В настоящее время на Гаити нет действующих железных дорог , и никогда не было железнодорожного сообщения с соседней Доминиканской Республикой . Однако с 1876 по 1970-е годы в стране курсировали различные трамвайные и железные дороги. В период с 1897 по 1932 год в столице страны Порт-о-Пренсе действовала трамвайная сеть . [1] Три железнодорожные линии вместе с некоторыми промышленными линиями составляли национальную железнодорожную сеть Гаити. Первый уличный трамвай, запряженный лошадьми, открылся в 1876 году, а сельские железные дороги были построены позже.
Конные трамваи
В 1876 году группа финансистов Нью-Йорка получила право на строительство уличной железной дороги в Порт-о-Пренсе . Они основали Compagnie des Chemins de Fer de Port-au-Prince (CCFPP). Шесть открытых вагонов были заказаны у компании JG Brill and Company из Филадельфии в 1877 году, а трамвайное сообщение, соединяющее Croix des Bossales с Champ de Mars, началось в 1878 году. Предприятие изначально было успешным, но ему мешала конкуренция со стороны автобусов с 1880 года. банкротство в 1885 году, и последний трамвай ехал в 1888 году. [1]
Паровая железная дорога
In 1896, the Comite des Negociants d'Haiti (Haitian Trader's Committee) began to restore the closed horse tramway system and to build two new rural lines. A new company, Societe des Tramways de Port-au-Prince, ordered the following equipment:
- One 8-ton steam locomotive from H. K. Porter, United States (named President Sam)
- Five 12-ton steam locomotives from Krauss, Germany
- Three steam locomotives from Ateliers de Tubize, Belgium
- Ten open passenger cars from the Jackson and Sharp Company, USA
Port-au-Prince
Steam-hauled tram services in Port-au-Prince began in April 1897. Between 1912 and 1918, there were plans to electrify the system, but these did not come to fruition. Instead, a small railcar, based on automobile parts, was introduced. This iteration of the tramway closed in 1932.
Rural lines
The rural lines were operated by a separate company, Compagnie des Chemins de Fer de la Plaine du Cul-de-Sac (CCFPCS), but the two companies shared their rolling stock. The track gauge, in both cases, was 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge. There were two routes:
- Port-au-Prince to Léogâne (36 km)
- Port-au-Prince to Manneville (43 km)
Following the US occupation of Haiti in 1915, the CCFPCS was taken over by the Haitian American Sugar Company (Hasco) and renamed Chemin de Fer Central. Hasco used the following locomotives:[2]
These might possibly be the three locomotives from Ateliers de Tubize (see above) or they might be new locomotives. The 0-4-0 carries the note "Cie.H.Duw. 2" but whether this is the name of the maker, or of a previous owner, is unclear.[original research?]
Saint-Marc line
In 1905, a new company, Compagnie Nationale, built a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) narrow gauge steam railway from Port-au-Prince to Saint-Marc (100 km). The track was later extended another 30 km east to Verrettes. There was also a line from Cap-Haïtien[3] to Bahon, but it is unclear whether this connected with the Saint-Marc line and whether they were of the same gauge.
Промышленные железные дороги
As well as the passenger-carrying railways, there were also industrial railways serving coffee and sugar plantations.[citation needed]
Закрытие
By the mid-1950s, two public-service railways totalling 187 mi (301 km) remained operating.[4] All the railways are now closed.
Смотрите также
- History of Haiti
- History of rail transport by country
Рекомендации
- ^ a b "THE TRAMWAYS OF HAITI". www.tramz.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ^ "HASCO steam locomotives". orion.math.iastate.edu. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2020-06-05.
- ^ "Archived copy". PostcardMan.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-01-26. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Sampson, H. (Editor) The Dumpy Book of Railways of the World, page 182, Sampson Low, London, c.1956
Внешние ссылки
Media related to Rail transport in Haiti at Wikimedia Commons