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Янгонский университет
ရန်ကုန် တက္ကသိုလ်
IPA:  [jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ tɛʔkəθò]
Seal of the University of Yangon.png
Печать Янгонского университета
Латинский : Universitas Rangunensis
Бывшие имена
  • Рангунский колледж (1878)
  • Правительственный колледж (1906)
  • Университетский колледж (начало 1920 г.)
  • Рангунский университет искусств и наук (1964)
Девизနတ္ထိ သ မံ ဝိဇ္ဇာ မိတ္ တံ
( пали : наттхи самам виджа миттах )
Девиз на английском языкеНет друга лучше мудрости.
ТипОбщественные
Учредил1878 ; 143 года назад (1878)
РекторДоктор Пхо Каунг
Академический персонал1313
Бакалавриат4194
Аспиранты5748
Место расположения
Камают 11041 , Янгон
,
Янгон
,
Мьянма

16 ° 49′48 ″ с.ш. 96 ° 08′06 ″ в.д. / 16.83000°N 96.13500°E / 16.83000; 96.13500 Координаты: 16 ° 49′48 ″ с.ш. 96 ° 08′06 ″ в.д.  / 16.83000°N 96.13500°E / 16.83000; 96.13500
КампусГородской
ПринадлежностиСеть университетов АСЕАН ( AUN ), ASAIHL
Веб-сайтuy .edu .mm

Университет Янгона (также Янгон университет , бирманские : ရန်ကုန် တက္ကသိုလ် , произносится  [jàɰɡòʊɰ tɛʔkəθò] , бывший Рангун колледж , Рангун университет и Рангун искусства и науки университет ), расположенный в Kamayut , Янгон , является самым старым университетом в современной системе образования Мьянмы и самый известный университет в Мьянме . Университет предлагает в основном программы бакалавриата и магистратуры (бакалавриат, магистратура, аспирантура и докторская степень) по гуманитарным и естественным наукам.и закон . После студенческих протестов 1996 года в главном кампусе университета не предлагались очные степени бакалавра. С 2014 года степень бакалавра была повторно предложена лучшим студентам страны. Сегодня студенты бакалавриата получают степени в области политологии, а также аспирантуру в таких областях, как социальная работа и геология.

Первоначально большинство крупных университетов страны зависело от Янгонского университета. До 1958 года, когда Мандалайский университет стал независимым университетом, все высшие учебные заведения Мьянмы находились в подчинении Янгонского университета. После Закона об университетском образовании 1964 года все профессиональные колледжи и институты университета, такие как Медицинский институт 1 , Технологический институт Рангуна и Янгонский институт экономики, стали независимыми университетами, оставив Янгонскому университету гуманитарные науки, науки и право. В Мьянме ответственность за высшее образование зависит от различных министерств. Университет Янгона зависит от Министерства образования. [1]

Янгонский университет на протяжении всей своей истории был в центре гражданского недовольства. Все три общенациональные забастовки против британской администрации (1920, 1936 и 1938) начались в Рангунском университете. Лидеры бирманского движения за независимость, такие как генерал Аунг Сан , У Ну , Не Вин и У Тан, являются одними из известных выпускников университета. Традиция студенческого протеста в университете продолжалась и в постколониальную эпоху - в 1962, 1974, 1988 и 1996 годах [2].

История [ править ]

Основанный в 1878 году в качестве дочернего колледжа в университете Калькутты , то Рангун колледж работал и управляется образование Syndicate , созданный британской администрацией колониальной . [1] Колледж был переименован в Государственный колледж в 1904 году и Университетский колледж в 1920 году. Рангунский университет был основан в 1920 году, когда Университетский колледж (Рангунский колледж - светский) и Джадсоновский колледж (связанный с баптистами) были объединены Законом об университете Рангуна. . [3] Американская баптистская миссия решила признать Джадсон колледж (бывший Креститель колледж) в качестве отдельного учреждения в Рангуне университете. [1]Рангунский университет создан по образцу Кембриджского и Оксфордского университетов . [4] Все последующие высшие учебные заведения, основанные британцами, были переданы под управление Рангунского университета: Мандалайский колледж в Мандалае в 1925 году, педагогический колледж и медицинский колледж в Янгоне в 1930 году и Сельскохозяйственный колледж в Мандалае в 1938 году [5].

Рангун-колледж в начале 1900-х годов, до слияния с колледжем Джадсона.

