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Портал современной истории
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Население мира , 10000 г. до н.э. - 2000 г. н.э. (вертикальная шкала численности населения логарифмическая)
История человечества , также известная как всемирная история , - это описание прошлого человечества. Он основан на археологии , антропологии , генетике , лингвистике и других дисциплинах; и для периодов, прошедших с момента изобретения письменности , - по зарегистрированной истории и вторичным источникам и исследованиям.
Письменной истории человечества предшествовала его предыстория , начиная с эры палеолита («старый каменный век»), за которой следовала эра неолита («новый каменный век»). Неолит увидел Сельскохозяйственная революция начала, между 10000 и 5000 до н.э. , в ближневосточной «s плодородного полумесяца . В этот период люди начали систематическое разведение растений и животных. По мере развития сельского хозяйства большинство людей перешли от кочевого образа жизни к оседлому образу жизни в качестве фермеров в постоянных поселениях.. Относительная безопасность и повышение производительности, обеспечиваемые сельским хозяйством, позволяли общинам расширяться во все более крупные единицы, чему способствовал прогресс в области транспорта .
Будь то в доисторические или исторические времена, людям всегда нужно было находиться рядом с надежными источниками питьевой воды . Расчеты разработаны еще как 4000 г. до н.э. в Иране , в Месопотамии , в долине реки Инд , на берегах Египта «s реки Нил , а также вдоль рек Китая . По мере развития земледелия зерновое земледелие становилось все более изощренным и вызвало разделение труда для хранения продуктов питания между сезонами выращивания. Разделение труда привело к появлению досугового высшего класса и развитию городов , которые послужили основой дляцивилизация . Растущая сложность человеческих обществ потребовала систем бухгалтерского учета и письма .
В период расцвета цивилизаций древняя история (« Античность », включая классическую эпоху , примерно до 500 г. н.э.) знала взлеты и падения империй. Постклассическая история (« Средние века », около 500–1500 гг. Н. Э.) Стала свидетелем подъема христианства , Золотого века ислама (около 750–1258 гг. Н. Э.), А также тимуридского и итальянского Возрождения (примерно с 1300 г. н.э.). Внедрение подвижной печати в Европе в середине 15 века произвело революцию в коммуникации и способствовало все более широкому распространению информации., ускорив конец средневековья и положив начало научной революции . Период раннего Нового времени , иногда называемый «европейским веком и веком исламских порохов », примерно с 1500 по 1800 год, включал в себя эпоху Просвещения и эпоху исследований . К 18 веку накопление знаний и технологий достигло критической массы, которая привела к промышленной революции и положила начало периоду позднего модерна , который начался около 1800 года и продолжается до настоящего времени.
Эта схема исторической периодизации (разделение истории на античный, постклассический, ранний современный и поздний современный периоды) была разработана для истории Старого Света , особенно Европы и Средиземноморья , и лучше всего применима к ней . За пределами этого региона, включая Древний Китай и Древнюю Индию , исторические хронологии складывались иначе. Однако к 18 веку из-за обширной мировой торговли и колонизации истории большинства цивилизаций существенно переплелись - процесс, известный как глобализация . В последней четверти тысячелетия темпы роста населениязнания, технологии, связь, торговля, разрушительное воздействие оружия и ухудшение состояния окружающей среды значительно ускорились, создав беспрецедентные возможности и опасности, с которыми сейчас сталкиваются человеческие сообщества планеты. ( Полная статья ... )
Избранные общие статьи
- Современная война - это война, которая заметно контрастирует с предыдущими военными концепциями, методами и технологиями , подчеркивая, как комбатанты должны модернизироваться, чтобы сохранить свою боеспособность. Таким образом, это развивающийся предмет, который в разное время и в разных местах воспринимается по-разному. В самом узком смысле это просто синоним современной войны .
В самом широком смысле он включает в себя все военные действия, начиная с «пороховой революции», которая знаменует собой начало современных войн , но вместо этого использовались другие важные военные разработки, в том числе акцент на артиллерии, отмеченный Крымской войной , военная опора на железные дорогиначиная с Гражданской войны в США , запуска первого дредноута в 1905 году или использования пулемета , самолета , танка или радио в Первой мировой войне . В других смыслах это связано с введением тотальной войны , промышленной войны , механизированной войны , ядерной войны , борьбы с повстанцами или (в последнее время) с ростом асимметричной войны, также известной как война четвертого поколения . ( Полная статья ... ) - A modern language is any human language that is currently in use. The term is used in language education to distinguish between languages which are used for day-to-day communication (such as French and German) and dead classical languages such as Latin and Classical Chinese, which are studied for their cultural or linguistic value. SIL Ethnologue defines a living language as "one that has at least one speaker for whom it is their first language" (see also Language § Linguistic diversity). (Full article...)
