Английский экзонит это имя на английском языке за место (а топоним ), или иногда других термины, которые не следует местному использованию (The эндонима ). Экзонимы и эндонимы являются особенностями всех языков, и другие языки могут иметь свой собственный экзоним для английских эндонимов, например, Llundain - это валлийский экзоним английского эндонима «Лондон».
Романизация или транскрипция эндонимов , не относящихся к латинскому алфавиту, в латинский алфавит, как правило, не рассматривается как создание экзонимов; «Применение любой научно обоснованной системы латинизации к неримскому эндониму просто воссоздает этот оригинальный эндоним в другой законной форме» (Päll, 2002). [1] [2] Однако старые системы латинизации могут оставить в наследство «знакомые» варианты написания, как, например, в случае латинизации бирманского языка . [3] Это влияет на латинизацию арабского , китайского и многих других географических названий, не использующих латинский алфавит.
В этом разделе перечислены англоязычные экзонимы, относящиеся к местам, расположенным в нескольких странах, английские названия стран и типичные шаблоны.
Страны и территории [ править ]
Ниже приводится список стран и территорий, названия которых на местных языках отличаются от их (неместных) английских названий. В список входят страны с ограниченным признанием, автономные территории суверенных стран и полностью суверенные страны.
Country names are listed in their short form, and do not include names spelled identically in English. Near-identical names in pronunciation or spelling are included, but countries named with non-proper nouns (like Central African Republic or United Arab Emirates) are not.
The languages listed are official languages and/ or prominent local languages, except if the name for the associated country is spelled the same as in English. Languages in italics are no longer spoken in the given country, but the name listed retains some use.
Likewise, exonyms in italics are obsolete or are disputed.
Countries and territories
English name
Endonym
Language
Notes
Abkhazia
Aṗsny (Аԥсны)
Abkhaz
Abkhaziya
Russian
Afghanistan
Afġānestān (افغانستان)
Dari
Afġānistān (افغانستان)
Pashto
Albania
Shqipëri(a)
Standard Albanian
Shqipyni(a)
Gheg Albanian
Algeria
Al-Dzāyīr (الدزاير)
Maghrebi Arabic
Al-Jazā'ir (الجزائر)
Standard Arabic
Armenia
Hayastan (Հայաստան)
Armenian
Austria
Österreich
Standard German
Azerbaijan
Azərbaycan
Azeri
Bahrain
Al-Baḥrayn (البحرين)
Standard Arabic
Bangladesh
বাংলাদেশ (Bangladesh)
bengali language
Belgium
België
Dutch
Belgien
Standard German
Belgique
French
Bhutan
Druk Yul (འབྲུག་ཡུལ་)
Dzongkha
Bolivia
Mborivia
Guarani
Puliwya
Quechua
Wuliwya
Aymara
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)
Bosnian
Brazil
Brasil
Portuguese
Bulgaria
Balgariya (България)
Bulgarian
Burkina Faso
Burkĩna Faso
Mossi
Burundi
Uburundi
Kirundi
Cambodia
Kampuciə (កម្ពុជា)
Khmer
Cameroon
Cameroun
French
Kamerun
Fula
Cape Verde
Cabo Verde
Portuguese
Kabu Verdi
Cape Verdean Creole
Chile
Chili
Aymara
Chli
Mapudungun
Chili
Quechua
Tire
Rapa Nui
China
Zhōngguó (中国)
Mandarin
Comoros
Comores
French
Juzur Al-Qamar (جزر القمر,)
Standard Arabic
Komori
Comorian
Congo-Brazzaville
Kongó
Lingala
Kôngo-Balazvile
Kongo
Congo-Kinshasa
Kongo
Luba-Katanga
Kongó-Kinsásá
Lingala
Kôngo
Kongo
Kongu
Swahili
Cook Islands
Kūki 'Āirani
Cook Islands Maori
Croatia
Hrvatska
Croatian
Cyprus
Kıbrıs
Turkish
Kýpros (Κύπρος)
Greek
Czechia
Česko
Czech
Denmark
Danmark
Danish
Djibouti
Jabuuti
Somali
Jībūtī (جيبوتي)
Standard Arabic
Yibuuti
Afar
Dominica
Dominique
French
Wai'tu kubuli
Island Carib
East Timor
Timor-Leste
Portuguese
Timór Lorosa'e
Tetum
Ecuador
Ekuatur
Shuar
Ikwayur
Quechua
Egypt
Maṣr (مَصر)
Egyptian Arabic
Miṣr (مِصر)
Standard Arabic
Estonia
Eesti
Estonian
Ethiopia
Itiyoophiyaa
Afar
Itoobiya
Somali
Itoophiyaa
Oromo
ʾĪtyōṗṗyā (ኢትዮጵያ)
Amharic
Tigrinya
Finland
Suomi
Finnish
Fiji
Fijī (फ़िजी)
Fiji Hindi
Viti
Fijian
Gambia
Gámbi
Wolof
Kambiya
Mandinka
Georgia
Sakartvelo (საქართველო)
Georgian
Germany
Deutschland
Standard German
Greece
Elládha (Ελλάδα)
Greek
Grenada
La Gwenad
Grenadian Creole
Guinea-Bissau
Guiné-Bissau
Portuguese
Guinea-Conakry
Ginea-Conakry
Fula
Guinée-Conakry
French
Haiti
Ayiti
Haitian Creole
Haïti
French
Hungary
Magyarország
Hungarian
Iceland
Ísland
Icelandic
India
Bhaaratham (ഭാരതം)
Malayalam
Bhārat (भारत)
Dogri
Hindi
Maithili
Nepali
Bhārat (ભારત)
Gujarati
Bhārat (بًارت\ भारत)
Kashmiri
Bhārat (بھارت \ਭਾਰਤ)
Punjabi
Bhārat (ڀارت\ भारत)
Sindhi
Bhārat (بھارت)
Urdu
Bhārata (ಭಾರತ)
Kannada
Bhāratam (भारतम्)
Sanskrit
Bhārathadeśaṁ (భారతదేశం)
Telugu
Bhāratham (பாரதம்)
Tamil
Bharot (भारत)
Konkani
Bhārot (ভারত)
Bengali
Bhārôt (ভাৰত)
Assamese
Meitei
Bhārôt (भारत)
Bodo
Bhārôtô (ଭାରତ)
Odia
Siñôt (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)
Santali
Iran
Irān (ایران)
Persian
Iraq
Al-'Irāq (اَلْعِرَاق)
Standard Arabic
Êraq (عێراق)
Kurdish
Ireland
Éire
Irish
Israel
Isrā'īl (إِسْرَائِيل)
Standard Arabic
Yisraél (ישראל)
Hebrew
Italy
Italia
Standard Italian
Ivory Coast
Côte d'Ivoire
French
Japan
Nihon/ Nippon (日本)
Japanese
Jordan
Al-'Urdunn (الأردن)
Standard Arabic
Kazakhstan
Qazaqstan (Қазақстан)
Kazakh
Kosovo
Kosovë
Albanian
Kuwait
Al-Kuwait (الكويت)
Standard Arabic
il-Ikwēt (الكويت)
Gulf Arabic
Kyrgyzstan
Kırǧızstan (Кыргызстан)
Kyrgyz
Laos
Lāo (ລາວ)
Lao
Latvia
Latvija
Latvian
Lețmō
Livonian
Lebanon
Libnēn (لبنان)
Levantine Arabic
Lubnān (لبنان)
Standard Arabic
Libya
Lībiyā (ليبيا)
Standard Arabic
Lithuania
Lietuva
Lithuanian
Luxembourg
Lëtzebuerg
Luxembourgish
Luxemburg
Standard German
Madagascar
Madagasikara
Malagasy
Malawi
Malaŵi
Chewa
Tumbuka
Maldives
Dhivehi Raajje (ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ )
Dhivehi
Marshall Islands
Aorōkin M̧ajeļ
Marshallese
Mauritania
Agawej
Berber
Cengiṭ
Berber
Gànnaar
Wolof
Mauritanie
French
Moritani
Pulaar
Mūrītānyā (موريتانيا)
Standard Arabic
Murutaane
Soninke
Mauritius
Maurice
French
Moris
Mauritian Creole
Mexico
México
Spanish
Mēxihco
Nawatl
Monaco
Mónegue
Occitan
Mùnegu
Ligurian
Mongolia
Mongol Uls (Монгол Улс)
Mongolian
Montenegro
Crna Gora (Црна Гора)
Montenegrin
Morocco
Al-Maġrib (المغرب)
Standard Arabic
lmeɣrib (ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ)
Standard Moroccan Tamazight
Maroc
French
Mozambique
Moçambique
Portuguese
Msumbiji
Swahili
Mozambiki
Chewa
Muzambhiki
Tsonga
Myanmar
Myǎma (မြန်မာ)
Burmese
Namibia
Namibië
Afrikaans
Nauru
Naoero
Nauruan
Nepal
Nepāl (नेपाल)
Nepali
Netherlands
der Nederlanden
Dutch
New Zealand
Aotearoa
Maori
Nigeria
Naìjíríyà
Igbo
Naìjíríyà
Yoruba
Najeriya
Hausa
Niue
Niuē
Niuean
North Korea
Chosǒn (조선)
Korean
North Macedonia
Maqedonia e Veriut
Albanian
Severna Makedonija (Северна Македонија)
Macedonian
Norway
Nöörja
Southern Sami
Noreg/ Norge
Norwegian
Spelled differently according to different written standards
Norga
Northern Sami
Vuodna
Lule Sami
Oman
'Umān (عمان)
Standard Arabic
Pakistan
Pākistān (پاکِستان)
Urdu
Palau
Belau
Palauan
Parao (パラオ)
Japanese
Palestine
Filasṭīn (فلسطين)
Standard Arabic
Panama
Panamá
Spanish
Papua New Guinea
Papua Niu Gini
Hiri Motu
Papua Niugini
Tok Pisin
Paraguay
Paraguái
Guarani
Paraguay
Spanish
Peru
Perú
Spanish
Piruw
Aymara
Quechua
Philippines
Pilipinas
Tagalog
Poland
Polska
Polish
Qatar
Giṭar (قطر)
Gulf Arabic
Qaṭar (قطر)
Standard Arabic
Romania
România
Romanian
Russia
Rossíya (Росси́я)
Russian
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Christopher and Nevis
English
Samoa
Sāmoa
Samoan
Saudi Arabia
as-Sa'ūdīyah (ٱلسَّعُوْدِيَّة)
Standard Arabic
Senegal
Senegaal
Wolof
Sénégal
French
Serbia
Srbija
Serbian
Seychelles
Sesel
Seychellois Creole
Singapore
Ciṅkappūr (சிங்கப்பூர்)
Tamil
Singapura
Malay
Xīnjiāpō (新加坡)
Mandarin
Slovakia
Slovensko
Slovak
Slovenia
Slovenija
Slovene
Somalia
aṣ-Ṣūmāl (الصومال)
