Taw

← Шин Taw Ṯāʾ →
Финикийский
иврит	ת
арамейский
Сирийский	ܬ
арабский	ت
Фонематическое представление	t (также θ , s )
Позиция в алфавите	22
Численная величина	400
Алфавитные производные от финикийского
Греческий	Τ , Ϛ , Χ ?
латинский	Т , Х ?
Кириллица	Т , Ѿ , Х ?

Taw , тав или TAF является двадцать второй и последней буквой из семитского abjads , в том числе финикийского TAW , иврит тав ת , арамейское Taw , сирийский Taw ܬ и арабского ت Tā' (22 в abjadi порядка , 3 - й в современном порядке) . В арабском языке это также дает начало производной букве ث āʼ . Его исходное звуковое значение / т / .

Финикийское письмо привело к греческому тау (Т), латинский Т и кириллица Т .

Происхождение тау [ править ]

Считается, что тау происходит от египетского иероглифа, обозначающего знак счета (а именно перекрестный крест ).

Иероглиф	Прото-синайский	Финикийский	Палео-иврит

Арабский tāʼ [ править ]

Письмо называется там . Он записывается несколькими способами в зависимости от его положения в слове:

Конечный ـَتْ ( фатхах , затем tāʼ с сукуном на нем, произносится / at / , хотя диакритические знаки обычно опускаются) используется для обозначения женского рода глаголов совершенного / прошедшего времени от третьего лица , а последний تَ ( tāʼ-fatḥah , / ta / ) используется для обозначения глаголов мужского рода во втором лице единственного числа в прошедшем времени, финальный تِ ( tāʼ-kasrah , / ti / ) для обозначения глаголов женского рода во втором лице единственного числа в прошедшем времени, а финальный تُ ( tāʼ- ammah , / tu /) to mark past-tense first-person singular verbs. The plural form of Arabic letter ت is tāʼāt (تاءات), a palindrome.

Recently the isolated ت has been used online as an emoticon, because it resembles a smiling face.^{[citation needed]}

Tāʼ marbūṭah[edit]

An alternative form called tāʼ marbūṭah (ـَة, ة) (تَاءْ مَرْبُوطَة), "bound tāʼ ") is used at the end of words to mark feminine gender for nouns and adjectives. It denotes the final sound /-h/ or /-t/. Regular tāʼ, to distinguish it from tāʼ marbūṭah, is referred to as tāʼ maftūḥah (تَاءْ مَفْتُوحَة, "open tāʼ ").

In words such as risālah رسالة ('letter, message'), tāʼ marbūṭah is denoted as h, and pronounced as /-a(h)/. Historically, it was pronounced as the /t/ sound in all positions, but in coda positions it eventually developed into a weakly aspirated /h/ sound (which is why tāʼ marbūṭah looks like a hāʼ (ه)). When a word ending with a tāʼ marbūṭah is suffixed with a grammatical case ending or (in Modern Standard Arabic or the dialects) any other suffix, the /t/ is clearly pronounced. For example, the word رِسَالَة ('letter, message') is pronounced as risāla(h) in pausa but is pronounced risālatu in the nominative case (/u/ being the nominative case ending). The pronunciation is /t/, just like a regular tāʼ (ت), but the identity of the "character" remains a tāʼ marbūṭah. Note that the isolated and final forms of this letter combine the shape of hāʼ and the two dots of tāʼ.

When words containing the symbol are borrowed into other languages written in the Arabic alphabet (such as Persian), tāʼ marbūṭah usually becomes either a regular ه or a regular ت.

Hebrew tav[edit]

Hebrew spelling: תָו‎

Hebrew pronunciation[edit]

The letter tav in Modern Hebrew usually represents a voiceless alveolar plosive: /t/.

Variations on written form and pronunciation[edit]

The letter tav is one of the six letters that can receive a dagesh kal diacritic; the others are bet, gimel, dalet, kaph and pe. Bet, kaph and pe have their sound values changed in modern Hebrew from the fricative to the plosive, by adding a dagesh. In modern Hebrew, the other three do not change their pronunciation with or without a dagesh, but they have had alternate pronunciations at other times and places.

In traditional Ashkenazi pronunciation, tav represents an /s/ without the dagesh and has the plosive form when it has the dagesh. Among Yemen and some Sephardi areas, tav without a dagesh represented a voiceless dental fricative /θ/—a pronunciation hailed by the Sfath Emeth work as wholly authentic, while the tav with the dagesh is the plosive /t/. In traditional Italian pronunciation, tav without a dagesh is sometimes /d/.^{[clarification needed]}

Tav with a geresh (ת׳‎) is sometimes used in order to represent the TH digraph in loanwords.

Significance of tav[edit]

In gematria, tav represents the number 400, the largest single number that can be represented without using the sophit (final) forms (see kaph, mem, nun, pe, and tzade).

In representing names from foreign languages, a geresh or chupchik can also be placed after the tav (ת׳), making it represent /θ/. (See also: Hebraization of English)

In Judaism[edit]

Tav is the last letter of the Hebrew word emet, which means 'truth'. The midrash explains that emet is made up of the first, middle, and last letters of the Hebrew alphabet (aleph, mem, and tav: אמת). Sheqer (שקר, falsehood), on the other hand, is made up of the 19th, 20th, and 21st (and penultimate) letters.

Thus, truth is all-encompassing, while falsehood is narrow and deceiving. In Jewish mythology it was the word emet that was carved into the head of the golem which ultimately gave it life. But when the letter aleph was erased from the golem's forehead, what was left was "met"—dead. And so the golem died.

Ezekiel 9:4 depicts a vision in which the tav plays a Passover role similar to the blood on the lintel and doorposts of a Hebrew home in Egypt.^[1] In Ezekiel's vision, the Lord has his angels separate the demographic wheat from the chaff by going through Jerusalem, the capital city of ancient Israel, and inscribing a mark, a tav, "upon the foreheads of the men that sigh and that cry for all the abominations that be done in the midst thereof."

In Ezekiel's vision, then, the Lord is counting tav-marked Israelites as worthwhile to spare, but counts the people worthy of annihilation who lack the tav and the critical attitude it signifies. In other words, looking askance at a culture marked by dire moral decline is a kind of shibboleth for loyalty and zeal for God.^[2]

Sayings with taf[edit]

"From aleph to taf" describes something from beginning to end, the Hebrew equivalent of the English "From A to Z."

Syriac taw[edit]

In the Syriac alphabet, as in the Hebrew and Phoenician alphabets, taw (ܬܰܐܘ‎) or tăw (ܬܲܘ‎ or ܬܰܘ‎) is the final letter in the alphabet, most commonly representing the voiceless dental stop [t̪] and fricative [θ] consonant pair, differentiated phonemically by hard and soft markings. When left as unmarked ܬ‎ ܬ‎ ܬ‎ or marked with a qūššāyā dot above the letter ܬ݁‎ ܬ݁‎ ܬ݁‎ indicating 'hard' pronunciation, it is realized as a plosive /t/. When the phoneme is marked with a rūkkāḵā dot below the letter ܬ݂‎ ܬ݂‎ ܬ݂‎ indicating 'soft' pronunciation, the phone is spirantized to a fricative /θ/. Hard taw (taw qšīṯā) is Romanized as a plain t, while the soft form of the letter (taw rakkīḵtā) is transliterated as ṯ or th.

Character encodings[edit]

See also[edit]

• Tav (number)

Footnotes[edit]

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External links[edit]

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