Ownership[edit]

Shareholding in Olympus is dispersed, and the company's key institutional investors are largely passive.[21] As of 31 March 2011, investors included Nippon Life Insurance (8.4%), Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi (4.98%), and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking (3.13%), and the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (2.55%). Foreign institutions and individuals spoke for 27.71% of Olympus shares.[21][22] On 28 September 2012, Olympus and Sony announced that Olympus would receive a 50 billion yen capital injection from Sony. On 22 February 2013, Sony became the largest shareholder (11.46%) of Olympus, later cutting that stake in half during one of its own restructurings, only to sell its entire remaining stake in Olympus, totaling 5% of the company, after a request by activist investor Daniel S. Loeb to do so, in 2019.[23]

Governance[edit]

According to its 2011 Annual Report, Olympus was governed by a 15-person board of directors, with Tsuyoshi Kikukawa its President and CEO, and Michael C. Woodford as President and chief operating officer. Mr Kikukawa resigned in the following year and was arrested by Tokyo police for alleged criminal offenses during and before his term as president and CEO. The corporation in 2011 had three "outside directors".[24] It had a four-member 'Board of Auditors' which supervises and audits directors' performance. The company's executive committee consisted of 28 members, responsible for the day-to-day operations.[25]

2011 accounting scandal[edit]

Main article: Olympus scandal

Overview[edit]

In 2011, the company attracted worldwide media scrutiny when it fired its newly appointed British chief executive (CEO) Michael Woodford, a 30-year Olympus veteran, for probing into financial irregularities and unexplained payments totaling hundreds of millions of US dollars. Although the board initially dismissed Woodford's concerns via mass media as "disruptive" and Woodford himself as failing to grasp the local culture, the matter quickly snowballed into a corporate corruption[5] scandal concerning alleged concealment of more than ¥117.7 billion ($1.5 billion) in investment losses, kickbacks, and covert payments to criminal organizations dating back as far as the 1980s.[26][27][28][29] One of the longest-lasting accounting scandals in Japanese corporate history,[30] the incident wiped out over three-quarters of the company's valuation[31] and led much of the board to resign in disgrace. Investigations were launched across Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, culminating in the arrests of numerous corporate directors, senior managers, auditors, and bankers[6] and raising significant concerns over prevailing standards of corporate governance and transparency,[32] as well as the state of Japanese financial markets. Woodford himself, who stated he had received death threats for his role in exposing the cover-up,[29] was reportedly awarded £10 million ($16 million) in damages for defamation and wrongful dismissal.[31][33] In the wake of this turmoil, Olympus announced plans to shed 2,700 jobs (seven percent of its workforce)[34] and shutter 40 percent of its 30 manufacturing plants by 2015.[35]

Developments[edit]

On 1 April 2011, Michael Woodford, 51, was named president and chief operating officer – the first ever foreigner to hold the position – replacing Kikukawa, who became chairman. Woodford, an Olympus veteran of 30 years, was previously executive managing director of Olympus Medical Systems Europa. Olympus appointed Woodford its CEO six months later, but the board suddenly removed him as chief executive two weeks into the job, while allowing him to retain his board seat.[36]

Woodford alleged that his removal was linked to several prior acquisitions he questioned, particularly the US$2.2 billion deal in 2008 to acquire British medical equipment maker Gyrus Group. Thomson Reuters reported that US$687 million was paid to a middle-man as a success fee – a sum equal to 31% of the purchase price, and which ranks as the highest ever M&A fee.[36] According to the Daily Telegraph, some of the sums paid out relating to the acquisition of a technology company ITX were also under examination.[28] Woodford noted that an article in Japanese financial magazine Facta in July prompted his suspicion of the transactions.[21] Reports also said the company acquired three other Japanese companies outside its core business, and recognised that the assets were worth US$721 million less than their acquisition value 12 months previously.[37]

Shareholders expressed concern after Olympus' share price nearly halved in value following the Woodford revelations, and asked for "prompt action".[26][36] Following his dismissal, Woodford passed on information to the British Serious Fraud Office, and requested police protection. He said the payments may have been linked to "forces behind" the Olympus board.[26] Japanese newspaper Sankei suggested that a total of US$1.5 billion in acquisition-related advisory payments could be linked to the Yakuza.[28]

The company responded on 19 October that "major differences had arisen between Mr. Woodford and other management regarding the direction and conduct of the company’s business". On the Gyrus acquisition, it also declared the Audit Board's view that "no dishonesty or illegality is found in the transaction itself, nor any breach of obligation to good management or any systematic errors by the directors recognised."[36] On 26 October, the company announced that to assuage shareholders' concerns, Kikukawa resigned as chairman; he was replaced by Shuichi Takayama. Olympus shares rebounded 23 percent.[37][38]

On 8 November 2011, the company admitted that the money had been used to cover losses on investments dating to the 1990s[27] and that company's accounting practice was "not appropriate", thus coming clean on "one of the biggest and longest-running loss-hiding arrangements in Japanese corporate history", according to the Wall Street Journal. The company laid the blame for the inappropriate accounting on ex-president Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, auditor Hideo Yamada, and executive VP Hisashi Mori.[30]

On 21 December 2011, Japanese authorities, including the Tokyo prosecutor's office, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police and the Japanese Securities and Exchange Surveillance Commission, raided the company's offices in Tokyo.[39]

In February 2012, seven Olympus executives were arrested by Japanese police and prosecutors. Former president Tsuyoshi Kikukawa, former executive vice president Hisashi Mori, and former auditor Hideo Yamada were taken into custody on suspicion of violating the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law, along with former bankers Akio Nakagawa and Nobumasa Yokoo and two others, suspected of having helped the board hide significant losses.[6]

