Соединенные Штаты Америки был создан 4 июля 1776 года, с Декларацией независимости от тринадцати британских колоний в Северной Америке . В Резолюции Ли от 2 июля 1776 года колонии решили, что они являются свободными и независимыми государствами. Союз был официально оформлен в статьях Конфедерации , которые вступили в силу 1 марта 1781 года после ратификации всеми 13 штатами. Их независимость была признана Великобританией в Парижском договоре 1783 года, которым завершилась Война за независимость США.. Это фактически удвоило размер колоний, которые теперь могут простираться на запад, мимо Линии Прокламации, до реки Миссисипи . Эта земля была разделена на территории, а затем на штаты, хотя оставался некоторый конфликт с грантами на море-море, на которые претендовали некоторые из первоначальных колоний. Со временем эти гранты были переданы федеральному правительству.
Первое большое расширение страны произошло с покупкой Луизианы в 1803 году, которая удвоила территорию страны, хотя юго-восточная граница с испанской Флоридой была предметом многих споров, пока она и испанские претензии на страну Орегон не были переданы США в 1821 году. Страна Орегон дала Соединенным Штатам доступ к Тихому океану , хотя какое-то время он был разделен с Соединенным Королевством . [1] Аннексия Республики Техас в 1845 году привела непосредственно к американо-мексиканской войне , после которой победившие Соединенные Штаты получили северную половину территории Мексики , включая то, что быстро стало штатом Калифорния . [2] Однако по мере того, как развитие страны продвигалось на запад, вопрос рабства становился все более важным, с энергичными дебатами о том, допустят ли новые территории рабство и такие события, как Компромисс в Миссури и Кровотечение в Канзасе . Это достигло апогея в 1860 и 1861 годах, когда правительства южных штатов объявили о своем отделении от страны и образовали Конфедеративные Штаты Америки . Американская гражданская война привела к поражению Конфедерации в 1865 году и в конечном итоге реадмиссии государств в Конгрессе Соединенных Штатов . Культурная вера в очевидную судьбу Соединенных Штатов дала мощный импульс экспансии на запад в 19 веке.
Расширение страны за пределы Северной Америки началось в 1856 году с принятием Закона об островах Гуано , в результате чего были заявлены права на многие небольшие и необитаемые, но экономически важные острова в Тихом океане и Карибском море . [3] От большинства этих заявлений в конечном итоге отказались из-за конкурирующих требований других стран или добычи гуано. Расширение Тихого океана завершилось аннексией Гавайев в 1898 году после свержения его правительства пятью годами ранее. Аляска , последнее крупное приобретение в Северной Америке, была куплена у России в 1867 году.
Поддержка независимости Кубы от Испанской империи и крушение военного корабля США Мэн привели к испано-американской войне в 1898 году, в которой Соединенные Штаты получили Гуам , Пуэрто-Рико и Филиппины и оккупировали Кубу на несколько лет. . Американское Самоа было приобретено Соединенными Штатами в 1900 году после окончания Второй гражданской войны в Самоа . [4] Соединенные Штаты приобрели Виргинские острова США у Дании в 1917 году. [5] Гуам и Пуэрто-Рико остаются территориями; Филиппины стали независимыми в 1946 году, после того как они были крупным театром Второй мировой войны . После войны многие острова были возложены на США со стороны Организации Объединенных Наций , [6] и в то время как Северные Марианские острова остаются на территории США, Маршалловы острова , Федеративные Штаты Микронезии и Палау вышел из доверия территории в качестве независимых государств. Последним крупным международным изменением было приобретение в 1904 году и возвращение Панаме в 1979 году зоны Панамского канала , некорпоративной территории США, которая контролировала Панамский канал . Окончательная передача официального контроля над регионом Панаме произошла в 1999 году.
