Конвои Hi (ヒ) были пронумерованной серией торговых конвоев времен Второй мировой войны между Японией и Сингапуром . Торговые корабли из Модзи и Кайбекан из Сасебо сформировали идущие на юг конвои в заливе Имари для перевозки припасов для Бирманской кампании . Следующие на север конвои доставляли в Японию продукты питания, нефть и сырье из захваченных европейских колоний в Голландской Ост-Индии , Французском Индокитае и Британской Малайе и Бирме.. Эти конвои были инициированы в середине 1943 года для защиты быстрых и дорогостоящих танкеров и военных кораблей от торпед Mark 14 с повышенной эффективностью на подводных лодках Соединенных Штатов .
Маршрут конвоя проходил через Восточно-Китайское море , пролив Формоза и Южно-Китайское море . Суда часто присоединялись к конвоям или выходили из них в портах Формозы Такао и Килунг , на военно-морской базе Мако в Пескадорес и во вьетнамских портах на мысе Сен-Жак и залив Камрань . Некоторые конвои останавливались в Маниле до тех пор, пока фидерные конвои MATA и TAMA между MA nila и TA kao не позволили конвоям Hi избегать подводных волчьих стай Соединенных Штатов вЛусонский пролив , охватывающий азиатское побережье между Хайнанем и Шанхаем . [1]
Даты конвоя [ править ]
Число | Направление | Бухта Имари [2] | Сингапур [2] | Заметки |
---|---|---|---|---|
Привет-1 | юг | 10 июля 1943 г. | 19 июля 1943 г. | |
Привет-2 | к северу | 3 августа 1943 г. | 23 июля 1943 г. | |
Привет-3 | юг | 19 июля 1943 г. | 1 августа 1943 г. | Атакован авианосцем USS Sawfish 22 июля [3]. |
Привет-4 | к северу | 15 августа 1943 г. | 5 августа 1943 г. | |
Привет-5 | юг | 7 августа 1943 г. | 19 августа 1943 г. | |
Привет-6 | к северу | 3 сентября 1943 г. | 24 августа 1943 г. | |
Привет-7 | юг | 25 августа 1943 г. | 6 сентября 1943 г. | |
Привет-8 | к северу | 21 сентября 1943 г. | 11 сентября 1943 г. | |
Привет-9 | юг | 10 сентября 1943 г. | Прекращено 21 сентября 1943 года на мысе Сен-Жак. | |
Привет-10 | к северу | 9 октября 1943 г. | Возникла 28 сентября 1943 года на мысе Сен-Жак. | |
Hi-11 | South | 25 September 1943 | 4 October 1943 | |
Hi-12 | North | 21 October 1943 | 10 October 1943 | |
Hi-13 | South | 12 October 1943 | 30 October 1943 | |
Hi-14 | North | 16 November 1943 | 3 November 1943 | Attacked by USS Bluefish on 8 November[4] |
Hi-15 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-16 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-17 | South | 28 October 1943 | 11 November 1943 | |
Hi-18 | North | 28 November 1943 | 15 November 1943 | |
Hi-19 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-20 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-21 | South | 20 November 1943 | 14 December 1943 | |
Hi-22 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-23 | South | 1 December 1943 | 14 December 1943 | |
Hi-24 | North | 4 January 1944 | 19 December 1943 | |
Hi-25 | South | 11 December 1943 | 21 December 1943 | |
Hi-26 | North | 26 December 1943 | ||
Hi-27 | South | 21 December 1943 | 2 January 1944 | Attacked by USS Flying Fish on 27 December[5] |
Hi-28 | North | 17 January 1944 | 8 January 1944 | |
Hi-29 | South | 31 December 1943 | 15 January 1944 | |
Hi-30 | North | 12 February 1944 | 19 January 1944 | |
Hi-31 | South | 11 January 1944 | 20 January 1944 | |
Hi-32 | North | 4 February 1944 | 25 January 1944 | |
Hi-33 | South | 10 January 1944 | 23 January 1944 | |
Hi-34 | North | 10 February 1944 | 27 January 1944 | |
Hi-35 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-36 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-37 | South | 20 January 1944 | 29 January 1944 | |
Hi-38 | North | 13 February 1944 | 2 February 1944 | |
Hi-39 | South | 26 January 1944 | 9 February 1944 | |
Hi-40 | North | 13 February 1944 | Dispersed 24 February under attack by USS Jack and Grayback[6] | |
Hi-41 | South | 1 February 1944 | 11 February 1944 | |
Hi-42 | North | 28 February 1944 | 16 February 1944 | |
Hi-43 | South | 11 February 1944 | 3 March 1944 | |
Hi-44 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-45 | South | 16 February 1944 | 27 February 1944 | |
Hi-46 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-47 | South | 21 February 1944 | 5 March 1944 | Attacked by USS Bluefish on 4 March[7] |
Hi-48 | North | 25 March 1944 | 11 March 1944 | Attacked by USS Lapon on 18 March[8] |
Hi-49 | South | 23 February 1944 | 11 March 1944 | |
Hi-50 | North | 8 April 1944 | 15 March 1944 | |
Hi-51 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-52 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-53 | South | 8 March 1944 | 18 March 1944 | |
Hi-54 | North | 29 March 1944 | Merged with Hi-56 | |