- Political boundaries at the beginning of year 1700
The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 (MDCCI) to December 31, 1800 (MDCCC). The term is often used to refer to the 1700s, the century between January 1, 1700 and December 31, 1799. During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American, French, and Haitian revolutions. During the century, slave trading and human trafficking expanded on a global scale. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures, including the structures and beliefs that supported the slave trade.
The period is also known as the "century of lights" or the "century of reason". In continental Europe, philosophers dreamed of a brighter age. For some, this dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789, though this was later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror. At first, many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals, but in the wake of the French Revolution they feared loss of power and formed broad coalitions for counter-revolution. (Full article...) - Literary modernism, or modernist literature, originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America, and is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional ways of writing, in both poetry and prose fiction writing. Modernism experimented with literary form and expression, as exemplified by Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new." This literary movement was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time. The horrors of the First World War saw the prevailing assumptions about society reassessed, and much modernist writing engages with the technological advances and societal changes of modernity moving into the 20th century. (Full article...)
- The Second Cold War, also called Cold War II or the New Cold War, is a term describing post-Cold-War era of political and military tensions between the United States and China and/or Russia. (Full article...)
- The Blue Marble, Earth as seen from Apollo 17 in December 1972. The second half of the 20th century saw humanity's first space exploration.
The 20th (twentieth) century began on
January 1, 1901 (MCMI), and ended on December 31, 2000 (MM). It was the tenth and final century of the 2nd millennium. The 20th century was dominated by significant events that defined the era: Spanish flu pandemic, World War I and World War II, nuclear weapons, nuclear power and space exploration, nationalism and decolonization, the Cold War and post-Cold War conflicts. (Full article...) - Clockwise from the top:* The road to Bapaume in the aftermath of the Battle of the Somme, 1916* British Mark V tanks crossing the Hindenburg Line, 1918* HMS Irresistible sinking after hitting a mine in the Dardanelles, 1915* A British Vickers machine gun crew wearing gas masks during the Battle of the Somme, 1916* German Albatros D.III biplane fighters near Douai, France, 1917
World War I or the First World War, often abbreviated as WWI or WW1, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously known as the Great War or "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It also was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated 8.5 million combatant deaths and 13 million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the related 1918 Spanish flu pandemic caused another 17–100 million deaths worldwide, including an estimated 2.64 million Spanish flu deaths in Europe and as many as 675,000 Spanish flu deaths in the United States.
On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist and member of the Serbian Black Hand military society, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia on 23 July. Serbia's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians, and the two moved to a war footing. A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe. By July 1914, the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions: the Triple Entente, consisting of France, Russia, and Britain; and the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The Triple Alliance was only defensive in nature, allowing Italy to stay out of the war until April 1915, when it joined the Allied Powers after its relations with Austria-Hungary deteriorated. Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia, and approved partial mobilisation after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade, which was a few kilometres from the border, on 28 July. Full Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July; the following day, Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same, while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within twelve hours. When Russia failed to comply, Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary, the latter following suit on 6 August; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August. In the end, World War I would see the continent of Europe split into two major opposing alliances; the Allied Powers, primarily composed of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland, the United States, France, the Russian Empire, Italy, Japan, Portugal, and the many aforementioned Balkan States such as Serbia and Montenegro; and the Central Powers, primarily composed of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. (Full article...) - Borders of NATO and Warsaw Pact states during the Cold War-era.
The Cold War was a period of ideological and geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, after World War II. Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but the period is generally considered to span the 1947 Truman Doctrine (12 March 1947) to the 1991 Dissolution of the Soviet Union (26 December 1991). The term "cold" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by the two powers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany in 1945. The doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD) discouraged a pre-emptive attack by either side. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events and technological competitions such as the Space Race.