Что касается внутренних границ, хотя территории могут сильно меняться в размерах, однажды образовавшиеся государства обычно сохраняют свои первоначальные границы. Только четыре штата - Мэн , Кентукки , Вермонт и Западная Вирджиния - были созданы из земель, на которые претендует другой штат; все остальные были созданы с территорий или непосредственно в результате приобретений. Четыре штата - Луизиана , Миссури , Невада и Пенсильвания - значительно расширились за счет приобретения дополнительных федеральных территорий после их первоначального вступления в Союз. Последнее состояние из смежных Соединенных Штатов , обычно называют «ниже 48», был принят в 1912 году; пятидесятых и самое последнее состояние был принят в 1959 году.
Легенда для карт
- Ключ к цветам карты
- Штаты США (внутренние карты), бесспорная территория США (карты споров)
- Территории США (внутренние карты)
- спорная территория США
- область изменена событием
1776–1784 (американская революция)
Дата | Мероприятие | Изменить карту |
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2 июля 1776 г. и 4 июля 1776 г. | Тринадцать колоний по Королевству Великобритании в Северной Америке все вместе объявили о своей независимости , как Соединенные Штаты Америки, [а] , хотя несколько колоний уже индивидуально объявили независимость: [7]
Столица специально не устанавливалась; в то время Континентальный Конгресс собирался в Филадельфии . [24] [25] Многие государства имели нечетко определенные и обследованные границы; они не отмечены как оспариваемые на картах, если только не было активного спора. Границы Северной Каролины были особенно плохо обследованы, ее граница с Южной Каролиной была разбита на несколько частей, ни один из которых не соответствовал духу хартии, [26] [27], а ее граница с Вирджинией была обследована только примерно на полпути вглубь суши. из моря. Несколько северо-восточных штатов предъявляли частично совпадающие претензии: Коннектикут, Массачусетский залив и Нью-Йорк претендовали на землю к западу от принятых ими границ, перекрывая друг друга и со значительными претензиями со стороны Вирджинии. Из этих трех только Коннектикут серьезно отстаивал свои требования, в то время как Вирджиния, как полагают, имела наиболее законные претензии на обширный северо-запад, разделив его на округа и сохранив некоторый ограниченный контроль. На все новые Соединенные Штаты претендовала Великобритания, включая остров Макиас Сил и Норт-Рок , два небольших острова у северо-восточного побережья, которые до сих пор остаются спорными. [28] | Споры:
|
20 сентября 1776 г. | Графства Нью-Касл, Кент и Сассекс на территории штата Делавэр приняли конституцию , переименовав себя в штат Делавэр . [29] | |
28 сентября 1776 г. | Штат Пенсильвания принял конституцию , переименовав себя в Содружество Пенсильвании . [30] | без изменений на карте |
20 декабря 1776 г. | Чтобы избежать наступления британских войск на Филадельфию , Континентальный конгресс начал встречу в Балтиморе . [24] [25] | |
15 января 1777 г. | Северо-восточный регион Нью-Йорка , известный как Гранты Нью-Гэмпшира , провозгласил независимость как Нью-Коннектикут . [31] [32] [33] | Споры:
|
4 марта 1777 г. | Континентальный Конгресс вернулся в Филадельфии после того , как угроза ему британских сил закончилась. [24] [25] | |
4 июня 1777 г. | Новый Коннектикут был переименован в Вермонт . [33] [31] | Споры:
|
27 сентября 1777 г. | Континентальный Конгресс бежал Филадельфию после американского поражения в битве при Брендивайне , и кратко встретился в Ланкастере, штат Пенсильвания [24] [25] | |
30 сентября 1777 г. | Континентальный Конгресс продолжал двигаться от Филадельфии , поселившись в Йорке, штат Пенсильвания . [24] [25] | |
11 июня 1778 г. | Вермонт утверждал, что назывался «Восточный союз», состоящий из нескольких городов в Нью-Гэмпшире, которые 12 марта 1778 года подали прошение о присоединении к Вермонту из-за опасений, что их штат уделяет слишком много внимания своему прибрежному региону. Вермонт так и не получил полного контроля над этим районом. [31] [34] [35] [36] [b] | Споры: |
