Музыка Швеции

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ABBA была одной из самых успешных шведских поп-групп.

Музыка в Швеции акции корней с соседними странами в Скандинавии , а также Восточной Европы, в том числе полька , шотландка , вальса , Польска и мазурки . Шведская скрипка и никельхарпа - одни из самых распространенных шведских народных инструментов. Инструментальный жанр - самый большой в Швеции . В 1960-х годах шведская молодежь вызвала возрождение корней в шведской народной культуре . Многие присоединились к Spelmanslag (клубы народных музыкантов) и выступали на популярном радио.и телевизор . Они сосредоточились на инструментальной польской музыке, с вокалом и влиянием других традиционных жанров, которые стали более заметными с 1990-х годов. К 1970 году также началась культура « дансбанд ».

Шведская музыка также включает в себя более современные и поп-музыки . В расчете на душу населения Швеция является одним из самых успешных мировых экспортеров популярной музыки. ^[1] Самый известный экспорт - ABBA , всемирный музыкальный феномен. Швеция также исторически доминировала на скандинавской музыкальной сцене: датчане и норвежцы слушали музыку на шведском языке, а не наоборот. ^{[ необходима цитата ]} В конце 1980-х и начале 1990-х годов скандинавские дэт-метал группы стали очень популярными в международном сообществе хэви-метала .

Самым известным классическим трубадуром Швеции был Карл Майкл Беллман (1740-1795). Более поздние примеры включают Эверт Таубе , Корнелис Фрисвейк , Фред Окерстрём и Повел Рамель .

Традиционный [ править ]

В шведских народных песнях преобладают баллады и кульнинг ; последний был первоначально использовался как корова - пастушьей вызов и традиционно поют женщины. Рассказы-баллады происходят от песен Skillingtryck, напечатанных в 19 веке. Современные группы, такие как Folk och Rackare , Hedningarna и Garmarna, включили народные песни в свой репертуар.

Шведские народные инструменты [ править ]

Скрипка , пожалуй, наиболее характерный и оригинальный инструмент шведской народной традиции. Он появился в 17 веке и стал широко распространяться до тех пор, пока религиозный фундаментализм 19 века не проповедовал, что большинство форм музыки греховны и нечестивы. Несмотря на притеснения, некоторые скрипачи достигли репутацию их виртуозностью, в том числе Ямтланд 's Lapp-Nils , Bingsjö ' s Pekkos Пер и Malung «s Lejsme-Per Larsson . Ни один из этих музыкантов никогда не записывался; первым зарегистрированным крупным скрипачом был Хьорт Андерс Олссон . Среди других ранних скрипачей 20-го векаНильс Агенмарк и Паккос Густав . Существует обширный традиционный репертуар скрипичных мелодий в таких формах, как 3/4 polska и 4/4 gånglåt . Один тип скрипки, свойственный Швеции, - это лэтфиол , скрипка с двумя симпатическими струнами , похожая на норвежскую скрипку Хардангера.

Никельхарпа (шпонкой скрипка) аналогично как скрипки и шарманки , и , как известно из Швеции по крайней мере с 1350 года , когда он был вырезан на воротах в церкви в Готланде . ^[2] В 15 и 16 веках никельхарпа была известна по всей Швеции , Дании и особенно в провинции Уппланд . Последний долгое время был оплотом музыки никельхарпа, в том числе до 60-х годов ^{[ когда? ]} возрождение ^{[ необходимы пояснения ]} , в котором участвовали такие музыканты, как Бисс-Калле из Эльвкарлеби. Инструмент, на котором играли в то время, отличался от того, что используется сегодня; Август Болин и Эрик Зальстрём внесли в инструмент изменения, которые сделали его хроматическим и прямым, более похожим на скрипку . Несмотря на эти нововведения, популярность никельхарпы снижалась до возрождения корней 1960-х годов. Никельхарпа был заметной частью нескольких групп возрождения позже в столетии, особенно Васен и Hedningarna .

В Швеции волынка (säckpipa) является часть продолжительной народной традиции, передавалась устно до смерти Гадмундса Нильса Ларссон в 1949 г. Поздних пробужденцев , такие как Per Гудмундсон не добавила настройку слайда и оживили инструмент.