The West was led by the United States as well as the other First World nations of the Western Bloc that were generally liberal democratic but tied to a network of authoritarian states, most of which were their former colonies. The East was led by the Soviet Union and its Communist Party, which had an influence across the Second World. The US government supported right-wing governments and uprisings across the world, while the Soviet government funded communist parties and revolutions around the world. As nearly all the colonial states achieved independence in the period 1945–1960, they became Third World battlefields in the Cold War. (Full article...) - Mughal emperor Aurangzeb
The 17th century was the century that lasted from January 1, 1601 (MDCI), to December 31, 1700 (MDCC). The term is often used to refer to the 1600s, the century between January 1, 1600, and December 31, 1699. It falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and in that continent (whose impact on the world was increasing) was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the latter part of the Spanish Golden Age, the Dutch Golden Age, the French Grand Siècle dominated by Louis XIV, the Scientific Revolution, the world's first public company and megacorporation known as the Dutch East India Company, and according to some historians, the General Crisis. The greatest military conflicts were the Thirty Years' War, the Great Turkish War, Mughal–Safavid Wars (Mughal–Safavid War (1622–23), Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53)), Anglo-Mughal Indian War, and the Dutch–Portuguese War. It was during this period also that European colonization of the Americas began in earnest, including the exploitation of the silver deposits, which resulted in bouts of inflation as wealth was drawn into Europe.
In the Islamic world, the gunpowder empires – the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal – grew in strength.
Especially in the Indian subcontinent, Mughal architecture, culture and art reached its zenith, while the empire itself, during the sharia reign of Emperor Aurangzeb, is believed to have had the world's largest economy, bigger than the entirety of Western Europe and worth 25% of global GDP, and its wealthiest province, the Bengal Subah, signaled the period of proto-industrialization. (Full article...) - Antoine-Jean Gros, Surrender of Madrid, 1808. Napoleon enters Spain's capital during the Peninsular War, 1810.
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on January 1, 1801 (MDCCCI), and ended on December 31, 1900 (MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium.
The 19th century saw much social change; slavery was abolished, and the First and Second Industrial Revolutions (which also overlap with the 18th and 20th centuries, respectively) led to massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit and prosperity. The Islamic gunpowder empires were formally dissolved and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. (Full article...) - Modern philosophy is philosophy developed in the modern era and associated with modernity. It is not a specific doctrine or school (and thus should not be confused with Modernism), although there are certain assumptions common to much of it, which helps to distinguish it from earlier philosophy.
The 17th and early 20th centuries roughly mark the beginning and the end of modern philosophy. How much of the Renaissance should be included is a matter for dispute; likewise modernity may or may not have ended in the twentieth century and been replaced by postmodernity. How one decides these questions will determine the scope of one's use of the term "modern philosophy." (Full article...) - The world map by the Italian Amerigo Vespucci (from whose name the word America is derived) and Belgian Gerardus Mercator shows (besides the classical continents Europe, Africa, and Asia) the Americas as America sive India Nova, New Guinea, and other islands of Southeast Asia, as well as a hypothetical Arctic continent and a yet undetermined Terra Australis.
The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 (MDI) and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (MDC) (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The term is often used to refer to the 1500s, the century between January 1, 1500 and December 31, 1599.
The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century in which the rise of Western civilization and the Age of the Islamic Gunpowders occurred. The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric universe, which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of the 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova. These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion of the new sciences, invented the first thermometer and made substantial contributions in the fields of physics and astronomy, becoming a major figure in the Scientific Revolution. (Full article...)
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. In a state of total war, directly involving more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries, the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, including the strategic bombing of population centres, and, with the development of nuclear weapons, the only two uses of such in war. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in 70 to 85 million fatalities, with more civilians than military personnel killed. Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of the war, Germany and Japan were occupied, and war crimes tribunals were conducted against German and Japanese leaders.
World War II is generally considered to have begun on 1 September 1939, when Nazi Germany, under Adolf Hitler, invaded Poland. The United Kingdom and France subsequently declared war on the 3rd. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland and marked out their "spheres of influence" across Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan (along with other countries later on). Following the onset of campaigns in North Africa and East Africa, and the fall of France in mid-1940, the war continued primarily between the European Axis powers and the British Empire, with war in the Balkans, the aerial Battle of Britain, the Blitz of the UK, and the Battle of the Atlantic. On 22 June 1941, Germany led the European Axis powers in an invasion of the Soviet Union, opening the Eastern Front, the largest land theatre of war in history and trapping the Axis powers, crucially the German Wehrmacht, in a war of attrition. (Full article...)- Europe depicted by Antwerp cartographer Abraham Ortelius in 1595
The history of Europe concerns itself with the discovery and collection, the study, organization and presentation and the interpretation of past events and affairs of the people of Europe since the beginning of written records. During the Neolithic era and the time of the Indo-European migrations, Europe saw human inflows from east and southeast and subsequent important cultural and material exchange. The period known as classical antiquity began with the emergence of the city-states of ancient Greece. Later, the Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin. The fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476 traditionally marks the start of the Middle Ages. Beginning in the 14th century a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology. Simultaneously, the Protestant Reformation set up Protestant churches primarily in Germany, Scandinavia and England. After 1800, the Industrial Revolution brought prosperity to Britain and Western Europe. The main European powers set up colonies in most of the Americas and Africa, and parts of Asia. In the 20th century, World War I and World War II resulted in massive numbers of deaths. The Cold War dominated European geo-politics from 1947 to 1989. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, the European countries grew together. (Full article...)