21 октября 1778 г. | Из - за давления со стороны Континентального конгресса , Вермонт отменила аннексию Восточного Союза; законодательный орган объявил 12 февраля 1779 г., что Восточный союз должен считаться недействительным с самого начала. [34] [35] [36] | Споры: |
2 июля 1779 г. | Континентальный Конгресс вернулся в Филадельфию следующего британского вывода . [24] [25] | |
31 августа 1779 г. | Вирджиния отказалась от претензий на юго-запад Пенсильвании . [19] [37] | |
Март 1780 г. | Северная Каролина и Вирджиния обследовали свою границу дальше в глубь страны. Съемка Вирджинии достигла реки Теннесси , но Северная Каролина дошла только до Камберлендского разрыва , и, поскольку эти две съемки находились примерно в двух милях друг от друга, это создало тонкую территорию, на которую претендуют оба штата. В то время как граница должна была проходить на 36 ° 30 'северной широты , из-за ошибок первых съемок граница повернула на север, достигнув расстояния в семнадцать миль к тому времени, когда она достигла реки Теннесси. [38] [23] | |
25 октября 1780 г. | Штат Массачусетс-Бей принял конституцию , переименовав себя в Содружество Массачусетса . | |
1 марта 1781 г. | В Статьи конфедерации вступили в силу. [39] | без изменений на карте |
4 апреля 1781 г. | Вермонт снова потребовал создания Восточного союза, состоящего из нескольких городов в Нью-Гэмпшире, которые хотели присоединиться к Вермонту; Было интересно больше городов, чем во время первой попытки в 1778 году, хотя, опять же, точная протяженность границ неизвестна. Вермонт так и не получил полного контроля над этим районом. [31] [40] [35] [36] [c] | Споры: |
16 июня 1781 г. | Вермонт претендовал на то, что называлось «Западным союзом», состоящим из нескольких городов Нью-Йорка , главным образом для того, чтобы уравновесить попытки Вермонта расширяться на восток. Вермонт так и не получил полного контроля над этим районом. [31] [35] [41] [42] Конкретная дата этого неясна; источники предполагают 16 июня, 26 июня и 18 июля. [d] | Споры: |
22 февраля 1782 г. | Вермонт отказался от попыток аннексировать Восточный союз из Нью-Гэмпшира и Западный союз из Нью-Йорка . [31] [36] [42] [43] | Споры: |
29 октября 1782 г. | Федеральное правительство приняло уступку из Нью - Йорка его западных претензий, которые государство переходящих от 17 февраля 1780 года ; Нью-Йорк объявил своей новой западной границей линией, проведенной к югу от западной оконечности озера Онтарио . В максимальной интерпретации, государство заявило права на территорию, ограниченную озером Эри , озером Гурон и озером Мичиган ; в реки Иллинойс , Миссисипи и Теннесси ; и на север вдоль Аппалачских гор , заканчиваясь на границе с Пенсильванией . [44] Неясно, откуда это заявление; многие источники утверждают, что Нью-Йорк сдал его, но очень немногие уточняют, как он был получен. Один источник утверждает, что это была уступка Шести Наций , которые завоевали большую часть региона. [45] Однако Нью-Йорк никогда серьезно не приводил в исполнение эти требования. Передача включала небольшую оконечность Нью-Йорка к северу от Пенсильвании, которая стала известна как Треугольник Эри . [46] [17] | |
30 декабря 1782 г. | Съезд Конфедерации объявил о том , что земля, штат Коннектикут утверждал в северной Пенсильвании была часть Пенсильвании, пытаясь таким образом положить конец Pennamite-Yankee войны . [47] [19] Заявление было продолжением самой северной и самой южной границ Коннектикута на запад, минуя Нью-Джерси и Нью-Йорк , хотя, поскольку северная граница Коннектикута находилась в нескольких милях к северу от северной границы Пенсильвании , небольшой участок Нью-Йорка был также утверждал. Хотя конфликт продолжался в течение некоторого времени, на этом официальные претензии Коннектикута закончились. | |
30 июня 1783 г. | Пенсильвания Мятеж 1783 и Пенсильвания реакция правительства на него, вызвали съезд Конфедерации , чтобы оставить Филадельфию для Принстона . [24] | |