Аккордеоны и гармоники были неотъемлемой частью шведской народной музыки с начала 20 века, когда они внесли свой вклад в жанр гаммелданов . Самым известным шведским аккордеонистом, несомненно, является Калле Джуларбо , прославившийся в начале 20 века. Позже аккордеон потерял популярность в рамках возрождения корней и не вернулся до самого конца 1970-х годов.

Возрождение корней [ править ]

В 1960-х годах шведские джазовые музыканты, такие как Ян Йоханссон, использовали в своей работе народные мотивы, в результате чего в начале 1970-х годов в Стокгольме была проведена серия музыкальных фестивалей . Шведское музыкальное движение отражает популярную тенденцию к джаз - и рок-ориентированному народной музыки, с участием многих исполнителей , которые принесли новую жизненную силу шведского народа.

Классический [ править ]

Отцом шведской классической музыки часто называют Йохана Гельмиха Романа (1694-1758). Его самая известная работа - « Музыка Дроттнингхольма» . Другой влиятельный композитор - Карл Майкл Беллман, покровителем которого был король Швеции Густав III . Песни Беллманса часто повествуют о выпивке, проституции и повседневных любовных проблемах. Он был виртуозным импровизатором, и его песни, из которых наиболее известны "Fredmans sånger", широко исполняются в Европе в разных переводах. Джозеф Мартин Краус (1756-1792) прожил жизнь, очень похожую на Моцарта., который жил между 1756 и 1792 годами. Краус был композитором-новатором, чья музыка полна изящества и ярких контрастов. Его гармоничный язык был очень личным, хотя его способность развивать мотивы никогда не достигала уровня венских композиторов, таких как Моцарт или Гайдн. В эпоху раннего романтизма Франц Бервальд (1796-1868) был самым выдающимся из шведских композиторов. Его музыку почти игнорировали при жизни, и он зарабатывал на жизнь хирургом-ортопедом. Он получил большую часть своего признания после своей смерти, и такие композиторы, как Аттерберг и Вильгельм Стенхаммар, много работали, чтобы поднять интерес к музыке Бервальдса.

Вильгельм Стенхаммар (1871-1927) был одним из поздних национальных композиторов-романтиков. Он имел репутацию одного из лучших пианистов своего времени. Несколько лет он учился в Берлине, где познакомился с немецким высоким романтизмом, таким как Брукнер и Вагнер, которые сильно повлияли на него, когда он написал две свои симфонии. Он также написал шесть струнных квартетов, приличное количество фортепианной музыки и одну оперу «Тюрфинг» на тему скандинавской мифологии. Еще одним национальным композитором-романтиком, который также был дирижером и скрипачом, был Уго Альфвен. (1872-1960). His orchestration is bright and colorful, reminiscent of that of Richard Strauss, although the harmonic language differs a lot. Some of his works, such as the Swedish rhapsodies, are program music, which means music with an underlying program that is meant to be evoked in the listeners mind. Alfvén appears as a character in the film The passion of Marie.

Important composers in the early 1900s are Hilding Rosenberg, Kurt Atterberg, Ture Rangström. The best-known opera singers were the 19th century soprano Jenny Lind and the 20th century tenor Jussi Björling, who had great success abroad as a tenor. Also sopranos Christina Nilsson, Birgit Nilsson, and tenor Nicolai Gedda, baritone Håkan Hagegård and the contemporary soprano Miah Persson and mezzo-sopranos Anne Sofie von Otter and Katarina Karnéus have become known in the world of opera. Evert Taube, Povel Ramel, Cornelis Vreeswijk, Fred Akerstrom are all popular modern troubadours, considered to be classics in Swedish music. Sweden also has a prominent choral music tradition, deriving in part from the cultural importance of Swedish folk songs.^[3]

Choral[edit]

Sweden has a long tradition of professional and amateur choir singing. A large percentage of the Swedes sing in amateur choirs in various styles. The choirs of Sweden are among the best in the world, with the Radio Choir, owned by Sveriges Radio (Swedish public radio) being one of the world's top professional classical choirs. Lunds Studentsångförening (LSS) and Orphei Drängar (OD) are two world-class male choirs singing both in Swedish and other languages. The choir leader Eric Ericson started his career as chief conductor of OD in the 1950s.