Standard Arabic
Soomaaliya
Somali
Somaliland
Ṣūmālīlānd (صوماليلاند)
Standard Arabic
South Korea
Hanguk (한국)
Korean
South Sudan
Paguot Thudän
Dinka
South Ossetia
Alaniya (Алания)
Russian
Allonston (Аллонстон)
Ossetian
Spain
Espainia
Basque
España
Galician
Spanish
Espanha
Occitan
Espanya
Catalan
Sri Lanka
Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)
Tamil
Śrī Laṁkā (ශ්රී ලංකා)
Sinhala
Sudan
as-Sūdān (السودان)
Standard Arabic
Sweden
Sverige
Swedish
Switzerland
Helvetia
Latin
Schweiz
Standard German
Suisse
French
Svizra
Romansh
Svizzera
Standard Italian
Syria
Sūriyā (سوريا)
Standard Arabic
Taiwan
Tâiuân (臺灣)
Hokkien
Tāiwán (臺灣)
Mandarin
Taywan
Amis
Tǒivǎn (臺灣)
Hakka
Tajikistan
Tojikiston (Тоҷикистон)
Tajik
Transnistria
Nistrenia (Нистрения)
Romanian
Pridnestrovye (Приднестровье)
Russian
Prydnistrovya (Придністров'я)
Ukrainian
Tunisia
Tunest
Berber
Tunisie
French
Tūnis (تونس)
Standard Arabic
Turkey
Türkiye
Turkish
Turkmenistan
Türkmenistan
Turkmen
Uganda
Yuganda
Luganda
Ukraine
Ukrajina (Україна)
Ukrainian
Uzbekistan
Oʻzbekiston
Uzbek
Vatican City
Stato della Città del Vaticano
Standard Italian
Status Civitatis Vaticanae
Latin
Vietnam
Việt Nam
Vietnamese
Yemen
Al-Yaman (اَلْيَمَنُ)
Standard Arabic
Specific countries[edit]
Albania[edit]
Albania Shqipëria
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Tirana
Tiranë
Albanian
Tirana is Albanian for "the Tirana"
Algeria[edit]
Algeria Al-Jazā'ir (الجزاٮُر)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Algiers
Al-Jazā'ir (الجِزائر)
Standard Arabic
Constantine
Qusanṭīnah (قسنطينة)
Standard Arabic
Oran
Wahrān (وَهران)
Standard Arabic
Armenia[edit]
Armenia Hayastan (Հայաստան)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Yerevan
Erevan (Երևան/ Երեւան)
Armenian
Armenian place pronounced like English name
Australia[edit]
Several places in Australia have additional names in various Aboriginal languages.
Australia
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Ayers Rock
Uluru
Pitjantjatjara
Dated
Rose Hill
Parramatta
Dharug
Archaic
Tasmania
Lutruwita
Nuenonne / Palawa kani
Austria[edit]
See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms
Austria Österreich
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Ammergau Alps
Ammergebirge[4]
German
Bavarian Prealps
Bayerische Voralpen[4]
German
Brenner Pass
Brennerpass[4]
German
Carinthia
Kärnten[5][4]
German
Carpathian Basin
Karpatenbecken[4]
German
Danube river
Donau[5]
German
Drava
Drau[4]
German
Drave
Drau[4]
German
Dated
Lake Constance
Bodensee[5][4]
German
Northern Limestone Alps
Nördliche Kalkalpen[4]
German
Southern Limestone Alps
Südliche Kalkalpen[4]
German
Styria
Steiermark[5][4]
German
Tyrol
Tirol[4]
German
Vienna
Wien[5]
German
Wetterstein
Wettersteingebirge[4]
German
Azerbaijan[edit]
Azerbaijan Azərbaycan
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Baku
Bakı
Azeri
Barda
Bərdə
Azeri
Caucasus
Qafqaz
Azeri
Ganja
Gəncə
Azeri
Lachin
Laçın
Azeri
Sumgait
Sumqayıt
Azeri
Belgium[edit]
Historically, English borrowed French names for many places in Dutch-speaking areas of Belgium. With a few exceptions this practice is no longer followed by most sources.[6]
Belgium België/ Belgique
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Antwerp
Antwerpen
Dutch
Bruges
Brugge
Dutch
French name
Brussels
Brussel
Dutch
Bruxelles
French
Courtrai
Kortrijk
Dutch
Archaic, French name
Filford
Vilvoorde
Dutch
Archaic
Flanders
Vlaanderen
Dutch
Gaunt
Gent
Dutch
Archaic
Ghent
Gent
Dutch
Louvain
Leuven
Dutch
Archaic, French name
Mechlin
Mechelen
Dutch
Archaic
Ostend
Oostende
Dutch
Wallonia
Wallonie
French
Ypres
Ieper
Dutch
French name
Bosnia & Herzegovina[edit]
Bosnia & Herzegovina Bosna & Hercegovina (Босна & Херцеговина)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bosnia
Bosna (Босна)
Bosnian
Herzegovina
Hercegovina (Херцеговина)
Bosnian
German spelling, English name pronounced the same
Bulgaria[edit]
Bulgaria Balgariya (България)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Balkan Mountains
Stara Planina (Стара Планина)
Bulgarian
Danube river
Dunav (Дунав)
Bulgarian
Philippopolis
Plovdiv (Пловдив)
Bulgarian
Archaic
Rhodope Mountains
Rodopi (Родопи)
Bulgarian
Sofia
Sofiya (София)
Bulgarian
Southern Dobruja
Dobrudzha (Добруджа)
Bulgarian
Bulgarian half of former Dobruja region
Thrace
Trakiya (Тракия)
Bulgarian
Canada[edit]
Numerous places in the predominantly French speaking province of Quebec have historically had English exonyms; in most cases, the exonym was a straight translation of the place's French name, with only one major city which ever had an English exonym that was entirely different from its original French name. With a few exceptions, such as Quebec City, these are no longer widely used. Exonyms are also commonly seen in regards to First Nations and Inuit peoples and communities; although government and media sources have evolved in recent years toward using these places' native endonyms, common usage may still favour the older exonyms.
Canada
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Arctic Red River
Tsiigehtchic
Gwich'in
Archaic
Big Trout Lake
Kitchenuhmaykoosib
Oji-Cree
Cambridge Bay
Iqaluktuuttiaq
Inuinnaqtun
Chesterfield Inlet
Igluligaarjuk (ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒑᕐᔪᒃ)
Inuktitut
Fort Franklin
Délįnę
Sahtu
Archaic
Fort Hope
Eabametoong
Ojibwe
Fort Norman
Tulita
Sahtu
Archaic
Fraserville
Rivière-du-Loup
French
Archaic
Frobisher Bay
Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ)
Inuktitut
Archaic
Gjoa Haven
Uqsuqtuuq (ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ)
Inuktitut
Holman
Ulukhaktok
Inuinnaqtun
Archaic
Hull
Gatineau
French
Harrington Lake
Lac Mousseau
French
Iroquois River
Rivière Richelieu
French
Archaic
Island of Orelans
Île d'Orléans
French
Lansdowne House
Neskantaga
Oji-Cree
Mount Royal
Mont-Royal
French
Quebec City
Québec
French
Queen Charlotte Island
Haida Gwaii
Haida
Archaic
Rankin Inlet
Kangiqliniq (ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ)
Inuktitut
Saint Andrew
Saint-André-d'Argenteuil
French
Archaic
Saint John
Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu
French
Archaic
Summer Beaver
Nibinamik (ᓃᐱᓇᒥᐦᐠ)
Ojibwe
The River Ouse
La Rivière Grand
French
Archaic
Kenhionhata:tie
Mohawk
Three Rivers
Trois-Rivières
French
Archaic
Two Mountains
Deux-Montagnes
French
Archaic
Whale Cove
Tikiraqjuaq (ᑎᑭᕋᕐᔪᐊᖅ)
Inuktitut
Cambodia[edit]
During the Khmer Rogue period (1975–1979), the country was known in English as Democratic Kampuchea, closer to the endonym than its modern English exonym. The English exonym of Cambodia is based on the French exonym, Cambodge. The endonym is sometimes used in English, but the exonym is far more common.
Cambodia Kampuchea (កម្ពុជា)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Mekong River
Tonle Mekongk (ទន្លេមេគង្គ)
Khmer
Sihanoukville
Krong Preah Sihanouk (ក្រុងព្រះសីហនុ)
Khmer
Kampong Som (កំពង់សោម)
Khmer
Chile[edit]
Chile
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Easter Island
Isla de Pascua
Spanish
Rapa Nui
Rapa Nui
Fireland[7]
Tierra del Fuego
Spanish
Obsolete
China[edit]
Some of the apparent "exonyms" for China are the result of change in romanization of Chinese to modern pinyin, for example "Tientsin" to "Tianjin". Other apparent exonyms are the result of the English name being based on one of the other varieties of Chinese besides Mandarin. Additionally, certain names which may now be considered exonyms actually preserve older Mandarin pronunciations which have changed in the intervening centuries.[8][9] For all areas in mainland China, names written in Chinese are written in simplified characters. For all areas in the special administrative regions (SARs), the names will be written in traditional characters.