26 ноября 1783 г. | Конгресс Конфедерации вновь созван в Аннаполисе . [24] | |
1 марта 1784 г. | Вирджиния уступила свои претензии к северо-западу от реки Огайо федеральному правительству. [48] [23] Коннектикут продолжал требовать свои западные земли, которые перекрывали уступку Вирджинии. | |
12 мая 1784 г. | Великобритания признала независимость Соединенных Штатов, прекратив притязания на страну. [49] [50] [e] Соглашение положило конец Войне за независимость в Америке , хотя военные действия в значительной степени прекратились после франко-американской победы в Йорктауне 19 октября 1781 года. Из-за двусмысленности и плохого знания географии договор был неясен в нескольких областях:
Мир Парижа также участвуют договора с Францией и Испанией , с Великобританией уступая Floridas в Испанию . Во время владения Западной Флоридой британцы переместили ее границу на север, и уступка территории Испании, по-видимому, распространялась на всю британскую колонию. Однако британско-американский договор предоставил расширение Западной Флориды Соединенным Штатам, где он расширил Джорджию на юг до 31 ° северной широты , указывая на то, что только первоначальное определение Западной Флориды должно было быть передано Испании. Местные испанские губернаторы также предприняли попытку занять форты вдоль реки Миссисипи , претендуя на все, что к югу от реки Теннесси ; Неизвестно, насколько официальными или убедительными были эти утверждения, и они не нанесены на карту, поскольку находятся в противоречии с другим испанским заявлением, касающимся границы Западной Флориды. [51] | Споры: |
1784–1803 (Организация территории)
Дата | Мероприятие | Изменить карту |
---|---|---|
23 августа 1784 г. | Регион в центральной части Северной Каролины (современный восточный Теннесси ), недовольный государственным управлением этим районом, провозгласил независимость от штата как штат Франкленд . [f] [52] Правительство Франкленда удерживало некоторый контроль над территорией и подавало петиции о государственности, получая поддержку от семи из девяти требуемых штатов, но продержалось всего несколько лет. [53] [54] | Неофициальное изменение: |
1 ноября 1784 г. | Конгресс Конфедерации перемещали в течение короткого промежутка времени в Трентон . [24] | |
11 января 1785 г. | Съезд Конфедерации переехал в Нью - Йорк , и будет жить там в течение пяти лет. [24] | |
19 апреля 1785 г. | Федеральное правительство приняло цессии от Массачусетса ее крайней западной претензии, которые никогда серьезно не насильственному. [g] [44] [13] | Менять только на бумаге: |
Июнь 1785 г. | Штат Франкленд был переименован в штат Франклин , чтобы побудить Бенджамина Франклина поддержать штат, но он отказался. [53] | Неофициальное изменение: |
13 сентября 1786 г. | Коннектикут уступил свои западные претензии федеральному правительству, за исключением своего Западного резерва , хотя неясно, какой контроль они имели над уступленным регионом. [h] [8] [55] | Менять только на бумаге: |
16 декабря 1786 г. | Массачусетс отказался от претензий на западный Нью-Йорк , хотя неясно, удерживал ли Массачусетс когда-либо контроль над регионом, поскольку это требование касалось «почвы, а не суверенитета». [i] [44] [13] Эта земля была позже известна как Покупка Фелпса и Горхэма . | Менять только на бумаге: |
13 июля 1787 г. | Территория к северо-западу от реки Огайо , переданная ранее Вирджинией , была организована и широко известна как Северо-Западная территория . [56] [57] | |
9 августа 1787 г. | Южная Каролина уступила свои западные претензии федеральному правительству [58] [22], хотя это было результатом неточной географии, и Южная Каролина никогда не претендовала на эту землю. Претензия касалась полосы земли между границей Северной Каролины и истоком реки Тугалу, но, что в то время было неизвестно, река берет свое начало в Северной Каролине. Восточная часть этой уступки будет передана Грузии в 1802 году, несмотря на то, что технически Грузия уже имела претензии на землю. | Менять только на бумаге: |