Хотя в нем участвовали только элиты того времени, университет был в центре бирманского движения за независимость. Студенты протестовали против контроля британской администрации над университетом и Закона Рангуна, согласно которому губернатор стал канцлером Университета Рангуна. [3] Все три общенациональные забастовки против британского колониального правительства (1920, 1936 и 1938) начались в университете. Национальный день Мьянмы фактически отмечает восстание бирманских студентов в Рангунском университете в 1920 году. К 1930-м годам университет был рассадником бирманского национализма, в результате чего появилось много будущих высокопоставленных бирманских политиков, в том числе генерала Аунг Сан , У Ну , Ба Мау , Чжо Nyein, Ба Све , У Тан и Тейн Пе Мьинт .

Рангунский университет стал одним из самых престижных университетов Юго-Восточной Азии и одним из ведущих университетов Азии, привлекая студентов со всего региона. [4] [6] [7] Японцы оккупировали университет во время Второй мировой войны, но он восстановился и процветал после обретения Бирмой независимости в 1948 году. Этот золотой период закончился в 1962 году. [3]

После военного переворота 1962 года при генерале Не Вине и во время Бирманского пути к социализму Рангунский университет был передан под непосредственный контроль Управления высшего образования, центрального правительственного учреждения, тогда как ранее им руководил совет профессоров. ученые и правительственные чиновники. [4] Кроме того, язык обучения был изменен на бирманский , что радикально отличалось от английского , который был языком обучения в университете с момента его основания. Образовательные стандарты начали заметно снижаться, и международные организации перестали признавать степени, выданные или полученные в университете. [4] The university was also renamed the Rangoon Arts and Sciences University (abbreviated RASU), after certain departments and faculties (medicine, economics, education, etc.) were separated from the University in 1964.

Rangoon University suffered damage during World War II

Rangoon University students staged a peaceful demonstration and protest on campus against 'unjust university rules' on 7 July 1962. Ne Win sent his troops to disperse the students. Dozens of students were killed and the historic Rangoon University Student Union (RUSU) was reduced to rubble the next morning.[3]

In November 1974 the former UN Secretary General U Thant died, and on the day of his funeral on 5 December 1974, Rangoon University students snatched his coffin on display at the Kyaikkasan Race Course, and erected a makeshift mausoleum on the grounds of the RUSU in protest against the government for not honouring their famous countryman with a state funeral. The military stormed the campus on 11 December killing some of the students, recovered the coffin, and buried U Thant at the foot of the Shwedagon Pagoda.

The Convocation Hall is considered a main landmark of Yangon University

Student protests against protest against General Ne Win's socialist government culminated in 1988. Student protest in March 1988 was met with a violent response from the government.[8] This did not stop the protests. On 8 August 1988, students around the country came together to protest against the military regime. The protest was supported by hundreds of thousands of people who went into the street in protest against the military rule. This is today remembered at the 8888 uprising. The movement was crushed by the army Chief of Staff General Saw Maung who took over and instated the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC or na wa ta). It is estimated that more than 300 students died in the protests. In the months and years that followed, many more were imprisoned.[3]

In 1989, the military junta changed place names throughout Myanmar; the University was renamed the University of Yangon. The University was closed for most of the 1990s, because of fears of a repeat of the 8888 Uprising. To prevent students from congregating, the government dispersed the existing institutions and departments that made up Yangon University into separate learning institutions scattered throughout the city. Till 2013 only graduate studies, certain professional courses, and a few diploma courses were conducted at the University's main campus. Newer universities such as Dagon University, University of East Yangon and University of West Yangon were created to cater for undergraduates.[9]

A graduation ceremony for the East Yangon University held at the University of Yangon's Convocation Hall in 2019

Yangon University celebrated its Diamond Jubilee in a week-long celebration, which began on 1 December 1995. The Jubilee marked the school's formal establishment of 75 years. For its commemoration, the government built the Diamond Jubilee Hall, a four-storied building in the University's grounds, which cost K 630,000,000, and a new set of postage stamps was also produced.[10] Once-affiliated institutes and departments (e.g., the Institute of Economics, Yangon which began life as a department at Yangon University), which had already separated, also celebrated.

The transitioning to a new government in 2011 Myanmar was followed by a renewed focus on education. In 2013, Daw Aung San Suu Kyi was named head of the Yangon University Upgrading and Restoration Committee.[3] In December 2013, the University re-opened for undergraduate students. Initially only 50 undergraduate students were accepted.[3] A controversial National Education Law was enacted in 2014. Under the law the university is managed by the Ministry of Education, who also appoints the university rector.