See also: Pinyin and Chinese postal romanization
China Zhōngguó (中国)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Amoy
Amoy
Min Nan[10]
Archaic
Xiàmén (厦门)
Mandarin
Ē-mn̂g
Amoy
Ē-mûi
Amoy
Canton
Guǎngzhōu (广州)
Mandarin
Archaic
Gwong2 Zau1
Cantonese
Archaic
Changbai Mountain
Chángbáishān (长白山)
Mandarin
Paektusan (백두산)
Korean
Chengtu
Chéngdū (成都)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Chungking
Chóngqìng (重庆)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Foochow
Fúzhōu (福州)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Forbidden City
Gùgōng (故宫), Zĭjìnchéng (紫禁城)
Mandarin
Means "Ancient Palace" and "Purple Forbidden City" respectively
Fukien
Fújiàn (福建)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Gobi Desert
Gēbì Shāmò (戈壁沙漠)
Mandarin
Govi (ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)
Mongolian
Hangchow
Hángzhōu (杭州)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Heilungkiang
Hēilóngjiāng (黑龙江)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Khejluntszyan (Хэйлунцзян)
Russian
Hohhot
Kökeqota (ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ)
Mongolian
Hūhéhàotè (呼和浩特) / Hūshì (呼市)
Mandarin
Hokkien
Fújiàn (福建)
Hokkien
Archaic, but survives in English name of the language
Hong Kong
Hoeng1 Gong2 (香港)
Cantonese
Xiānggǎng
Mandarin
Inner Mongolia
Öbür mongɣul (ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ)
Mongolian
Nèi Mĕnggǔ (内蒙古)
Mandarin
Kalgan
Zhāngjiākŏu (张家口)
Mandarin
Archaic
Kwangchow
Gwong2 Zau1
Cantonese
Guǎngzhōu (广州)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Kweilin
Gveilinz
Zhuang
Guìlín (桂林)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Lop Nor / Lop Nur
Luóbùpō (罗布泊)
Mandarin
Lob Nughur (ᠯᠣᠪ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ)
Mongolian script
Lop Nur (لوپنۇر)
Uighur
Macau
Ou3 mun2 (澳門)
Cantonese
Àomén (澳门)
Mandarin
Mekong River
Méigōnghé (湄公河)
Mandarin
Mount Everest
Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng
(珠穆朗玛峰)
Mandarin
Chomolungma (ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ)
Tibetan
Mukden
Mukden
Manchu[11]
Archaic
Shěnyáng (沈阳)
Mandarin
Nanking
Nánjīng (南京)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Paotou
Bāotóu (包头)
Mandarin
Obsolete English spelling
Buɣutu qota (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ)
Mongolian
Peking
Běijīng (北京)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Port Arthur
Dàlián (大连)
Mandarin
Archaic
Santow
Shàntóu (汕头)
Mandarin
Archaic
Shaanxi
Shǎnxī (陕西)
Mandarin
Name spelled using Guoyeu Romatzyh romanization, as the name would be the same as Shanxi using pinyin without tones.
Sian
Xī'ān (西安)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Sinkiang
Xīnjiāng (新疆)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Soochow
Sūzhōu (苏州)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Swatow
Shàntóu (汕头)
Mandarin
Dated
Tibet
Bod (བོད)
Tibetan
Xīzàng (西藏)
Mandarin
Tsingtao
Qīngdăo (青岛)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Yangtze river
Cháng jiāng (长江)
Mandarin
Based on the archaic name Yángzĭ Jiāng (扬子江)
Yenchi
Yánjí (延吉)
Mandarin
Archaic, change in romanization
Yenji (옌지), Yǒnkil (연길)
Korean
Yenki
Yenji (옌지), Yǒnkil (연길)
Korean
Yánjí (延吉)
Mandarin
Croatia[edit]
Croatia Hrvatska
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Danube river
Dunav
Croatian
Dalmatia
Dalmacija
Croatian
Istria
Istra
Croatian
Ragusa
Dubrovnik
Croatian
Historical exonym
Zara
Zadar
Croatian
Historical exonym
Cuba[edit]
Cuba
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bay of Pigs
Bahía de Cochinos
Spanish
Cochino is one of several Spanish words used to define "pig"
Havana
(La) Habana
Spanish
Cyprus[edit]
Cyprus Kýpros/ Kıbrıs
English name
Endonym
Notes
Place
Language
Famagusta
Ammokhóstos (Αμμόχωστος)
Greek
Gazimaǧusa
Turkish
Kyrenia
Girne
Turkish
Kerýneia (Κερύνεια)
Greek
Limassol
Lemesós (Λεμεσός)
Greek
Limasol
Turkish
Nicosia
Lefkoşa
Turkish
Lefkosía (Λευκωσία)
Greek
Czechia[edit]
Historically, English-language sources used German names for many places in what is now the Czech Republic. With some exceptions (such as the Elbe and Oder rivers- both of which flow into Germany), this is no longer done by most sources.[12]
The Czechian government prefers the country to be referred to as Czechia in English, as the country adopted it as its official short name in 2016. However, many English speakers still call the country Czech Republic.
Czechia Česko
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Beskids
Beskydy
Czech
Bohemia
Čechy
Czech
Latin name
Bohemian Forest
Šumava
Czech
Bohemian Karst
Český kras
Czech
Bohemian Paradise
Český ráj
Czech
Bohemian Switzerland
České Švýcarsko
Czech
Budweis
České Budějovice
Czech
Archaic, German name
Carlsbad
Karlovy Vary
Czech
Archaic, German name
Elbe river
Labe
Czech
German name
Fichtel Mountains
Smrčiny[4]
Czech
German name
Franzensbad
Františkovy Lázně
Czech
Archaic, German name
Giant Mountains
Krkonoše
Czech
Archaic
Hanakia
Haná
Czech
Archaic
Lachia
Lašsko
Czech
Marienbad
Mariánské Lázně
Czech
Archaic, German name
Moravia
Morava
Czech
Latin name
Moravian Slovakia
Slovácko
Czech
Moravian Wallachia
Valašsko
Czech
Oder river
Odra
Czech
German name
Ore Mountains
Krušné hory
Czech
Pilsen
Plzeň
Czech
Archaic, German name
Prague
Praha
Czech
French name
Silesia
Slezsko
Czech
Ślōnsk
Silesian
Sudetenland
Sudety
Czech
Upper Palatinate Forest
Český les
Czech
Denmark[edit]
Denmark Danmark
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Copenhagen
København
Danish
Elsinore
Helsingør
Danish
Dated
Funen
Fyn
Danish
Jutland
Jylland
Danish
Sleswick
Schleswig
Low German
Slesvig
Danish
The Scaw
Skagen
Danish
Dated
Zealand
Sjælland
Danish
Greenland[edit]
Several places were known under Danish names, or a variant of them. Now only the local Greenlandic is used.
Greenland Kalaallit Nunaat
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Frederikdshab
Paamiut
Greenlandic
Obsolete
Godthab
Nuuk
Greenlandic
Obsolete
Jacobshaven
Ilulissat
Greenlandic
Obsolete
Sondre Stromfjord
Kangerlussuaq
Greenlandic
Obsolete
Sondrestrom
Kangerlussuaq
Greenlandic
Obsolete
Thule
Qaanaaq
Greenlandic
Obsolete
Egypt[edit]
Egypt Miṣr (مصر)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Alexandria
Al-Iskandariyya (الإسكندرية)
Egyptian Arabic
Alexandria (ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ)
Coptic
Eskendereyya (اسكندرية)
Egyptian Arabic
Rakote (ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ )
Coptic
Cairo
Al-Qāhirah (القاهرة)
Standard Arabic
Maṣr (مَصر)
Egyptian Arabic
Giza
Al-Jīzah (الجݐزة)
Standard Arabic
El-Gīzeh (الجيزة)
Egyptian Arabic
Luxor
Al-Uqṣur (الاقصر)
Standard Arabic
Babe (ⲡⲁⲡⲉ)
Coptic
Loqṣor (الأقصر)
Egyptian Arabic
Memphis
Manf (مَنْف)
Standard Arabic
Memfi (ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ)
Coptic
Nile river
An-Nīl (النݐل)
Standard Arabic
En-Nīl (النݐل)
Egyptian Arabic
Port Said
Bur Sa'īd (بور سعݐد)
Standard Arabic
Bor Sa'īd (بورسعيد)
Egyptian Arabic
Suez
As-Suways (السوݐس)
Standard Arabic
Estonia[edit]
Estonia Eesti
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Lake Peipus
Peipsi järv
Estonian
Finland[edit]
Finland Suomi
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Karelia
Karjala
Finnish
From Latin
Lapponia
Lappi
Finnish
From Latin
Ostrobothnia
Pohjanmaa
Finnish
From Latin, compare Swedish Österbotten
Savonia
Savo
Finnish
From Latin
Tavastia
Häme
Finnish
From Latin
France[edit]
France
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bay of Biscay
Golfe de Gascogne
French
Bethwyn
Béthune
French
Archaic
Brittany
Breizh
Breton
Bretagne
French
Burgundy
Bourgogne
French
Camerick
Cambrai
French
Obsolete
Corsica
Corse
French
Corsica
Corsican
Cressy
Crécy-en-Ponthieu
French
Dauphiny
Dalfinat
Occitan
Darfenât
Arpitan
Dauphiné
French
Archaic
Dunkirk
Dunkerque
French
English Channel
La Manche
French
Flanders
Flandre
French
French Riviera
Côte d'Azur
French
Gascony
Gascogne
French
Gasconha
Gascon
Lyons
Liyon
Arpitan
Lyon
French
Archaic
Marseilles
Marseille
French
Archaic
Marselha
Occitan
Normandy
Normandie
French
Normaundie
Norman
Picardy
Picardie
French
Rheims
Reims
French
Archaic
Rhine river
Rhin
French
Rone
Rouen
French
Obsolete
Savoy
Savoie
French
Savouè
Arpitan
Ushant
Eusa
Breton
Ouessant
French
Georgia[edit]
Georgia Sakartvelo (საქართველო)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Caucasus
Kavkasioni (კავკასიონი)
Georgian
Tiflis
Tbilisi (თბილისი)
Georgian
Obsolete
Germany[edit]
See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms and Names of Germany
This list does not include German place names with ß written with "ss" or umlauts being removed in some writing.