7 декабря 1787 г. | Делавэр стал первым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию Соединенных Штатов . [59] | без изменений на карте |
12 декабря 1787 г. | Пенсильвания стала вторым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [60] | без изменений на карте |
18 декабря 1787 г. | Нью-Джерси стал третьим штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [61] | без изменений на карте |
2 января 1788 г. | Грузия стала четвертым государством, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [62] | без изменений на карте |
6 января 1788 г. | Коннектикут стал пятым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [63] | без изменений на карте |
6 февраля 1788 г. | Массачусетс стал шестым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [64] | без изменений на карте |
28 апреля 1788 г. | Мэриленд стал седьмым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [65] | без изменений на карте |
23 мая 1788 г. | Южная Каролина стала восьмым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [66] | без изменений на карте |
21 июня 1788 г. | Нью-Гэмпшир стал девятым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию ; [67] с этого момента Конституция стала действующим руководящим документом тех девяти штатов, которые ратифицировали ее (согласно статье VII ). | без изменений на карте |
25 июня 1788 г. | Вирджиния стала десятым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [68] | без изменений на карте |
26 июля 1788 г. | Нью-Йорк стал одиннадцатым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [69] | без изменений на карте |
Февраль 1789 г. | Джон Севьер , губернатор штата Франклин , присягнул на верность Северной Каролине , фактически положив конец заявленной независимости Франклина. [53] [70] | Неофициальное изменение: |
7 августа 1789 г. | Северо - Западный край был преобразован в соответствии с Конституцией . [71] | без изменений на карте |
21 ноября 1789 г. | Северная Каролина стала двенадцатым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [72] | без изменений на карте |
2 апреля 1790 г. | Северная Каролина уступила свою западную половину федеральному правительству. [j] [73] [54] | |
26 мая 1790 г. | Земля, недавно переданная Северной Каролине, была организована как территория к югу от реки Огайо, широко известная как Юго-Западная территория . [54] [74] | |
29 мая 1790 г. | Род-Айленд стал тринадцатым штатом, ратифицировавшим Конституцию . [75] | без изменений на карте |
6 декабря 1790 г. | Согласно Закону о проживании , Конгресс Соединенных Штатов переехал в Филадельфию на десять лет, пока не был построен и готов федеральный округ . [24] [25] [76] | |
4 марта 1791 г. | Вермонт , который считался частью Нью-Йорка, несмотря на независимость с 1777 года, был признан четырнадцатым штатом. [k] [31] [77] | Споры: |
30 марта 1791 г. | Округ Колумбия , в федеральном округе планируется разместить федеральное правительство к 1800 году , был сформирован из земли , удержанные по Мэриленде и Вирджинии , [78] , [79] , состоящий из 100 квадратных миль алмаз, с его южной оконечности в Jones Поинт , расставив река Потомак . Однако этого названия ему пока не давали, а называли просто федеральным округом. В сентябре 1791 года уполномоченные, отвечающие за планирование города, назвали его «территорией Колумбии», и различные законы относились к округу Колумбия, но иногда неофициально. Похоже, что этот район официально не назывался «Округ Колумбия», по крайней мере, до органического акта 1871 года . [80] Поскольку название «Колумбия» использовалось с самого начала и, по крайней мере, неофициально правительством, начиная с этой даты на карте будет использоваться «Округ Колумбия». | |
3 марта 1792 г. | Пенсильвания приобрела треугольник Эри у федерального правительства. [19] | |
1 июня 1792 г. | Западная половина Вирджинии , которую штат согласился в 1789 году уступить федеральному правительству [81], была признана пятнадцатым штатом Кентукки . [l] [83] [82] | |
12 июня 1792 г. | Штат Делавэр принял новую конституцию , переименовав себя в штат Делавэр . [84] | без изменений на карте |