Campus[edit]

Judson Church at sunrise
Judson Tower in 2012
Universities' Dhamma Hall
Yadanar Hall

Yangon University is located in Yangon, along the southwestern bank of Inya Lake, the largest lake in the city. It is on the corner of Pyay Road and University Avenue Road in Kamayut Township, north of downtown Yangon. The modern campus of Yangon University completed construction in 1920. There are two campuses, namely Main Campus and Hlaing Campus, the former being the most well-known. Judson Church, inside the main campus of the University, is a Baptist church, and like Judson College, named after Adoniram Judson, a 19th-century American missionary who compiled the first Burmese-English dictionary. The main campus also contains a convocation hall.

Housing[edit]

The accommodation in Burma is not mixed and the availability is limited. Women's halls have many limited rules whilst men's a few.

  • Amara Hall (Departments of Philosophy and Library & Information Studies)
  • Arts Hall (Departments of Geography and Oriental Studies)
  • Bago Hall(men')
  • Bagan Hall(women's)
  • Dagon Hall(women's)
  • Inwa Hall(men's)
  • Inya Hall (women's)
  • Mandalay Hall (Department of Geology)
  • Marlar Hall (women's)
  • Nawaday Hall (women's)
  • Panglone Hall (Department of English)
  • Pinya Hall(men's)
  • Prome Hall (women's)
  • Ramanya Hall(Departments of Law,Psychology and Anthropology)
  • Sagaing Hall(men')
  • Science Hall(Departments of Botany, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics and Zoology)
  • Shwebo Hall(women's)
  • Taungoo Hall (Departments of Myanmar)
  • Visali Hall (Departments of History, Archeology and International Relations)
  • Tagaung Hall (women's)
  • Thahtone Hall(men')
  • Thiri Hall (women's)
  • ULB (Departments of Computer Studies and Industrial Chemistry)
  • Yadanar Hall (women's)

Other important buildings[edit]

  • Arts Building
  • Convocation Hall
  • Judson Church
  • Recreation Centre
  • Science Building
  • Universities' Central Library
  • Universities' Dhamma Hall
  • Universities' Sanatorium
  • University Diamond Jubilee Hall
  • Universities' Hospital
  • University of Yangon Library
  • University Post Office
  • Painters' House

Main Departments[edit]

  1. Department of Anthropology
  2. Department of Archaeology
  3. Department of Botany
  4. Department of Chemistry
  5. Department of Computer Studies
  6. Department of English
  7. Department of Geography
  8. Department of Geology
  9. Department of History
  10. Department of Industrial Chemistry
  11. Department of International Relations
  12. Department of Law
  13. Department of Library and Information Studies
  14. Department of Mathematics
  15. Department of Myanmar
  16. Department of Oriental Studies
  17. Department of Philosophy
  18. Department of Physics
  19. Department of Psychology
  20. Department of Zoology.
  21. Department of Biology

Each department offers an undergraduate degree programme. The Department of International Relations offers two: the Bachelor of Arts (International Relations) and the Bachelor of Arts (Political Science).

Programmes[edit]

Yangon University offers undergraduate and postgraduate degree programmes. The undergraduate programmes are subdivided into three categories: Arts (B.A.), Sciences (B.Sc.), and Law(LL.B). The choice of different fields of learning takes place in upper secondary school where students choose particular subjects directed towards their tertiary education. Postgraduate degrees are separated into three groups: Doctorates, Master's, and diplomas. Although YU no longer offered the undergraduate degrees owing to the uprising in 1996,it now was reopened for the undergraduate degrees with the name of (COE) what literally means Center of Excellence in 2014 and accepted only 50 selectively excellent students for each field of studies. (Although undergraduate and postgraduate programmes are still available to current days, the recognition of status of international COE of the university has been discontinued.)

ProgramBachelor'sMaster'sDoctorate
AnthropologyBAMAPhD
ArchaeologyBAMAPhD
Botany, MicrobiologyBScMScPhD
Biochemistry, ChemistryBScMScPhD
Computer ScienceBScMScPhD
EnglishBAMAPhD
GeographyBAMAPhD
Geology,BScMScPhD
Environmental StudiesBEsMEsPhD
HistoryBAMAPhD
Industrial ChemistryBScMScPhD
International RelationsBAMAPhD
LawLLBLLM

MA(Business Law)

PhD
Library and Information StudiesBAMAPhD
MathematicsBScMScPhD
MyanmarBAMAPhD
Oriental StudiesBAMAPhD
PhilosophyBAMAPhD
PhysicsBScMScPhD
PsychologyBAMAPhD
ZoologyBScMScPhD
Political ScienceBAMAPhD
Fisheries & AquacultureBScMScPhD

Notable alumni[edit]