Germany Deutschland
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name[4][5]
Language
Aix-la-Chapelle
Aachen
Standard German
Archaic
Oche
Ripuarian
Baltic Sea
Ostsee
Standard German
Bavaria
Bayern
Standard German
Bay of Lübeck
Lübecker Bucht
Standard German
German name means "Lübeck Bight"
Bay of Mecklenburg
Mecklenburger Bucht
Standard German
German name means "Mecklenburg Bight"
Bay of Meldorf
Meldorfer Bucht
Standard German
German name means "Meldorf Bight"
Bay of Pomerania
Pommersche Bucht
Standard German
German name means "Pomeranian Bight"
Bay of Wismar
Wismarer Bucht
Standard German
German name means "Wismar Bight"
Black Forest
Schwarzwald
Standard German
Brunswick
Braunschweig
Standard German
Archaic
Brunswiek
Low Saxon
Cleves
Kleve
Standard German
Archaic
Coblence
Koblenz
Standard German
Archaic
Coblenz
Koblenz
Standard German
Dated
Cologne
Kölle
Ripuarian
Köln
Standard German
Constance
Konstanz
Standard German
Dated
Danube river
Donau
Standard German
Eastphalia
Oostfalen
Low Saxon
Ostfalen
Standard German
Egge Hills
Eggegebirge
Standard German
German name means "Egge Mountains"
Franconia
Franken
Standard German
Frankn
Austro-Bavarian
Franconian Jura
Frankenalb
Standard German
Frankenjura also used in German
Frankfort
Frangford (am Maa)
Hessian
Archaic
Frankfurt (am Main)
Standard German
Hamelin
Hameln
Standard German
Hanover
Hannober
Low Saxon
Hannover
Standard German
Haßberge Hills
Haßberge
Standard German
Heligoland
deät Lun
Heligolandic North Frisian
Hälilönj
Bökingharde North Frisian
Helgoland
Standard German
Hesse
Hessen
Standard German
Hessia
Hessen
Standard German
Hither Pomerania
Vorpommern
Standard German
Hohwacht Bay
Hohwachter Bucht
Standard German
Jade Bight
Jadebusen
Standard German
Kaufungen Forest
Kaufunger Wald
Standard German
Kiel Canal
Nordostseekanal
Standard German
Knüll
Knüllgebirge
Standard German
German name also used in English
Lake Constance
Bodensee
Standard German
Lower Bavarian Upland
Niederbayerisches Hügelland
Standard German
Lusatia
Lausitz
Standard German
Łužica
Upper Sorbian
Łužyca
Lower Sorbian
Mayence
Mainz
Standard German
Archaic
Mentz
Mainz
Standard German
Archaic, British English
Moselle river
Mosel
Standard German
Musel
Moselle Franconian
Munich
Minga
Austro-Bavarian
München
Standard German
Nuremberg
Narrnberch
East Franconian
Nürnberg
Standard German
Ore Mountains
Erzgebirge
Standard German
Palatinate
Palz
Palatinate German
Pfalz
Standard German
Pomerania
Pommern
Standard German
Prussia
Preußen
Standard German
Ratisbon
Regensburg
Standard German
Archaic
Rengschburch
Austro-Bavarian
Rhenish Massif
Rheinisches Schiefergebirge
Standard German
Rhine river
Rhein
Standard German
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
Standard German
English now uses translation Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxony
Sachsen
Standard German
Sassen
Low Saxon
Swabia
Schwaben
Standard German
Szczecin Lagoon
Stettiner Haff
Standard German
Thuringia
Thüringen
Standard German
Tréier
Moselle Franconian
Treves
Trier
Standard German
Archaic, French name
Western Pomerania
Vorpommern
Standard German
Westphalia
Westfalen
Low Saxon
Standard German
Greece[edit]
The exonym for Greece in English comes from Magna Graecia, which was a historical region in Italy colonized by the Greeks. The endonym Ellás comes from Helen of Troy, the legendary Greek figure whose abduction caused the Greek city-states to unite and fight against Troy during the Trojan War.
Greece Elládha/ Ellás (Ελλάδα/ Ἑλλάς)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Attica
Attikí (Αττική)
Greek
Athens
Athína (Αθήνα)
Greek
Boetia
Voiotía (Βοιωτία)
Greek
Corfu
Kérkyra (Κέρκυρα)
Greek
Corinth
Kórinthos (Κόρινθος)
Greek
Crete
Kríti (Κρήτη)
Greek
Cyclades
Kykládhes (Κυκλάδες)
Greek
Dodecanese
Dhodhekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)
Greek
Epirus
Ipeiros (Ήπειρος)
Greek
Euboea
Evvoia (Εύβοια)
Greek
Heraklion
Irákleio (Ηράκλειο)
Greek
Icaria
Ikaría (Ικαρία)
Greek
Ithaca
Itháki (Ιθάκη)
Greek
Lepanto
Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)
Greek
Archaic
Macedonia
Makedonía (Μακεδονία)
Greek
Mediterranean Sea
Mesógeios thálassa (Μεσόγειος θάλασσα)
Greek
Missolonghi
Mesológi (Μεσολόγγι)
Greek
Naupactus
Náfpaktos (Νάυπακτος)
Greek
Greek name also used in English
Navarino
Pýlos (Πύλος)
Greek
Archaic
Patras
Pátra (Πάτρα)
Greek
Peloponnese
Pelopónnisos (Πελοπόννησος)
Greek
Philippi
Fílippoi (Φίλιπποι)
Greek
Piraeus
Peiraiás (Πειραιάς)
Greek
Rhodes
Ródhos (Ρόδος)
Greek
Rhodope Mountains
Rodhópi (Ροδόπη)
Greek
Salonica
Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)
Greek
Archaic
Samothrace
Samothráki (Σαμοθράκη)
Greek
Sparta
Spárti (Σπάρτη)
Greek
Thebes
Thíva (Θήβα)
Greek
Thessalonica
Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)
Greek
Greek name also used in English
Thessaly
Thessalía (Θεσσαλία)
Greek
Thrace
Thráki (Θράκη)
Greek
Zante
Zákynthos (Ζάκυνθος)
Greek
Archaic
Hungary[edit]
Hungary Magyarország
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Carpathian Mountains
Kárpátok
Hungarian
Danube river
Duna
Hungarian
Iceland[edit]
Iceland Ísland
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Westman Islands
Vestmannaeyjar
Icelandic
Dated, translation
India[edit]
See also: List of renamed Indian public places
India Bhārat (भारत)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Allahbad
Prayagraj (प्रयागराज)
Hindi
Officially amended to Pryagraj but still in use in popular culture.
Bangalore
Bengaluru
Kannada
Benares
Varanasi (वाराणसी)
Hindi
Dated
Bombay
Mumbai (मुंबई)
Marathi
Dated
Calcutta
Kolkata (কলিকাতা)
Bengali
Dated
Cawnpore
Kanpur (कानपुर)
Hindi
Obsolete
Delhi
Dilli (दिल्ली)
Hindi
Ganges River
Ganga (गंगा)
Hindi
Indus River
Sindhū (सिन्धु )
Sanskrit
Jaypore
Jaipur (जयपुर)
Hindi
Obsolete
Laccadive Islands
Lakshadweep
Malayam
Obsolete
Madras
Chennai
Tamil
Dated
Pondicherry
Puducherry
Tamil
Dated
Poona
Pune
Marathi
Dated
Simla
Shimla
Hindi
Obsolete
Indonesia[edit]
Indonesia
English Name
Endonym
Note
Name
Language
Borneo
Kalimantan
Indonesian
These exonyms were unofficially used for some purposes, usually for touristic reasons.