3 августа 1795 г. | Представители Соединенных Штатов и Западной Конфедерации подписывают Гринвиллский договор , положивший конец Северо-Западной индийской войне и уступивший большую часть современного штата Огайо контролю Соединенных Штатов. [85] | без изменений на карте |
29 февраля 1796 г. | Великобритания согласилась оставить несколько фортов на северо-западе, которые она все еще занимала, включая Детройт . Договор Джея также предусматривал создание комиссий для определения границы между северо-западной точкой озера Вудс и истоком реки Миссисипи , а также какую реку считать рекой Санта-Крус . [86] | без изменений на карте |
25 апреля 1796 г. | Северная половина Западной Флориды была передана по Испании , решение спора в регионе. [87] [88] | Споры: |
1 июня 1796 г. | Southwest территория была принята в качестве шестнадцатого государства, Теннесси . [54] [89] | |
7 апреля 1798 г. | Из-за мошенничества с землей в Yazoo закон уполномочил президента Джона Адамса назначить уполномоченных для переговоров с Грузией об уступке ее западной земли. В соответствии с этим законом территория Миссисипи была создана из юго-западной части Джорджии в регионе, недавно переданном Западной Флориде , но при этом сохранялось, что Джорджия все еще имеет права на эту территорию. [90] [91] | |
25 октября 1798 г. | Комиссары согласовали источник реки Санта-Крус , установив нижнюю часть границы между Массачусетсом и Великобританией и, таким образом, где берет начало восточная линия север-юг. [92] | Споры: |
9 июня 1800 г. | Коннектикут передал свой Западный заповедник федеральному правительству, которое отнесло его к Северо-Западной территории . [93] Закон об этом был принят Конгрессом 28 апреля 1800 года, и Коннектикут одобрил его в этот день. [94] | |
4 июля 1800 г. | Территория Индианы была организована из западной части Северо-Западной территории . [м] [96] [95] | |
17 ноября 1800 г. | Конгресс США переехал в Вашингтон в округе Колумбия , в настоящее время построен и готов стать столицей. [24] Это было за две недели до 1 декабря, установленного Законом о проживании ; Президент Джон Адамс призвал Конгресс действовать как можно раньше в надежде получить достаточно голосов южан для переизбрания, но это не удалось. [97] | |
1 января 1801 г. | Королевство Великобритании объединились с Королевством Ирландии , переименовав себя Соединенного Королевства . [98] | |
27 февраля 1801 г. | Округ Колумбия был организован . [79] [99] | без изменений на карте |
26 апреля 1802 г. | Джорджия уступила свою западную часть, известную как земли Язу , федеральному правительству. [n] В то же время федеральное правительство уступило Джорджии восточную часть земли, ранее уступленную Южной Каролиной , хотя на самом деле Джорджия технически уже имела право собственности на землю, поскольку описание более ранней уступки было основано на ошибочной понимание географии. [11] | |
1 марта 1803 г. | Южная половина Северо-Западной территории , вместе с тонкой полосой территории Индиана , была признана семнадцатым штатом Огайо . Остальная часть Северо-Западной территории была передана Территории Индианы. [100] [56] Западная граница была линией к северу от устья реки Грейт Майами ; Федеральное определение северной границы было линией, проведенной к востоку от южной оконечности озера Мичиган , тогда как в Конституции штата Огайо говорилось, что линия должна проходить от южной оконечности озера Мичиган до самого северного мыса залива Моми , по сути, западной оконечности озера. Озеро Эри . Путаница, вызванная этими разными описаниями границ штата, в сочетании с неточным знанием географии, поскольку никто в то время не знал, насколько далеко на юг простирается озеро Мичиган, приведет к конфликту из-за Толедо . | |
3 ноября 1803 г. | Граница между Теннесси и Вирджинией была пересмотрена и установлена, положив конец спору по поводу этой части границы. Граница между Кентукки и Теннесси , несмотря на результаты первоначального исследования, оставалась неопределенной. [38] [101] |
1803–1818 (покупка Луизианы)