Politics and government[edit]

  • Aung San: National independence hero, Father of the Nations, revolutionary and founder of the Tatmadaw, the modern Burmese armed forces, 5th Prime Minister of British Burma
  • Aung Thu: Minister of Agriculture
  • Ba Cho: Minister of Information 1946–1947 and assassinated along with Aung San in July 1947
  • Ba Maw: Premier of Burma from 1937 to 1939 and Prime Minister 1943–1945 (period under Japanese Occupation)
  • Ba Swe: Prime Minister of Burma 1956–1957
  • Ba Win: Minister of Trade 1946–1947 and assassinated along with Aung San in July 1947
  • H. N. Goshal: Communist politician
  • Henry Van Thio: 2nd Second Vice President of Myanmar
  • Khin Nyunt: Prime Minister of Burma from 2003 to 2004 (did not complete B.Sc. degree)
  • Khun Htun Oo: Shan politician
  • Kyaw Nyein: Deputy Prime Minister of Burma from 1948 to 1949 and again from 1953 to 1958, 1st Burmese Home Affairs Minister
  • Kyi Maung: Former army commander and leader of the National League for Democracy
  • Ma Saw Sa (Judson College), first Burmese woman physician, suffragist, served in parliament
  • Maran Brang Seng: Chairman of the Kachin Independence Organization
  • Mahn Win Khaing Than: 2nd Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw (2016–)
  • Maung Khin: 1st Burmese Chief Justice (1921–1924)
  • Maung Maung: President of Burma Aug–Sep 1988, former journalist and lawyer
  • Maung Maung Kha: Prime minister of Burma 1977–1988
  • Myo Thein Gyi: Union Minister of Education of Htin Kyaw's Cabinet
  • Myoma U Than Kywe: One of the negotiators of the historical Panglong Conference in 1947
  • Nai Shwe Kyin: Mon civil rights leader and revolutionary
  • Ne Win: Chairman of Revolutionary Council, 4th President and 3rd Prime Minister of Burma
  • Ohn Maung: Deputy Minister of Transport 1946–1947 and assassinated along with Aung San in July 1947
  • Pe Khin: Chief architect of the Panglong Agreement
  • Shawkat Ali Khan: a framer of the Constitution of Bangladesh
  • Thakin Mya: Minister of Home Affairs 1946–1947 and assassinated along with Aung San in July 1947
  • U Nu: 1st Prime Minister of Burma from 1948 to 1956, 1957–1958, 1960–1962
  • U Razak: Minister of Education assassinated along with Aung San in July 1947
  • U Thant: the third Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971
  • Usha Narayanan: First Lady of India from 1997 to 2002
  • Win Maung: The third President of the Union of Burma
  • Win Myint (MP): 2nd Speaker of the House of Representatives (2016–) and the tenth President of Myanmar

Academia[edit]

  • Benjamin Peary Pal: B. P. Pal FRS (26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989) was the first Director of Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He was one of the foremost scientists in Wheat genetics and breeding.[11]
  • Hla Pe: Linguist, Professor of Burmese language and culture at the University of London (1966– 1980) and one of the compilers of a Burmese-English dictionary
  • Hla Myint: Economist and one of the pioneers of development economics
  • Htin Aung: Scholar of Burmese culture and history, author of Selections from Burmese Folk Tales, one of the founding fathers of the Association of Southeast Asian Institutions of Higher Learning (ASAIHL)
  • Mi Mi Khaing: Scholar and Writer
  • Nanda Thein Zan : Writer of texts on philosophy and Buddhism
  • Sao Saimong: Scholar and linguist, well known for reformed Shan script
  • Sein Tu: Psychologist
  • John Furnivall: An influential historian of Southeast Asia
  • Nyi Nyi: Deputy Minister of Education (1965–1974), geology professor[12]
  • Pessie Madan: Indian leader of the high-technology research and development sector
  • Pe Maung Tin: Scholar on Pali and Buddhism
  • Pho Kyar: Novelist and education reformist
  • Ronald Findlay: Ragnar Nurkse Professor of Economics at Columbia University.
  • Sir Taw Sein Ko (1864–1930): Burma's first recorded archaeologist and an interlocutor between King Thibaw and the British administration
  • Than Nyun: Economist, educationist and former deputy minister
  • Than Tun: Historian
  • Tha Hla: Founder of the Geology department and then Rector of Rangoon University and advisor to the Ministry of Mines
  • Thaw Kaung: Librarian and a well-known expert in Asian library science
  • U Myint: Economist[13]
  • U Nyun: Economist and Executive Secretary of United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific from 1959 – 1973
  • Aung Tun Thet : Economist and Management Consultant
  • Kyaw Thet: Historian
  • Winston Set Aung : Economist and Management Consultant, former Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Myanmar, incumbent Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Planning and Finance
  • Yin Yin Nwe: Geologist and Myanmar's Chief Education Adviser to Myanmar President Thein Sein.
  • Khin Maung Sein: A Malaysia-based international law scholar and the Deputy Dean (Research and Postgraduate) of Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia.[14]