Modern[edit]

Jazz[edit]

Well-known jazz names include Alice Babs who worked with Duke Ellington for many years from 1963 and onwards, Arne Domnerus who has recorded albums with James Moody, Art Farmer and Clifford Brown, Bengt Hallberg, Bobo Stenson, Esbjörn Svensson Trio, composer and jazz musician Georg Riedel, Georg Wadenius, best-selling jazz musician Jan Johansson, the jazz duo Koop, Lars Gullin, the multi-instrumentalist and composer Magnus Lindgren, singer and actress Monica Zetterlund, Nils Landgren, Putte Wickman, Rolf Ericson, guitar virtuoso Ulf Wakenius, and Åke Hasselgård. In addition American jazz trumpeter Don Cherry was based in Sweden for much of his later life.

Pop[edit]

Sweden is one of the world's biggest exporters of music relative to the size of its economy. The most famous Swedish popular music act of all time is a four piece group called ABBA, composed of members Agnetha Fältskog, Björn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson and Anni-Frid Lyngstad. After winning the Eurovision Song Contest 1974, ABBA grew to become the dominant pop band of the 70s and early 80s. Their sales figures are disputed but claims have been made of 380 million records around the world, making them the second-most successful group ever after The Beatles. ABBA continues to sell around one million records a year worldwide. ABBA-members Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus have been very successful in musical theatre, with their international hit Mamma Mia!, as well as Chess, and Kristina från Duvemåla, which was a huge success in Sweden. The female members also pursued solo careers after the breakup. Agnetha Fältskog has scored various hits as a solo artist, with her 2013 album 'A' selling up to 1.5 million copies worldwide.

ABBA marked the beginning of an era in which Swedish pop music gained international prominence, which it maintains today. Excluding the UK, Sweden is the European nation with the most number-one hits on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100: as of 2019, seven songs has reached the #1 position. The first one was a 1974 cover version of "Hooked on a Feeling", performed by Blue Swede, followed by Abba's "Dancing Queen" in 1977. Roxette had no less than four number-one hits between 1989 and 1991: "The Look", "Listen to Your Heart", "It Must Have Been Love" and "Joyride", and in 1994 Ace of Base reached the top with their hit "The Sign".

Since the 1990s, Sweden's influence on the international pop music scene has been most evident via a number of heavyweight songwriters and producers. Cheiron Studios, spearheaded by Denniz Pop and his protégé Max Martin, helped Ace of Base become an international success, and then went on to creating some of the biggest hits of Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys, NSYNC and Westlife, to name just a few. Denniz Pop died from cancer in 1998 and Cheiron Studios was closed two years later, but Martin remains a superstar in the industry - only Paul McCartney and John Lennon have written more #1 Billboard hits than Max Martin. Other prominent producers who were part of Cheiron include Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, Kristian Lundin, Per Magnusson and Andreas Carlsson. In Cheiron's and Max Martin's wake a number of successful producers have also emerged in later years, including Shellback, Bloodshy & Avant and Moroccan-Swedish RedOne.

The success of Swedish popular music is also evident in the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest attracts great interest and the Swedish contestant is selected through Melodifestivalen, a series of qualifiers which is Sweden's most popular TV show. Since ABBA's win in 1974 Sweden has won the Eurovision Song Contest five more times: 1984 with Herreys, 1991 with Carola Häggkvist, 1999 with Charlotte Nilsson, 2012 with Loreen and 2015 with Måns Zelmerlöw. With these six wins, Sweden is the country with the second-highest number of ESC victories - Ireland has one more.

Some of the most successful post-ABBA popular music artists from Sweden are Europe, Roxette, Madleen Kane, Agnes, Ace of Base, Kent, Carola Häggkvist, Army of Lovers, Neneh and Eagle-Eye Cherry, Leila K, Robyn, A*Teens, Nanne Grönvall, The Cardigans, Bodies Without Organs, Andreas Johnson, Alcazar, and September. A number of renowned rock and pop-oriented artists have come out of the country in recent years, including Loreen, Eskobar, bob hund, Clawfinger, The Sounds, The Hives, Hardcore Superstar, Millencolin, Sahara Hotnights, The Hellacopters, The Ark, Infinite Mass, Mando Diao, Looptroop Rockers and José González. The Knife and Jens Lekman have both received significant underground acclaim in recent years. Such has been the success of music abroad that clubs specializing in Swedish music have sprung up in major cities like Berlin, Barcelona and London. Swedish chart toppers Kent are also often regarded as a pop band based on the variety of sounds found on their various albums.