Hi-55 | South | 19 March 1944 | 3 April 1944 | Attacked by USS Hake on 2 April[9] |
Hi-56 | North | 24 April 1944 | 8 April 1944 | Merged with Hi-54 |
Hi-57 | South | 3 April 1944 | 16 April 1944 | 1 April departure delayed by storm |
Hi-58 | North | 3 May 1944 | 21 April 1944 | Submarine USS Robalo seen by aircraft from Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyō and damaged by convoy escort 24 April 1944 |
Hi-59 | South | 20 April 1944 | Terminated 2 May 1944 at Manila | |
Hi-60 | Did not sail[2] | |||
Hi-61 | South | 3 May 1944 | 18 May 1944 | |
Hi-62 | North | 8 June 1944 | 23 May 1944 | |
Hi-63 | South | 13 May 1944 | 27 May 1944 | Attacked by USS Raton on 24 May[10] |
Hi-64 | North | 15 June 1944 | 6 June 1944 | |
Hi-65 | South | 29 May 1944 | 12 June 1944 | Attacked by USS Guitarro and Picuda on 2 June[11] |
Hi-66 | North | 26 June 1944 | 17 June 1944 | |
Hi-67 | South | 22 June 1944 | 9 July 1944 | Attacked by USS Bang on 29 June[12] |
Hi-68 | North | 3 August 1944 | 14 July 1944 | Attacked by USS Angler, Flasher and Crevalle on 26 July[13] |
Hi-69 | South | 13 July 1944 | 31 July 1944 | |
Hi-70 | North | 4 August 1944 | 15 August 1944 | |
Hi-71 | South | 8 August 1944 | 1 September 1944 | Attacked by USS Rasher, Spadefish, Redfish, Bluefish, Haddo and Harder[citation needed] |
Hi-72 | North | 28 September 1944 | 6 September 1944 | Attacked by USS Growler, Pampanito and Sealion on 12 September[14] |
Hi-73 | South | 25 August 1944 | 5 September 1944 | |
Hi-74 | North | 23 September 1944 | 11 September 1944 | Attacked by USS Barb on 16 September[15] |
Hi-75 | South | 8 September 1944 | 22 September 1944 | Attacked by USS Flasher on 18 September[16] |
Hi-76 | North | 26 October 1944 | 2 October 1944 | Hi-76A departed Singapore 12 October[2] |
Hi-77 | South | 1 October 1944 | 12 October 1944 | Attacked by USS Whale, Seahorse, Hawkbill and Baya on 6 and 7 October[17] |
Hi-78 | North | 2 November 1944 | 20 October 1944 | |
Hi-79 | South | 26 October 1944 | 9 November 1944 | Subsidiary Hi-79A formed on 6 November 1944[2] |
Hi-80 | North | 2 December 1944 | 17 November 1944 | |
Hi-81 | South | 14 November 1944 | 4 December 1944 | Attacked by USS Queenfish, Picuda and Spadefish on 15 and 17 November[18] |
Hi-82 | North | 9 January 1945 | 12 December 1944 | Attacked by USS Flasher on 22 December[19] |
Hi-83 | South | 25 November 1944 | 13 December 1944 | Attacked by USS Pipefish on 3 December[20] |
Hi-84 | North | 13 January 1945 | 26 December 1944 | |
Hi-85 | South | 19 December 1944 | Terminated 4 January 1945 at Cape Saint Jacques | |
Hi-86 | North | 10 February 1945 | Originated 9 January 1945 at Cape Saint Jacques; attacked by Task Force 38 on 12 January[21] | |
Hi-87 | South | 31 December 1944 | 23 January 1945 | Attacked by Task Force 38 on 16 January[22] |
Hi-88 | North | March 1945 | 20 January 1945 to 18 March 1945 | Sailed as ten independent small convoys;[2] Hi-88H attacked by USS Hammerhead on 23 February, and Hi-88I by USS Blenny and Baya on 20 and 21 March[23] |
Hi-89 | South | 24 January 1945 | 8 February 1945 | |
Hi-90 | North | 4 March 1945 | 15 February 1945 | |
Hi-91 | South | 26 January 1945 | 8 February 1945 | |
Hi-92 | North | 11 March 1945 | 18 February 1945 | Attacked by USS Hoe on 25 February[24] |
Hi-93 | South | 29 January 1945 | 12 February 1945 | |
Hi-94 | North | 14 March 1945 | 23 February 1945 | |
Hi-95 | South | 31 January 1945 | 14 February 1945 | |
Hi-96 | North | 22 February 1945 | 13 March 1945 | Attacked by USS Blenny on 27 February[24] |
Hi-97 | South | 7 February 1945 | 15 February 1945 | |
Hi-98 | North | 27 February 1945 | Single ship convoy Ryoei Maru sunk by USS Bashaw[25] |
Sources[edit]
- Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory. New York: J.B. Lippincott Company.
- Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Washington, D.C.: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-149-1.
Notes[edit]
- ^ Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander; Cundall, Peter. "KAIBOKAN!". Combined Fleet. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Hisendan". Nifty.com. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
- ^ Cressman, p.171
- ^ Cressman, p.192
- ^ Cressman, p.200
- ^ Cressman, p.214
- ^ Cressman, p.216
- ^ Cressman, p.218
- ^ Cressman, p.221
- ^ Cressman, p.230
- ^ Cressman, p.231
- ^ Cressman, p.238
- ^ Cressman, pp.243 & 244
- ^ Cressman, p.253
- ^ Cressman, p.255
- ^ Cressman, pp.255 & 256
- ^ Cressman, p.260
- ^ Cressman, pp.274 & 275
- ^ Cressman, p.282
- ^ Cressman, p.278
- ^ Cressman, p.288
- ^ Cressman, p.289
- ^ Cressman, pp.297 & 304
- ^ a b Cressman, p.298
- ^ Blair, p.821