Celebes
Sulawesi
Indonesian
Java
Jawa
Indonesian
Lesser Sunda Islands
Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara
Indonesian
Also Kepulauan Sunda Kecil in Indonesian
New Guinea
Papua
Indonesian
Iran[edit]
Iran Irān (اݐران)
English name
Endonym
Note
Name
Language
Bushire
Bushehr(بوشهر)
Persian
Obsolete
Caspian Sea
Darya-ye Khazar (Khazar Sea)
Persian
Isfahan
Ešfahān (اصفهان)
Persian
Meshed
Mashhad (مشهد)
Persian
Obsolete
Teheran
Tehran (تهران)
Persian
Obsolete
Iraq[edit]
Iraq Al-Irāq (العراق)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Euphrates river
Al-Furāt (الفرات)
Standard Arabic
Firat
Kurdish
Pǝrāth (ܦܪܬ)
Syriac
Mosul
Al-Mawṣil (الموصل)
Standard Arabic
Māwṣil (ܡܘܨܠ)
Syriac
Mosil (مووسڵ)
Kurdish
Tigris river
Deqlath (ܕܹܩܠܵܬ)
Syriac
Dîcle (دیجلە)
Kurdish
Dijla (دجله)
Standard Arabic
Ireland[edit]
Main article: Place names in Ireland
The vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations, or phonetic renderings, of Irish language names. The exceptions to this are listed here:
Ireland Éire
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Arklow
an tInbhear Mór
Irish
Carlingford
Cairlinn
Irish
Connaught
Connacht
Irish
Dated
Dalkey
Deilginis
Irish
Dursey
Baoi Bhéarra, Oileán Baoi
Irish
Dublin
Baile Átha Cliath
Irish
Fastnet
Carraig Aonair
Irish
Haulbowline
Inis Sionnach
Irish
Howth
Binn Éadair
Irish
Lambay
Reachrainn
Irish
Leinster
Laighin
Irish
Leixlip
Léim an Bhrádain
Irish
Meath
Mí
Irish
Munster
Mumhan
Irish
Oxmantown
Baile Lochlannach
Irish
Saltee
Na Sailtí
Irish
Selskar
Seilsceir
Irish
Skerries
Na Sceirí
Irish
Strangford
Loch Cuan
Irish
Ulster
Ulaidh
Irish
Waterford
Port Láirge
Irish
Wexford
Loch Garman
Irish
Wicklow
Cill Mhantáin
Irish
Israel[edit]
The below listing is only a summary. Modern Israeli transcription systems (romanization of Hebrew) vary from the spellings of many hundreds of place names of Ancient Israel adopted by Bible translations - both Christian, such as the King James Version (1611) and also Jewish versions such as the JPS (1917).[13]
Israel Yisrael (ישראל)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Acre
Ako (עכו)
Modern Hebrew
Greek name
Beersheba
Beer Sheva' (באר שבע)
Modern Hebrew
Capernaum
Kfar Nachum (כפר נחום)
Modern Hebrew
Latin name
Galilee
haGalil (הגליל)
Modern Hebrew
Jaffa
Yafo (יפה)
Modern Hebrew
Joppa
Yafo (יפה)
Modern Hebrew
Greek name, dated
Jordan River
Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)
Standard Arabic
Nahar haYarden (נהר הירדן)
Modern Hebrew
Jerusalem
Yerushalayim (ירושלים)
Modern Hebrew
Latin name
Nazareth
Natzrat (נצרת)
Modern Hebrew
Greek name
Sea of Galilee
Imat Tbria (بحيرة طبريا)
Standard Arabic
Yamat haKineret (ימת הכינרת)
Modern Hebrew
Safed
Tzfat (צפת)
Modern Hebrew
Arabic name
Tiberias
Tverya (טבריה)
Modern Hebrew
Greek name
Italy[edit]
Italy
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Apulia
Puglia
Standard Italian
Pùglia
Neapolitan
Capitoline Hill
Campidoglio
Standard Italian
Florence
Firenze
Standard Italian
French name
Genoa
Genova
Standard Italian
Zêna
Ligurian
Herculaneum
Ercolano
Standard Italian
English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Janiculum
Gianicolo
Standard Italian
Latin name
Latium
Lazio
Standard Italian
English uses different names for the ancient and modern places
Leghorn
Livorno
Standard Italian
Obsolete
Lombardy
Lombardéa
Lombard
French name
Lombardia
Standard Italian
Mantua
Mantua
Lombard
Mantova
Standard Italian
Milan
Milan
Lombard
Milano
Standard Italian
Montferrat
Monferrato
Standard Italian
French name
Monfrà
Piedmontese
Naples
Napoli
Standard Italian
French name
Napule
Neapolitan
Padua
Padova
Standard Italian
Pàdova
Venetian
Piedmont
Piemont
Piedmontese
Piemonte
Standard Italian
Pompeii
Pompei
Standard Italian
Latin name
Rome
Roma
Standard Italian
French name
Rubicon river
Rubicone
Standard Italian
Sardinia
Sardegna
Standard Italian
Sicily
Sicilia
Standard Italian
Sicilian
Sienna
Siena
Standard Italian
Obsolete
Syracuse
Sarasusa
Sicilian
Siracusa
Standard Italian
The Marches
Marche
Standard Italian
Obsolete
Tiber
Tevere
Standard Italian
Latin name
Tuscany
Toscana
Standard Italian
Turin
Torino
Standard Italian
Turin
Piedmontese
Trent
Trento
Standard Italian
Obsolete
Tyrol
Tirolo
Standard Italian
Venice
Venesia
Venetian
Venezia
Standard Italian
French name
Vesuvius
Vesuvio
Neapolitan
Standard Italian
Latin name
Japan[edit]
Japan Nihon, Nippon (日本)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bonin Islands
Ogasawara Guntou (小笠原群島)
Japanese
Iwo Jima
Iou-tou (硫黄島)
Japanese
Alternative reading of endonym
Liancourt Rocks
Takeshima (竹島)
Japanese
Ryūkyū Islands
Nansei-shotou (南西諸島)
Japanese
Volcano Islands
Kazan Rettou (火山列島)
Japanese
Laos[edit]
Laos Lāo (ລາວ)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Louangphabang
Luang Prabang (ຫລວງພະບາງ)
Lao
Also spelled Luangphabang
Mekong River
Maenam Khong (ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ)
Lao
Savannakhet
Kaysone Phomvihane (ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ)
Lao
Viangchan[14]
Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)
Lao
Vientiane
Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)
Lao
from French
Wiangchan[15]
Wīang chan (ວຽງຈັນ)
Lao
Latvia[edit]
Latvia Latvija
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Courland
Kurzeme
Latvian
Lettgallia
Latgale
Latvian
Dated
Semigallia
Zemgale
Latvian
Dated
Lebanon[edit]
Lebanon Lubnān (لبنان)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Sidon
Ṣaydā (صيدا)
Standard Arabic
Tyre
Ṣūr (صور)
Standard Arabic
Tripoli
Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)
Standard Arabic
Libya[edit]
Libya Libiyā (ليبيا)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Cyrenaica
Barqah (برقة)
Standard Arabic
Fezzan
Fezzan (ⴼⵣⵣⴰⵏ)
Berber
Fizzān (فزان)
Standard Arabic
Misrata
Miṣrātah (مصراتة)
Standard Arabic
Sirte
Sirt (سرت)
Standard Arabic
Tripoli
Ṭrables
Berber
Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)
Standard Arabic
Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)
Maghrebi Arabic
Tripolitania
Ṭrables
Berber
Ṭarābulus (طرابلس)
Standard Arabic
Ṭrābləs (طرابلس)
Maghrebi Arabic
Lithuania[edit]
Lithuania Lietuva
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Neman river
Nemunas
Lithuanian
Nieman river
Nemunas
Lithuanian
Dated
Samogitia
Žemaitija
Lithuanian
Sudovia
Sudūva
Lithuanian
Yotvingia
Dainava
Lithuanian
Malaysia[edit]
Malaysia
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Malacca
Melaka
Malay
Penang Island
Pulau Pinang
Malay
Mexico[edit]
Mexico
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Kino Bay
Hermosillo
Spanish
Rocky Point
Puerto Peñasco
Spanish
Dated
Moldova[edit]
Moldova
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Kishinev
Chişinău
Romanian
Obsolete
Mongolia[edit]
Mongolia Mongγol Ulus (Монгол Улc/ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Gobi Desert
Govi (Говь/ ᠭᠣᠪᠢ)
Mongolian
Ulan Bator
Ulaanbaatar (Улаанбаатар/ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ)
Mongolian
Obsolete
Morocco[edit]
Morocco Al-Magrib (المغرب)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Casablanca
Ad-Dār Al-Bayḍā' (الدار البيضاء)
Standard Arabic
Anfa (ⴰⵏⴼⴰ)
Berber
Fez
Fās (ⴼⴰⵙ)
Berber
Fās (فاس)
Standard Arabic
Tangier
Ṭanja (ⵟⴰⵏⵊⴰ)
Berber
Ṭanjah (طنجة)
Standard Arabic
Myanmar[edit]
Myanmar Myanma (မြန်မာ)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Mekong River
Megaung Myit (မဲခေါင်မြစ်)
Burmese
Naypyidaw
Nay Pyi Taw (နေပြည်တော်)
Burmese
Pagan
Bagan (ပုဂံ)
Burmese
Dated
Rangoon
Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့)
Burmese
Dated
Nepal[edit]
Nepal Nepāl (नेपाल)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Mount Everest
Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा)
Nepali
Netherlands[edit]
Netherlands Nederland
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Brill
Brielle
Dutch
Obsolete
Dort
Dordrecht
Dutch
Obsolete
Flushing
Vlissingen
Dutch
Obsolete
Guelders
Gelderland
Dutch
Dated
Leyden
Leiden
Dutch
Dated
Meuse river
Maas
Dutch
French name
Rhine river
Rijn
Dutch
Ryswick
Rijswijk
Dutch
Obsolete
The Hague
Den Haag
Dutch
Norway[edit]
Norway Noreg, Norge
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bear Island
Bjørnøya
Norwegian
Translation
North Korea[edit]
North Korea Chosǒn (조선)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Diamond Mountain
Kǔmkang-san (금강산)
Korean
English now uses rough transliteration Mount Kumgang
Paektu Mountain