The New-York Tribune printed this map on November 9, 1919, of the armed conflicts in Central and Eastern Europe in 1919, one year after World War I had ended:
In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War on 11 November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War on 1 September 1939.
Despite the relatively short period of time, the period represented an era of significant changes worldwide. Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation expanded dramatically leading to the Roaring Twenties, a period of economic prosperity and growth for the middle class in North America, Europe, Asia and many other parts of the world. Automobiles, electric lighting, radio broadcasts and more became common among populations in the developed world. The indulgences of the era subsequently were followed by the Great Depression, an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn that severely damaged many of the world's largest economies. (Full article...)- A Japanese depiction of a Portuguese trading carrack. Advances in shipbuilding technology during the Late Middle Ages would pave the way for the global European presence characteristic of the early modern period.
The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era. Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate, the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the post-classical age (c. 1400–1500), known as the Middle Ages, through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions (c. 1800) and is variously demarcated by historians as beginning with the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the Renaissance period in Europe and Timurid Central Asia, the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, and the end of the Reconquista and the Age of Discovery (especially the voyages of Christopher Columbus beginning in 1492 but also with Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India in 1498) and ending around the French Revolution in 1789.
Historians in recent decades have argued that from a worldwide standpoint, the most important feature of the early modern period was its spreading globalizing character. New economies and institutions emerged, becoming more sophisticated and globally articulated over the course of the period. This process began in the medieval North Italian city-states, particularly Genoa, Venice, and Milan in the west, and in India's Bengal in the east. The early modern period also included the rise of the dominance of the economic theory of mercantilism. (Full article...) - The 21st (twenty-first) century is the current century in the Anno Domini era or Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001 (MMI), and will end on December 31, 2100 (MMC). The 21st century is the first century of the 3rd millennium.
The beginning of the 21st century has been marked by the rise of a global economy and Third World consumerism, deepening global concern over terrorism and an increase in private enterprise. Effects of global warming and rising sea levels have continued, with eight islands disappearing between 2007 and 2014. The Arab Spring of the early 2010s led to mixed outcomes in the Arab world, resulting in several civil wars and governments overthrown.
The United States has remained the global superpower, while China is now considered as an emerging global superpower. (Full article...) - French Napoleonic artillery during the Battle of Austerlitz (1805).
Modern reenactment is historical reenactment of events of the modern period, most commonly events from the 18th century to the present.
The period starts with events such as the Seven Years' War, the Napoleonic Wars, and the peak of the Royal Navy's power. (Full article...) - Fin de siècle (French: [fɛ̃ də sjɛkl]) is a French term meaning "end of century", a term which typically encompasses both the meaning of the similar English idiom turn of the century and also makes reference to the closing of one era and onset of another. The term is typically used to refer to the end of the 19th century. This period was widely thought to be a period of degeneracy, but at the same time a period of hope for a new beginning. The "spirit" of fin de siècle often refers to the cultural hallmarks that were recognized as prominent in the 1880s and 1890s, including ennui, cynicism, pessimism, and "...a widespread belief that civilization leads to decadence."
The term "fin de siècle" is commonly applied to French art and artists, as the traits of the culture first appeared there, but the movement affected many European countries. The term becomes applicable to the sentiments and traits associated with the culture, as opposed to focusing solely on the movement's initial recognition in France. The ideas and concerns developed by fin de siècle artists provided the impetus for movements such as symbolism and modernism. (Full article...) - In many periodizations of human history, the late modern period followed the early modern period. It began approximately in the mid-18th century and depending on the author either ended with the beginning of contemporary history after World War II, or includes that period up to the present day. Notable historical milestones included the American Revolution, the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Great Divergence, and the Russian Revolution. It took all of human history up to 1804 for the world's population to reach 1 billion; the next billion came just over a century later, in 1927. (Full article...)
- Contemporary history, in English-language historiography, is a subset of modern history that describes the historical period from approximately 1945 to the present. Contemporary history is either a subset of the late modern period, or it is one of the three major subsets of modern history, alongside the early modern period and the late modern period. The term contemporary history has been in use at least since the early 19th century.
