Gyromitra (/ˌdʒaɪroʊˈmaɪtrə,ˌdʒɪrə-/ [1]) is a genus of about 18 species of ascomycete fungi.[2] They are a false morel - a frequently toxic mushroom that can be mistaken for edible mushrooms of the genus Morchella (morels).
Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the genus Gyromitra to be most closely related to the genus Discina, and also Pseudorhizina, Hydnotrya, and only distantly related to Helvella. Thus the four genera are now included in the family Discinaceae.[3][4]
Some species of the genus Gyromitra are highly poisonous when eaten raw due to the presence of gyromitrin, although some are edible when cooked and Gyromitra spp. are sought after in Scandinavian countries. Widespread hemolysis has been reported from ingestion which can result in kidney failure. Methemoglobinemia has also been seen, although it is typically responsive to treatment with methylene blue. Seizures can also develop via inhibition of the neurotransmitter GABA.[6]