Paektu-san (백두산)
Korean
Tumen River
Tuman-kang (두만강)
Korean
Mandarin name, as the river borders China
Yalu River
Amnok-kang (압록강)
Korean
Mandarin name, as the river borders China
Palestine[edit]
Palestine Filasṭīn (فلسطين)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bethlehem
Beyt Laḥm (بيت لحم)
Levantine Arabic
Bayta Laḥm (بيت لحم)
Standard Arabic
Gaza City
Ġazzah (غَزَّة)
Standard Arabic
Hebron
Al-Ḵalīl (الخليل)
Standard Arabic
Jericho
Arīḥā (أريحا)
Standard Arabic
Jerusalem
Al-Quds (القُدس)
Standard Arabic
Latin name
Jordan River
Nahr al-Urdun (نهر الأردن)
Standard Arabic
Philippines[edit]
Philippines Pilipinas
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Manila
Maynila
Filipino
Poland[edit]
Poland Polska
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Auschwitz
Oświęcim
Polish
Dated, German name
Breslau
Wrocław
Polish
Dated, German name
Carpathian Mountains
Karpaty
Polish
Cracow
Kraków
Polish
Danzig
Gdańsk
Polish
Dated, German name
Galicia
Galicja
Polish
Giant Mountains
Karkonosze
Polish
Dated
Kashubia
Kaszëbë
Kashubian
Kaszuby
Polish
Kuyavia
Kujawy
Polish
Mazovia
Mazowsze
Polish
Mazuria
Mazury
Polish
Oder river
Odra
Polish
Pomerania
Pomorze
Polish
Silesia
Śląsk
Polish
Ślōnsk
Silesian
Vistula river
Wisła
Polish
Warsaw
Warszawa
Polish
Portugal[edit]
Portugal
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Azores
Açores
Portuguese
Spanish name
Braganza
Bragança
Portuguese
Dated, Spanish name
Lisbon
Lisboa
Portuguese
Oporto
Porto
Portuguese
Obsolete
Tagus river
Tejo
Portuguese
Latin name
Romania[edit]
Romania România
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bucharest
București
Romanian
Carpathian Mountains
Carpați
Romanian
Danube river
Dunǎrea
Romanian
Jassy
Iași[16]
Romanian
Obsolete
Northern Dobruja
Dobrogea
Romanian
Romanian half of former Dobruja region
Transylvania
Transilvania
Romanian
Wallachia
Țara Românească, Valahiua
Romanian
Russia[edit]
Russia Rossiya (Россия)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Archangel
Arkhangelsk (Архангельск)
Russian
Dated
Black Sea
Chernoje more (Черное море)
Russian
Caucasus
Kavkaz (Кавказ)
Russian
Caspian Sea
Kaspijskoje more (Каспийское море)
Russian
Grozny
Sölƶa-Ġala (Соьлжа-ГӀала)
Chechen
Groznyj (Грозный)
Russian
Moscow
Moskva (Москва)
Russian
Orel
Oryol (Орёл)
Russian
Obsolete
Pacific Ocean
Tikhiy okean (Тихий океан)
Russian
Plescow
Pskov (Псков)
Russian
Obsolete
Saint Petersburg
Sankt-Peterburg (Санкт-Петербург)
Russian
Saudi Arabia[edit]
Saudi Arabia As-Sa'ūdīyah (السعودية)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Arabian Sea
Al-Baḥr al-'Arabī (البحر العربي)
Standard Arabic
Gulf of Aden
Ḫalīǧ ʻAdan (خليج عدن)
Standard Arabic
Jeddah
Jiddah (جِدَّة)
Standard Arabic
Mecca
Makkah (مکة)
Standard Arabic
Medina
Al-Madīnah (المدينة)
Standard Arabic
Riyadh
Er-Riyāḍ (الرياض)
Najdi Arabic
Ar-Riyāḍ (الرياض)
Standard Arabic
Serbia[edit]
Serbia Srbija (Србија)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Balkan Mountains
Stara Planina (Стара Планина)
Serbian
Belgrade
Beograd (Београд)
Serbian
French name
Danube river
Dunav (Дунав)
Serbian
Slovakia[edit]
Slovakia Slovensko
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Carpathian Mountains
Karpaty
Slovak
Cassow
Košice
Slovak
Obsolete
Danube river
Dunaj
Slovak
Gerlach Peak
Gerlachovský štít
Slovak
Maple Mountains
Javorníky
Slovak
Slovak Ore Mountains
Slovenské rudohorie
Slovak
Slovenia[edit]
Slovenia Slovenija
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Carinthia
Koroška
Slovene
Inner Carniola
Notranjska
Slovene
Karawanks
Karavanke
Slovene
Karst
Kras
Slovene
Lower Carniola
Dolenjska
Slovene
Slovene Littoral
Primorska
Slovene
Styria
Štajerska
Slovene
Upper Carniola
Dolenjska
Slovene
Somalia[edit]
Somalia Soomaaliya
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Baidoa
Baydhabo
Somali
Chisimaio
Kismaayo
Somali
Obsolete
Mogadishu
Muqdisho
Somali
Villabruzzi
Jowhaar
Somali
Dated
South Africa[edit]
Many South African towns have multiple names due to the number of languages. Additionally, some places have been renamed from English and Afrikaans.
South Africa
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Aliwal North
Maletswai
Sotho
Dated
Cape Town
ǁHui!gaeb
Khoekhoe
Kaapstad
Afrikaans
iKapa
Xhosa
Fish Hoek
Vishoek
Afrikaans
Grahamstown
Grahamstad
Afrikaans
Dated in Afrikaans and English
iRhini
Xhosa
Makhanda
iRhini
Xhosa
Queenstown
Komani
Sotho
Dated
Simon's Town
Simonstad
Afrikaans
South Korea[edit]
South Korea Hanguk (한국)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Liancourt Rocks
Dokdo (독도)
Korean
Port Hamilton
Geomundo (거문도)
Korean
Pusan
Busan (부산시)
Korean
Dated
Quelpart
Jeju (제주도)
Korean
Obsolete
Spain[edit]
English uses Spanish-language exonyms for some places in non-Spanish speaking regions of Spain.
Spain España
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Andalusia
Andalucía
Spanish
Basque Country
País Vasco
Spanish
Euskadi
Basque
Biscay
Bizkaia
Basque
Vizcaya
Spanish
Castile
Castilla
Spanish
Catalonia
Catalunya
Catalan
Latin name
Corunna
A Coruña
Galician
Obsolete
Douro
Duero
Spanish
Portuguese name
Majorca
Mallorca
Catalan
Dated
Minorca
Menorca
Catalan
Dated
Navarre
Nafarroa
Basque
Pampeluna
Pamplona
Spanish
Dated
Saragossa
Zaragoza
Spanish
Dated
Seville
Sevilla
Spanish
Tagus
Tajo
Spanish
Latin name
Teneriffe
Tenerife
Spanish
Obsolete, French name
The Groyne
A Coruña
Galician
Obsolete
Sri Lanka[edit]
Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon in English until 1972.
Sri Lanka Shri Lanka (ශ්රී ලංකා)/ Ilaṅkai (இலங்கை)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Batticaloa
Madakalapuwa (මඩකලපුව)
Sinhala
Maṭṭakkaḷappu (மட்டக்களப்பு)
Tamil
Chilaw
Cilāpam (சிலாபம்)
Tamil
Halawta (හලාවත)
Sinhala
Colombo
Kolamba (කොළඹ)
Sinhala
Kolumpu (கொழும்பு)
Tamil
Galle
Galla (ගාල්ල)
Sinhala
Kali (காலி)
Tamil
Jaffna
Yalnapam (யாழ்ப்பாணம்)
Tamil
Yapanaya (යාපනය)
Sinhala
Kandy
Kanti (கண்டி)
Tamil
Mahanuwara (මහනුවර)
Sinhala
Mutwal
Modara (මෝදර)
Sinhala
Mukattuvāram (முகத்துவாரம்)
Tamil
Negombo
Meegumuwa (මීගමුව)
Sinhala
Nirkolompu (நீர்கொழும்பு)
Tamil
Trincomalee
Thrikunamalaya (ත්රිකුණාමළය)
Sinhala
Tirukōṇamalai (திருகோணமலை)
Tamil
Sudan[edit]
Sudan As-Sūdān (السودان)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Khartoum
Al-Ḵurṭūm (الخَرطوم)
Standard Arabic
El-Ḵortūm (الخَرطوم)
Sudanese Arabic
Nile river
An-Nīl (النيل)
Standard Arabic
En-Nīl (النيل)
Sudanese Arabic
Omdurman
Omm Dormān (أُم درمان)
Sudanese Arabic
Umm Durmān (أُم درمان)
Standard Arabic
Sweden[edit]
Sweden Sverige
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Dalecarlia
Dalarna
Elfdalian
Latin name; Swedish name also used
Swedish
Gothenburg
Göteborg
Swedish
North Bothnia
Norrbotten
Swedish
Swedish name also used
Scania
Skåne
Swedish
Latin name
The Dales
Dalarna
Elfdalian
Obsolete; translation of Swedish name
Swedish
West Bothnia
Västerbotten
Swedish
Swedish name also used in English
Switzerland[edit]
See also: List of English exonyms for German toponyms
Historically, English-language sources borrowed French-language names for some places in German-speaking Switzerland. This is no longer done, and many sources now use German names for most Swiss German-speaking places.[17]
Switzerland Schweiz/ Suisse/ Svizzera/ Svizra
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Basle
Basel
Standard German
Obsolete
Berne
Bern
Standard German
Obsolete
Geneva
Genève
French
Genf
Standard German
Lucerne
Luzerne
Standard German
Rhine River
Rhein
Standard German
Valais
Wallis
Standard German
Syria[edit]
Syria Sūrīyah (سورية)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Aleppo
Ḥalab (حَلَب)
Standard Arabic
Levantine Arabic
Damascus
Dimašq (دِمَشْق)
Standard Arabic
Dimaš' (دِمَشْق)
Levantine Arabic
Euphrates River
Al-Furat (الفرات)
Standard Arabic
Homs
Ḥimṣ (حِمْص)
Standard Arabic
Ḥumṣ (حُمْص)
Levantine Arabic
Palmyra
Tadmur (تَدْمُر)
Standard Arabic
Levantine Arabic
Latakia
Al-Lāḏiqīyah (اللاذقية)
Standard Arabic
El-Lādi'iyyeh (اللاذقية)
Levantine Arabic
Thailand[edit]
Thailand was known as Siam in English until the Siamese revolution of 1932.
Thailand Prathet Thai (ประเทศไทย)
Thailand Prathet Thai (ประเทศไทย)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Bangkok
Krung Thep (กรุงเทพ)
Thai
Old name
Mekong River
Maenam Khong (แม่น้ำโขง)
Thai
Singora
Songkhla (สงขลา)
Thai
Obsolete
Taiwan[edit]
The main island of Taiwan is also known in English as Formosa. All Chinese names below are written in traditional characters.