On 25 September 2012, the company and Kikukawa, Yamada, and Mori pleaded guilty to collusion to submit false financial reports.[40]

2016 bribery scandal[edit]

Between 2006 and 2011, Olympus sold over $7 billion of medical devices in the United States market. Almost $600 million of that amount was used for various kickbacks including grants, bribes, gifts, and other forms of bribes according to US Attorney Paul Fishman. On 1 March 2016, Olympus agreed to pay $646 million of fines to US authorities.[7]

See also[edit]

  • Four-Thirds System
  • Laboratory equipment
  • List of digital camera brands
  • List of Olympus products
  • List of photographic equipment makers
  • Micro Four-Thirds System
  • Variable Control Voice Actuator
  • xD-Picture Card and SmartMedia
  • Olympus Photo

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Olympus History: Origin of Our Name". Retrieved 16 January 2007.
  2. ^ a b Outline, Olympus, archived from the original on 28 October 2011, retrieved 16 November 2011
  3. ^ a b http://www.4-traders.com/OLYMPUS-CORP-6491236/company/
  4. ^ "Founding". History of Olympus. Olympus. Retrieved 16 January 2007.
  5. ^ a b "Former Olympus boss Michael Woodford gets settlement". BBC News.
  6. ^ a b c "Former executives, bankers arrested over Olympus fraud". Reuters. 15 February 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Whistleblower wins $51 million in kickback and bribery case". CNN. 2 March 2016.
  8. ^ "Semi-Olympus I". Olympus Global. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  9. ^ "Olympus Pen". Olympus Global. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  10. ^ a b "Dismissed CEO Turns Focus on Troubles at Olympus", Nikkei Business. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
  11. ^ "In memoriam: Olympus brings down the curtain on the legacy Four Thirds system". DPReview. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  12. ^ Thomas, Ralph D. (2006). "Ultra Compact Pearlcorder L400 Micro, 1980s". Thomas Investigative Publications, Inc. Retrieved 3 March 2007.
  13. ^ "Olympus plans to cut its camera line-up". Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  14. ^ "Signing of Memorandum of Understanding for Divestiture of Imaging Business" (PDF). Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  15. ^ "Olympus quits camera business after 84 years". BBC News. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  16. ^ Jun 2020, Matthew Humphries 24; P.m, 12:30 (24 June 2020). "After 84 Years, Olympus Is Exiting the Camera Business". PCMag UK. Retrieved 16 September 2020.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ "OLYMPUS | Olympus History: VOL. 2 Birth of Gastrocameras". Olympus-global.com. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  18. ^ "Japanese Doctors Flustered and Angry Following Olympus Scandal". 16 November 2011. Medtech Insider. Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011
  19. ^ "OLYMPUS – Investor Relations: Corporate Disclosure: 2014" (PDF).
  20. ^ "Olympus History: The Asahi Microscope". Olympus Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 December 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
  21. ^ a b c Bacani, Cesar (24 October 2011) "The Olympus Scandal: When a Foreign CEO Rebels" (pg 3). CFO Innovation Asia. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  22. ^ "Investor information (as of 31 March 2011". Olympus Corp. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  23. ^ https://www.marketscreener.com/SONY-CORP-6492482/news/Sony-in-760-million-Olympus-stake-sale-after-investor-Loeb-s-prodding-29128504/
  24. ^ "Board of Directors, Corporate Auditors and Executive Officers (as of 29 June 2011)". Olympus Corp. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  25. ^ "Corporate Governance". Olympus Corp. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  26. ^ a b c Russell, Jonathan (21 Oct 2011). "Olympus launches investigation into M&A fees". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  27. ^ a b Soble, Jonathan (29 September 2011). "Olympus used takeover fees to hide losses". Financial Times. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  28. ^ a b c Russell, Jonathan (23 Oct 2011). "Huge Olympus fees have 'underworld links'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  29. ^ a b "Michael Woodford: Unbowed despite the death threats". The Independent.
  30. ^ a b "Olympus President: Will Do Utmost To Avoid Delisting". The Wall Street Journal. 7 November 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  31. ^ a b "Former Olympus chief gets £10m payoff". The Guardian. 8 June 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  32. ^ Banyan (16 February 2012). "Arrested development". The Economist. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012.
  33. ^ "Out-of-court settlement for Ex-Olympus CEO Michael Woodford?". The Japan Daily Press.
  34. ^ "Olympus to Cut 2,700 Jobs, Consider Alliances to Boost Capital". 8 June 2012.
  35. ^ "Olympus whistleblower wins millions in settlement". 8 June 2012.
  36. ^ a b c d Bacani, Cesar (24 October 2011) "The Olympus Scandal: When a Foreign CEO Rebels" (pg 1). CFO Innovation Asia. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  37. ^ a b Yasu, Mariko (27 October 2011). "Olympus's Kikukawa Quits as Axed Woodford Takes Case to FBI", Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Retrieved 27 October 2011
  38. ^ Cheesman, Chris (26 October 2011). "Olympus chairman quit over 'widespread concerns'" Archived 30 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Amateur Photographer. Retrieved 27 October 2011
  39. ^ "Japanese authorities raid Olympus offices". CNN. 21 December 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  40. ^ Kyodo News, "Ex-Olympus execs plead guilty to hiding losses", Japan Times, 26 September 2012, p. 1

External links[edit]

  • Official Olympus Global website.