Some Swedish easy listening/contemporary groups and artists who are not as well known internationally but are recognized in Sweden include Gyllene Tider, Peter Jöback, Lill-Babs Svensson, Marie Fredriksson, Laleh, Per Gessle, Ted Gärdestad, Helen Sjöholm, Charlotte Perrelli, Loreen, Sanna Nielsen, Lena Philipsson and Patrik Isaksson. Scandinavia is considered the bubblegum dance capital of the world. Many bubblegum dance artists emerged from Sweden, including Smile.dk, made famous by the videogame Dance Dance Revolution.

Hip hop[edit]

While jazz, blues and soul have been around for a long time in Sweden, hip hop is a more recent addition. Swedish hip hop emerged in the first half of the 1980s and crossed into the mainstream a decade later.^[4] Artists that achieved mainstream popularity in the early 1990s include Just D, Infinite Mass and The Latin Kings. In the late 1990s there was a second breakthrough and artists like Petter, Ken Ring, Thomas Rusiak, Timbuktu and Looptroop Rockers became well-known. More recent acts worth mentioning are Promoe, Roffe Ruff, Snook, Ison & Fille, Maskinen, Million Stylez, Rebstar, Adam Tensta, and Drain Gang. Swing hip hop jazz also has made a mark with the band Movits! as a frontrunner.

Rock[edit]

While rock is not as widespread in Sweden as pop or Metal are, there are some very interesting acts. In the 1980s, Swedish rock band Europe reached international success. The 1990s saw the rise of Kent, who became the most popular Swedish rock band in Scandinavia until calling it quits in 2016.

Reggae[edit]

Reggae is also a part of modern Swedish music. A Swedish reggaemusician of early fame is the Scanian Peps Persson, Bob Marley has once said that there is only one white man that has reggae in his blood and it's Peps Persson. Since then, more has happened. The Uppsala group Labyrint is widely spread with their musical mix of rap and reggae called förortsreggae. Swedish music producers Soundism are behind Swedish reggae artists Kapten Röd, Papa Dee, Million Stylez, and Chilly & Leafy (and more), also records with international artist such as Junior Ketlly, Lady Saw, and Buju Banton.^[5]

Punk rock[edit]

The most prominent and important Swedish punk rock band is Ebba Grön (1977–1982) headed by Joakim Thåström. Thåström also had two other bands called Imperiet and Peace, Love & Pitbulls but they were very pop influenced and never became anywhere near as popular as Ebba Grön. However, Thåström is still big in Sweden, now as a solo artist.

Sweden is also home to several influential emo and hardcore punk bands, such as Fireside, Last Days Of April, Satanic Surfers, Kelly 8 and landmark post-hardcore band Refused. More aggressive early hardcore punk bands include Asta Kask, Charta 77, Mob 47, Anti Cimex, Totalitär, Homy Hogs, T.S.T, Headcleaners, and The Shitlickers. Some later influential bands of the aggressive sort are for example Disfear, Driller Killer, Wolfbrigade, Loudpipes, Warvictims, Bombshell Rocks, and Raised Fist.

Heavy metal[edit]

Sweden (along with Scandinavia at large) is known for its large number of heavy metal bands, so much so that this phenomenon has attracted scholarly analysis.^[6] Sweden is second only to neighboring Finland in heavy metal bands per capita.

Swedish musicians are credited for creating melodic death metal, also known as Gothenburg metal, in particular the bands In Flames, At the Gates, Dark Tranquility, which later furtherly developed adding new style influences and inspiring also other acts like the American melodic metalcore bands. Bathory is credited for helping create black metal, a style that became popular in Norway, as well as pioneering Viking metal, and deceased black metal icon Per Yngve Ohlin was from Sweden. Dissection is also noted for their large influence on Swedish black metal, in particular melodic black metal. The country is also well known for death metal, progressive, doom and power metal bands. Stockholm band Candlemass is one of the first and most influential doom metal bands, starting in 1984. Yngwie J. Malmsteen is one of the fathers of neo-classical metal. Meshuggah is an avant-garde metal band which developed djent from the late 80s and 90s. Opeth is regarded as one of the most influential and innovative metal bands, crossing melodic death metal and progressive rock between the 90s and the 2000s. Passenger is considered the swan song of the nu metal scene in the early 2000s. Famous other bands include Pain of Salvation, Entombed, Dismember, Hypocrisy, Amon Amarth, Arch Enemy, Soilwork, Freak Kitchen, Sabaton and more.