Taiwan (臺灣)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Pehoe
Phîⁿ-ô͘
Hokkien
Penghu (澎湖)
Mandarin
Obsolete, from Min Nan name Phênô
Pescadores
Phîⁿ-ô͘
Hokkien
Penghu (澎湖)
Mandarin
Dated, Portuguese name
Quemoy
Kimoi
Hokkien
Kinmen (金門)
Mandarin
Possibly a Spanish or Poruguese transcription of the Zhengzhou Hokkien name for the city, Kim-mûi[18]
Tunisia[edit]
Tunisia Tūnis (تونس)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Gabès
Gābes (قابس)
Maghrebi Arabic
Pronounced similar to English name
Qābis (قابس)
Standard Arabic
Sfax
Sifaks (ⵙⵉⴼⴰⴽⵙ)
Berber
Ṣfāqes (صفاقس)
Maghrebi Arabic
Ṣafaqus (صفاقس)
Standard Arabic
Sousse
Susa
Berber
Sūseh (سوسة)
Maghrebi Arabic
Sūsah (سوسة)
Standard Arabic
Turkey[edit]
Turkey Türkiye
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Adalia
Antalya
Turkish
Dated
Adrianople
Edirne
Turkish
Dated
Alexandretta
İskenderun
Turkish
Dated
Anemurium
Anamur
Turkish
Dated
Antioch
Antakya
Turkish
Dated
Bosphorus
Boǧaziçi
Turkish
Byzantium
İstanbul
Turkish
Dated
Caeserea
Kayseri
Turkish
Dated
Cappadocia
Kapadokya
Turkish
Claudiopolis
Mut
Turkish
Dated
Constantinople
İstanbul
Turkish
Dated
Dardanelles
Çanakkale Boǧazı
Turkish
Edessa
(Sanlı)urfa
Turkish
Dated
Ephesus
Efes
Turkish
Dated
Euphrates River
Fırat
Turkish
Gallipoli
Gelibolu
Turkish
Dated
Halicarnassus
Bodrum
Turkish
Dated
Heraclea Pontica
Karadeniz Ereǧli
Turkish
Dated
Iconium
Konya
Turkish
Dated
Imbros
Gökçeada
Turkish
Istanbul
İstanbul
Turkish
Some consider Istanbul to be an English exonym of İstanbul.[19]
Normally spelled without İ in English, even in sources which would otherwise use it.[20]
Kerasous
Giresun
Turkish
Dated
Laranda
Karaman
Turkish
Dated
Magnesia ad Sipylum
Manisa
Turkish
Dated
Nicaea
Iznik
Turkish
Dated
Nicomedia
Izmit
Turkish
Dated
Pergamon
Bergama
Turkish
Dated
Philadelphia
Alaşehir
Turkish
Dated
Prusa
Bursa
Turkish
Dated
Scutari
Üsküdar
Turkish
Dated[21]
Seleucia
Silifke
Turkish
Dated
Smyrna
İzmir
Turkish
Dated
Tenedos
Bozcaada
Turkish
Thrace
Trakya
Turkish
Tigris River
Dicle
Turkish
Tralles
Aydın
Turkish
Dated
Trebizond
Trabzon
Turkish
Dated
Ukraine[edit]
Ukraine Ukrayina (Україна)
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Black Sea
Chorne more (Чорне море)
Ukrainian
Chernobyl
Chornobyl (Чорнобиль)
Ukrainian
Russian name
Crimea
Krym (Крим)
Ukrainian
Region claimed by Russia, but many nations do not recognize it as part of Russia[22]
Galicia
Halychyna (Галичина)
Ukrainian
Gorlovka
Horlivka (Горлівка)
Ukrainian
Archaic, Russian name
Kharkhov
Kharkhiv (Харків)
Ukrainian
Archaic, Russian name
Kiev
Kyiv (Київ)
Ukrainian
Russian name
Krivoy Rog
Kryvyi Rih (Кривиі Ріг)
Ukrainian
Archaic, Russian name
United Kingdom[edit]
The places listed are where non-English local languages are mainly used or where the non-English names don't regularly correspond to the English one.
United Kingdom
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Aberdovey
Aberdyfi
Welsh
Dated
Abergavenny
Y Fenni
Welsh
Achmore
An t-Acha Mòr
Scottish Gaelic
Aird of Sleat
Àird Shlèite
Scottish Gaelic
Alexandria
Magh Leamhna
Scottish Gaelic
Ammanford
Rhydaman
Welsh
Anglesey
Ynys Môn
Welsh
Applecross
A'Chomraich
Scottish Gaelic
Ardvasar
Àird a Bhàsair
Scottish Gaelic
Arinagour
Àirigh na Gobhar
Scottish Gaelic
Bala Lake
Llyn Tegid
Welsh
Balivanich
Baile a Mhanaich
Scottish Gaelic
Ballygrant
Baile a Ghràna
Scottish Gaelic
Bardsey Island
Ynys Enlli
Welsh
Barmouth
Abermaw
Welsh
Barra
Barraigh
Scottish Gaelic
Barvas
Barabhas
Scottish Gaelic
Bayble
Pabail
Scottish Gaelic
Bearsden
Cille Phàdraig Ùr
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Kilpatrick
Beauly
A'Mhanachainn
Scottish Gaelic
Beaumaris
Biwmaris
Welsh
Benbecula
Beinn na Fadhla
Scottish Gaelic
Bernisdale
Beàrnasdal
Scottish Gaelic
Bishopbriggs
Coille Dobhair
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Cadder
Bonvilston
Tresimwn
Welsh
Borrowstounness (Bo'ness)
Ceann an Fhàil
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Kinneil
Bowmore
Bogh Mòr
Scottish Gaelic
Bracadale
Bracadal
Scottish Gaelic
Brecknockshire
Brycheiniog
Welsh
Brecon
Aberhonddu
Welsh
Brecon Beacons
Bannau Brycheiniog
Welsh
Bridgend (Scotland)
Beul an Àtha
Scottish Gaelic
Bridgend (Wales)
Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr
Welsh
Breasclete
Breascleit
Scottish Gaelic
Broadford
An t-Àth Leathann
Scottish Gaelic
Buckley
Bwcle
Welsh
Builth Wells
Llanfair-ym-Muallt
Welsh
Caerleon
Caerllion
Welsh
Ca(e)rnavon
Caernafon
Welsh
Dated
Cairngorms
Am Monadh Ruadh
Scottish Gaelic
Cairnryan
Machair An Sgithich, Cairn Rioghainne
Scottish Gaelic
Callinish
Calanais
Scottish Gaelic
Caldey Island
Ynys Bŷr
Welsh
Calgary
Calgarraidh
Scottish Gaelic
Camastianavaig
Camas Dìonabhaig
Scottish Gaelic
Campbeltown
Ceann Loch Chille Chiaran
Scottish Gaelic
Cardiff
Caerdydd
Welsh
Cardigan
Aberteifi
Welsh
Carinish
Càirinis
Scottish Gaelic
Carloway
Càrlabhag
Scottish Gaelic
Carmarthen
Caerfyddin
Welsh
Castlebay
Bàgh a Chaisteal
Scottish Gaelic
Cardiganshire
Ceredigion
Welsh
Dated
Chepstow
Cas-gwent
Welsh
Chirk
Y Waun
Welsh
Cleadale
Clèadail
Scottish Gaelic
Coll
Cola
Scottish Gaelic
Colonsay
Colbhasa
Scottish Gaelic
Conway
Conwy
Welsh
Dated
Cowbridge
Y Bont-faen
Welsh
Craighouse
Taigh na Creige
Scottish Gaelic
Craignure
Craig an Iobhar
Scottish Gaelic
Daliburgh
Dalabrog
Scottish Gaelic
Denbigh
Dinbych
Welsh
Devil's Bridge
Pontarfynach
Welsh
Dingwall
Inbhir Pheofharain
Scottish Gaelic
Dolgelley
Dolgellau
Welsh
Dated
Dufftown
Baile Bhainidh
Scottish Gaelic
Dunvegan
Dùn Bheagain
Scottish Gaelic
Ebbw Vale
Glyn Ebwy
Welsh
Edinbane
An t-Aodann Bàn
Scottish Gaelic
Eigg
Eige
Scottish Gaelic
Elgol
Ealaghol
Scottish Gaelic
Eriskay
Èirisgeigh
Scottish Gaelic
Fishguard
Abergwaun
Welsh
Flint
Y Fflint
Welsh
Flowerdale
Am Baile Mòr
Scottish Gaelic
Fort Augustus
Cille Chuimein
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Kilwhimin
Fort William
An Gearasdan
Scottish Gaelic
Fortrose
A' Chananaich
Scottish Gaelic
Glamorgan
Morgannwg
Welsh
Goodwick
Wdig
Welsh
Gower Peninsula
Gŵyr
Welsh
Great Orme
Y Gogarth
Welsh
Harlosh
Hèarrlois
Scottish Gaelic
Harris
Na Hearadh
Scottish Gaelic
Haverfordwest
Hwlfford
Welsh
Hawarden
Penarlâg
Welsh
Hay-on-Wye
Y Gelli Gandryll
Welsh
Holyhead
Caergybi
Welsh
Holywell
Treffynnon
Welsh
Holywood, Dumfriesshire
Doire Chonaill
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Dercongal
Howmore
Tobha Mòr
Scottish Gaelic
Iona
Ì Chaluim Chille
Scottish Gaelic
Islay
Ìle
Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Lewis
Leodhas
Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Mull
Muile
Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Skye
Sgitheneach
Scottish Gaelic
Isleornsay
Eilean Iarmain
Scottish Gaelic
Jura
Diùra
Scottish Gaelic
Kincardineshire
A' Mhaorainn
Scottish Gaelic
Sometimes called The Mearns
Knighton
Tref-y-clawdd
Welsh
Kyleakin
Caol Àcain
Scottish Gaelic
Kylerhea
Caol Reatha
Scottish Gaelic
Lampeter
Llanbedr Pont Steffan
Welsh
Laurencekirk
Coinmheadh
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Conveth
Laxdale
Lacadal
Scottish Gaelic
Leurbost
Liùrbost
Scottish Gaelic
Leverburgh
An t-Òbh
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Obbe
Linlithgow
Gleann Iucha
Scottish Gaelic
Llandovery
Llanymddyfri
Welsh
Llantwit Major
Llanilltud Fawr
Welsh
Lochboisdale
Loch Baghasdail
Scottish Gaelic
Lochmaddy
Loch nam Madadh
Scottish Gaelic
Lochnagar
Beinn Chìochan
Scottish Gaelic
Menai Bridge
Porthawethwy
Welsh
Menai Strait
Afon Menai
Welsh
Welsh name means "River Menai"
Merionethshire
Meirionydd
Welsh
Milford Haven
Aberdaugleddau
Welsh
Milovaig
Miolabhaig
Scottish Gaelic
Mold
Yr Wyddgrug
Welsh
Monmouth
Trefynwy
Welsh
Monmouthshire
Sir Fynwy
Welsh
Montgomeryshire
Trefaldwyn
Welsh
Mountain Ash
Aberpennar
Welsh
Muck
Muc
Scottish Gaelic
Neath
Castell-nedd
Welsh
Newbridge
Trecelyn
Welsh
Newport
Casnewydd