Business[edit]

  • Khin Maung Aye: Chairman of CB Bank and Chairman of Myanmar Banks Association[15]
  • Lim Chin Tsong: A tycoon in the early 20th century and a member of the Legislative Council of Burma
  • Michael Moe Myint: Founder of Myint & Associates and Myanmar Petroleum Resources Limited (MPRL)
  • Zaw Zaw: Founder of Max Myanmar and vice president of Asian Football Confederation (AFC)

Arts and literature[edit]

  • Ba Gale: Cartoonist
  • Kyi Aye : Poet and writer (also a medical doctor)
  • Collegian Ne Win: Film actor
  • Khin Myo Chit: Writer and journalist
  • Kyi Soe Tun: Film director
  • Than E (Bilat Pyan Than): Singer
  • Ludu Daw Amar: Leader of the Rangoon University students strike of 1936, writer and journalist
  • Min Thu Wun:[16]Mon-Burmese scholar and poet
  • Mya Than Tint : Novelist, Translator
  • Saya Zawgyi: Writer and part of the Khit-San literary movement (did not complete degree)
  • Thein Pe Myint: Writer, journalist and secretary general of Communist Party of Burma
  • Theippan Maung Wa: Writer and part of the Khit-San literary movement in the 1930s
  • Maung Htin: Writer and part of Khit-San literary movement
  • Myo Min (Ngwe Soe): Writer and part of Khit-San literary movement
  • Tin Maung: Film actor and director
  • Wah Wah Win Shwe: Actress
  • Nwe Yin Win: Singer
  • K Ja Nu: Singer
  • Kyaw Thu: Actor and chairman of Free Funeral Service Society
  • May Sweet: Singer and actress
  • Zaw Win Htut: Rock singer
  • Sin Yaw Mg Mg: Film director
  • Graham: Singer

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c James, Helen (2005). Governance And Civil Society In Myanmar: Education, Health, and Environment. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-35558-3.
  2. ^ Zin Linn (20 November 2012). "President Obama rejuvenates Rangoon University of Burma". Asian Correspondent. Bristol, England: Hybrid News Limited. Archived from the original (News & blogging) on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2012. People of Burma ... satisfied with the choice of a venue made by the US President ... the convocation hall of the University of Rangoon....
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Shoon Naing and Lun Min Mang (9 August 2016). "'8888 Uprising' remembered in Yangon|". Myanmar Times. Retrieved 2 May 2017.[dead link]
  4. ^ a b c d Khin Maung Kyi (2000). Economic Development of Burma: a Vision and a Strategy. SUP. p. 150. ISBN 91-88836-16-9.
  5. ^ Ko Yin Aung (23 December 1999). "Prospects of education in Myanmar". The New Light of Myanmar.
  6. ^ Rothenberg, Daniel (Fall 2002). "Towards a New Modern Developed Nation". The Journal of the International Institute. Archived from the original on 6 May 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2006. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Szep, Jason; Raju Gopalakrishnan; Ron Popeski (27 November 2011). "Yangon: From stately city to crumbling symbol of isolation". Reuters. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
  8. ^ Lone, Wa (8 April 2014). "Red Bridge burns bright for student activists". Myanmar Times. Retrieved 3 May 2017.[dead link]
  9. ^ James, Helen (2005). Governance and Civil Society in Myanmar: Education, Health and Environment. Routledge. p. 102.
  10. ^ "Myanmar Philately". Tharaphi.
  11. ^ "Agriculture" (PDF). .iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  12. ^ Zar Ni. "5". Knowledge, Control and Power: The Politics of Education under Burma's Military Dictatorship (1962–88) (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). University of Wisconsin – Madison. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  13. ^ Ba Kaung (27 April 2011). "Thein Sein Appoints Presidential Advisors". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  14. ^ "Professor Dr. Abdul Ghafur Hamid @ Khin Maung Sein". International Islamic University Malaysia. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  15. ^ "CB Bank: Board of Directors". www.cbbank.com.mm. Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  16. ^ "Burmese Literary Pioneer". The Irrawaddy.

External links[edit]

  • Official website