Contemporary history is politically dominated by the Cold War (1945–1991) between the United States and the Soviet Union whose effects were felt across the world. The confrontation, which was mainly fought through proxy wars and through intervention in the internal politics of smaller nations, ultimately ended with the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact in 1991, following the Revolutions of 1989. The latter stages and aftermath of the Cold War enabled the democratisation of much of Europe, Africa, and Latin America. In the Middle East, the period after 1945 was dominated by conflict involving the new state of Israel and the rise of petroleum politics, as well as the growth of Islamism after the 1980s. The first supranational organisations of government, such as the United Nations and European Union, emerged during the period after 1945, while the European colonial empires in Africa and Asia collapsed, gone by 1975. Countercultures rose and the sexual revolution transformed social relations in western countries between the 1960s and 1980s, epitomised by the Protests of 1968. Living standards rose sharply across the developed world because of the post-war economic boom, whereby such major economies as Japan and West Germany emerged. The culture of the United States, especially consumerism, spread widely. By the 1960s, many western countries had begun deindustrializing; in their place, globalization led to the emergence of new industrial centres, such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and later China, which exported consumer goods to developed countries. (Full article...) - Contemporary archaeology is a field of archaeological research that focuses on the most recent (20th and 21st century) past, and also increasingly explores the application of archaeological thinking to the contemporary world. It has also been referred to as the archaeology of the 'contemporary past'. The use of this term in the United Kingdom is particularly associated with the Contemporary and Historical Archaeology in Theory (CHAT) conference group. The field forms part of historical archaeology, or the archaeology of the modern period. Unlike ethnoarchaeology, contemporary archaeology studies the recent and contemporary past in its own right, rather than to develop models that can inform the study of the more distant past. (Full article...)
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Общие изображения
Пантеон в Риме , Италия , первоначально римский храм , теперь католическая церковь
Парфенон , Афинская империя
Собор Святой Софии , Стамбул (бывший Константинополь ), Турция
Библия Гутенберга , ок. 1450, выпускается передвижным типом
Население мира , 10000 г. до н.э. - 2000 г. н.э. (вертикальная шкала численности населения логарифмическая)
Watt «S паровой двигатель работает в промышленной революции .
Империи , 1898 г.
Войска армии США в провинции Кунар
Мировое распределение богатства и населения в 2000 г.
Текст пирамиды , пирамида Унаса , Саккара , Египет , 24 век до н.э.
Секция династии Мин , Великая Китайская стена
Персеполис , империя Ахеменидов , VI век до н.э.
Моаи , Рапа-Нуи (остров Пасхи)
Битва во время монгольского вторжения в Японию в 1281 году
Мирные жители (здесь Mỹ Lai , Вьетнам , 1968) сильно пострадали в войнах 20-го века.
Наскальная живопись, Ласко, Франция , ок. 15000 г. до н. Э.
Траншейная война Первой мировой войны
Леонардо да Винчи «s Витрувианский человек (с. 1490), Ренессанс Италия
Атомные бомбардировки : Хиросима , Нагасаки , 1945 г.
Заключенный быть подвергнут пыткам в тюрьме Абу - Грейб
Столб возведена Индии «S Маурьев династии император Ашока
Мачу-Пикчу , Империя инков , Перу
Великие пирамиды Гизы , Египет
Будда
Колонна Траяна , Рим
" Венера Вилленсдорфская ", Австрия, ок. 26 500 г. до н. Э.
Китай быстро урбанизировался в 21 веке (на фото Шанхай ).
Сократ
Монументальная клинопись надпись , Шумер , Месопотамия , 26 - ого столетия до н.э.
Терракотовая армия , Китай , c. 210 г. до н. Э.
Последняя посадка на Луну: Аполлон-17 (1972)
Храм Ченнакесава , Белур , Индия
Обелиск Аксум , Эфиопия
Храм Ангкор-Ват , Камбоджа , начало 12 века
Великая мечеть Кайруан , Тунис , основана в 670 г. н.э.
Базилика Святого Петра , Ватикан
Карта мира 1570 года , показывающая открытия европейцев
Горит Всемирный торговый центр и Статуя Свободы .
Латунь « Бенинская бронза », Нигерия.
Фреска , Кнос , Минойский Крит
Университет Тимбукту , Мали
Обсерватория майя , Чичен-Ица , Мексика
Визуализация различных маршрутов через часть Интернета. Частичная карта интернета за 2005 год.
Тадж-Махал , Империя Великих Моголов , Индия
Братья Райт построили и управляли первым самолетом, Райт Флайер , в 1903 году.
Крестоносец Крак де Шевалье , Сирия
Страны по темпам роста реального ВВП в 2014 году (страны, отмеченные коричневым цветом, находились в состоянии рецессии).
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