Some of the prominent metal acts are:

Successful progressive/psychedelic acts are for example Bo Hansson, Dungen, Anekdoten, Morte Macabre, Opeth and Paatos. Finland and neighboring Norway are also crucial centers of controversial rock music genres, including black metal, death metal, and techno-rock movements since the 1980s and 1990s.^{[citation needed]}

Progressive and jazz-rock music[edit]

Sweden is also known in some circles for its progressive and jazz-rock musicians, particularly for virtuoso-led acts including Andromeda, Anekdoten, Änglagård, Arbete och Fritid, Björn J:son Lindh, Bo Kaspers Orkester, Janne Schaffer, Kaipa, Landberk, Samla Mammas Manna, Opeth, The Flower Kings, and Beardfish. One of the most unusual progressive music artists in Sweden has been avant-garde songstress iamamiwhoami.

Progg[edit]

During the 1970s, the progg (not to be confused with progressive rock) movement gained popularity. Progg, originally an abbreviation of "progressiv musik" ("progressive music"), was an umbrella term for much of the alternative music of this era. Some of those artists were progressive in a musical sense, such as Bo Hansson, Samla Mammas Manna and Träd, Gräs och Stenar. Others were progressive mainly in a political (usually left-wing) and lyrical sense, such as Nationalteatern, Blå Tåget and Hoola Bandoola Band.

Electronic music[edit]

Electronic music in Sweden has been heavily influenced by German electronic music^{[citation needed]}. The EDM act Swedish House Mafia with Steve Angello, Sebastian Ingrosso, and Axwell has topped house music charts and DJ top 10s around the world. In 2011, Avicii (Tim Bergling) was voted the 6th best DJ in the world in the Top 100 DJ poll. Other similar artists of note are John Dahlbäck, Manse, Eric Prydz, Nause, Albin Myers, the duo Dada Life, Galantis, Adrian Lux, Basshunter, Otto Knows, Alesso, Rebecca & Fiona, Cazzette, Jakob Liedholm, Sebjak, Aron Chupa, Icona Pop, Steerner, Will & Dan, Brohug and Tjernberg.

Singer and producer Robyn has long been one of Sweden's most prominent electropop acts. In the synth world, the band S.P.O.C.K has been active since the late 1980s. Secretive duo The Knife was highly rated among critics, and Sally Shapiro, is the pseudonym of producer Johan Agebjörn and a Swedish singer.

In the mid to late 2000s Swedish language Eurodance & Eurotrance dance music became internationally popular. In 2005, Basshunter became popular with his eurotrance dance songs, based on long standing themes set in mid to late 2000s computer centric culture. Little Dragon is also Swedish.

There are many techno producers from Sweden, though they are often better known internationally than within Sweden. There is even a special Swedish subgenre of techno, the best-known producer within this genre being Adam Beyer, head of the Drumcode label with notable artists such as Cari Lekebusch, Joel Mull, Henrik B, etc.

In addition, Sweden is one of the leading countries in the world when it comes to chiptunes, or bitpop. Chip music is music made to run on old game consoles and specialized PCs, like the Amiga, Commodore 64, or Game Boy.

Other notable acts include Slagsmålsklubben, Crazy Q, Coma, Covox, Dubmood, Goto80, Maktone, Random, Wintergatan, Zabutom, The Knife, Zeigeist and Machinae Supremacy.

Elektronmusikstudion (EMS), formerly known as Electroacoustic Music in Sweden, is the Swedish national centre for electronic music and sound art. The research organisation started in 1964 and is based in Stockholm.

See also[edit]

• List of Swedes in music
• Royal Swedish Academy of Music
• Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra
• Swedish Federation of Young Musicians
• Culture of Sweden
• Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Sweden.se/music — Sweden's official music room – A music player with contemporary Swedish music