Welsh
Newtonferry
Port nan Long
Scottish Gaelic
Newtown
Y Drenewydd
Welsh
Northop
Llaneurgain
Welsh
Orsay
Orasaigh
Scottish Gaelic
Pembrokeshire
Penfro
Welsh
Pont Neath Vaughan
Pontneddfechan
Welsh
Dated
Port Askaig
Port Asgaig
Scottish Gaelic
Port Charlotte
Port Sgioba
Scottish Gaelic
Port Dinorwic
Y Felinheli
Welsh
Dated
Port Ellen
Port Ìlain
Scottish Gaelic
Port of Ness
Port Nis
Scottish Gaelic
Portmadoc
Porthmadog
Welsh
Dated
Portnaguran
Port nan Giùran
Scottish Gaelic
Portnahaven
Port na-hAbhainn
Scottish Gaelic
Portree
Port Righ
Scottish Gaelic
Presteigne
Llanadras
Welsh
Puffin Island
Ynys Seiriol
Welsh
Raasay
Ratharsair
Scottish Gaelic
Radnorshire
Maesyfed
Welsh
Rhondda Cynon Taf
Aberpenna
Welsh
Rhymney
Rhymni
Welsh
River Forth
An Abhainn Dubh
Scottish Gaelic
River Severn
Hafren
Welsh
River Towy
Afon Tywi
Welsh
River Usk
Afon Wysg
Welsh
River Wye
Afon Gwy
Welsh
Rodel
Roghadal
Scottish Gaelic
Rothesay
Baile Bhòid
Scottish Gaelic
Saint Asaph
Llanelwy
Welsh
Saint David's
Tyddewi
Welsh
Saint Kilda
Hiort
Scottish Gaelic
Main island called Hirta
Salen
An t-Sàilean
Scottish Gaelic
Scalpay
Sgalpaigh
Scottish Gaelic
Scarinish
Sgarainis
Scottish Gaelic
Scotland
Alba
Scottish Gaelic
Skigersta
Sgiogarstaigh
Scottish Gaelic
Snowdon
Yr Wyddfa
Welsh
Snowdonia
Eryri
Welsh
Soay
Sòdhaigh
Scottish Gaelic
South Queensferry
Cas Chaolais
Scottish Gaelic
Formerly Caschillis
Staffa
Stafa
Scottish Gaelic
Stein
Steinn
Scottish Gaelic
Stoneybridge
Staoinebrig
Scottish Gaelic
Stornoway
Steòrnabhagh
Scottish Gaelic
Swansea
Abertawe
Welsh
Tain
Baile Dubhthaich
Scottish Gaelic
Tarbert
Tairbeart
Scottish Gaelic
Tarskavaig
Tarsgabhaig
Scottish Gaelic
Tenby
Dynbich-y-pysgod
Welsh
The Cobbler
Beinn Artair
Scottish Gaelic
Also called Ben Arthur
Tigharry
Taigh a'Gherraidh
Scottish Gaelic
Tintern
Dindyrn
Welsh
Tiree
Tiriodh
Scottish Gaelic
Tobermory
Tobar Mhoire
Scottish Gaelic
Torrin
Na Torrain
Scottish Gaelic
Troon
An Truthail
Scottish Gaelic
Towyn
Tywyn
Welsh
Dated
Uist
Uibhist
Scottish Gaelic
Ulva
Ulbha
Scottish Gaelic
Usk
Brynbuga
Welsh
Vale of Glamorgan
Bro Morgannwg
Welsh
Vatersay
Bhatarsaigh
Scottish Gaelic
Wishaw
Camasneachdain
Scottish Gaelic
Wales
Cymru
Welsh
Welshpool
Y Trallwng
Welsh
Whitland
Hendy-gwyn
Welsh
Wrexham
Wrecsam
Welsh
United States[edit]
Several places in the United States have additional names in various Native languages.
United States
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Allegheny River
Ohi:'i:o
Seneca
Mount McKinley
Denali
Koyukon
See Denali-Mount McKinley naming dispute
Mount Rainier
Tacoma
Salish
Red House
Joë'hesta
Seneca
Vietnam[edit]
All cities and towns are often spelled without diacritics; names without them are not listed here.
Vietnam Việt Nam
English name
Endonym
Notes
Name
Language
Annamite Range
Dãy Trường Sơn
Vietnamese
Black River
Sông Đà
Vietnamese
Cholon
Chợ Lớn
Vietnamese
Faifo[23]
Hội An
Vietnamese
Obsolete
Haiphong
Hải Phòng
Vietnamese
Ha Long Bay
Vịnh Hạ Long
Vietnamese
Hanoi
Hà Nội
Vietnamese
Marble Mountains
Ngũ Hành Sơn
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name means "Five Elements Mountains"
Mekong River
Sông Mê Kông / Sông Cửu Long
Vietnamese
Perfume River
Sông Hương
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name means "Fragrant River"
Red River
Sông Hồng
Vietnamese
West Lake
Hồ Tây
Vietnamese
See also[edit]
List of European exonyms
List of European regions with alternative names
List of European rivers with alternative names
List of English exonyms for German toponyms—some no longer current
List of renamed Indian public places—some without current acceptance
References[edit]
^Peeter Päll, Estonia, "Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?" UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names, Working Group on Romanization Systems (2002)
^Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman - 2007- Page 16 "2.2.11 This brings us on to the question of romanization. Does the application of a romanization system turn an endonym into an exonym? In his GeoNames 2000 paper Do Romanization Systems Create Exonyms?, Peeter Päll argued convincingly.."
^M. B. Hooker Laws of South-East Asia: The pre-modern texts 1986 - Page 23 "Place names such as Rangoon, Mandalay, Pegu and Moulmein have been left in the English form which is familiar to the non-Burmese reader. Personal names also have been left in the old romanization which seems to be familiar to.."
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n oUtrata Fachwörterbuch: Geographie - Englisch-Deutsch/Deutsch-Englisch by Jürgen Utrata (2014). Retrieved 10 Apr 2014.
^ a b c d e fWorsch, Wolfgang (2004). Langenscheidt Muret-Sanders Großwörterbuch, Teil II, Deutsch-Englisch , Langenscheidt KG, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Zurich, New York, pp. 1269-1272. ISBN 3-468-02126-7.
^Willemyns, Roland. Dutch: Biography of a Language. Oxford University Press. 2013.
^"Tierra del Fuego Province (Argentina)". www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
^Kaske, Elisabeth (2008). "The Politics of Language in Chinese Education". Brill. p. 52. ISBN 978-9004163676.
^Chew, Phillis Ghim-Lian (2013). Emergent Lingua Francas and World Orders: The Politics and Place of English as a World Language. Routledge. p. 254. ISBN 978-1135235567.
^Forêt, Philippe (2000). Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise. University of Hawaii Press. p. xv. ISBN 9780824822934.
^Webb, Adrian. The Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. 2008.
^Dorit Diskin Ravid Spelling Morphology 2012- Page 10 "For example, in the Hebraist tradition, current v would be transcribed as either w or b following Hebrew graphemes – so that official place names on road signs in Israel can be quite misleading to non-Hebrew readers traveling around Israel."
^"Viangchan definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2020-05-02.
^Robert D. Kaplan. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. 1993. (Picador, 2014.) p. 119. ISBN 9781466868304
^Bewes, Diccon. Swiss Watching: Inside the Land of Milk and Honey. p.vii. 2012.
^(PDF). 2013-04-29 https://web.archive.org/web/20130429181932/http://www.uri.edu/iaics/content/2009v18n2/12%20Jian-Feng%20Wei.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2020-12-05. Missing or empty |title= (help)
^Exonyms and the International Standardisation of Geographical Names: Approaches towards the Resolution of an Apparent Contradiction Peter Jordan, Milan Orožen Adamič, Paul Woodman, Vienna 2007 Page 210 [lists Istanbul, as an English exonym of İstanbul. Istanbul appears to be the only English exonym listed for any Turkish city].
^Lonely Planet Turkey ed. Verity Campbell 2007 Page 233 "There are also flights between İzmir and Europe on various European airlines (see p672). With the launch of İzmir Airlines, direct flights to Europe will greatly increase, and İzmir is billed to become one of Turkey's biggest hubs." and Page 291 "Original İznik tiles are antiquities and cannot be exported from Turkey, but new tiles make great, if not particularly cheap, souvenirs."
^James Steele (1990). Turkey - A Traveller's Historical and Architectural Guide. Scorpion. pp. 161–162. ISBN 0-905906-72-1.
^"General Assembly Adopts Resolution Urging Russian Federation to Withdraw Its Armed Forces from Crimea, Expressing Grave Concern about Rising Military Presence | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases". www.un.org. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
^Jean-Pierre Duteil Alexandre de Rhodes' Histoire du royaume du Tonkin 1999 Page 37 "Tourane se développe aux dépends de Faifo à la fin du XVIfle siècle, et l'éclipsé à peu près complètement au XTXe. "Faifo" doit son nom au "marché" (phô) de Hôi an (Hôi-an phô). "Tourane" correspondrait à la prononciation chinoise de .."