Дата | Мероприятие | Изменить карту |
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20 декабря 1803 г. | Соединенные Штаты купили Луизиану у Франции . Это дата официального оборота в Новом Орлеане ; покупка была завершена 30 апреля 1803 года. [102] Передача будет признана в Сент-Луисе в Верхней Луизиане 10 марта 1804 года, известном как День трех флагов . Приобретение расширило Соединенные Штаты до всего бассейна реки Миссисипи , [о] но степень того, что составляло Луизиану на юге, оспаривалась с Испанией : Соединенные Штаты утверждали, что покупка включала часть Западной Флориды к западу от реки Пердидо. , в то время как Испания утверждала, что он заканчивается на западной границе Западной Флориды; [р] [103] и юго - западная граница с Новой Испанией были спорный , так как Соединенные Штаты утверждали реку Sabine в качестве границы, но Испа- это была река Calcasieu и другие. [102] | Споры:
|
1804 г. | « Саутвик Джог » был переведен из Коннектикута в Массачусетс , чтобы положить конец давним разногласиям по поводу границы между двумя штатами. [13] | |
27 марта 1804 г. | Земля между Теннесси и территорией Миссисипи, ранее уступленная Джорджией, была передана территории Миссисипи. [91] [104] | |
1 октября 1804 г. | Территория Орлеана была организована из Луизианской Закупки к югу от 33 ° северной широты , а остальные были обозначены как округ Луизиана и находились под юрисдикцией территории Индиана . [105] [106] | |
30 июня 1805 г. | Территория Мичиган была организована из Территории Индиана , к северу от линии к востоку от южной оконечности озера Мичиган и к востоку от линии к северу от северной оконечности озера. [107] [108] Юго-восточная часть границы технически противоречила определению штата Огайо , который претендовал на полосу Толедо к северу от этой линии; однако точное местонахождение озера Мичиган еще не было известно. | |
4 июля 1805 г. | Округ Луизианы был организован в Луизиане территории . [106] [109] | |
1 марта 1809 г. | Территория Иллинойса была организована из западной части территории Индианы . [q] [111] [110] | |
26 сентября 1810 г. | Республика Западной Флориды провозгласила независимость от Испании , утверждая , что площадь Западной Флориды к западу от реки Пердиды . Он сохранил некоторый контроль над своей территорией. [112] | Споры: |
10 декабря 1810 г. | Вооруженные силы под командованием Уильяма К.К. Клэйборна овладели частью Западной Флориды к западу от реки Чжуцзян после провозглашения этого 27 октября 1810 года президентом Джеймсом Мэдисоном . Соединенные Штаты считали этот регион частью Покупки Луизианы , включая территорию, которая восстала против испанской Флориды и образовала Республику Западная Флорида . В прокламации Мэдисона говорилось, что он должен быть «взят как часть» территории Орлеана . [103] [102] [113] Земля к западу от Мобил-Бэй до Жемчужной реки была оккупирована и аннексирована военными де-факто в 1811 году. [114] : 2a ( карта ) | Споры: |
30 апреля 1812 г. | Большая часть территории Орлеан была признана восемнадцатым штатом Луизиана . [r] [106] [115] Юго-восточная часть, по-видимому, стала неорганизованной территорией, поскольку в течение короткого времени у нее не было определения. | |
14 мая 1812 г. | Заявленная часть Западной Флориды к востоку от Жемчужной реки была отнесена к территории Миссисипи , хотя территория вокруг Мобил-Бэй оставалась под контролем испанской Флориды . [91] [116] Соединенные Штаты военными оккупировали Мобил и его окрестности вплоть до реки Пердидо в апреле 1813 года. | |
4 июня 1812 г. | Так как теперь его название было присвоено штату Луизиана , территория Луизианы была переименована в Территорию Миссури . [117] [118] | |
4 августа 1812 г. | Оставшаяся заявленная часть Западной Флориды , к западу от Жемчужной реки , была присоединена к Луизиане после того, как этот штат одобрил закон, принятый Конгрессом 14 апреля 1812 года. [119] [120] | |
16 августа 1812 г. | Во время войны 1812 года гарнизон в форте Детройт сдался , в результате чего Соединенное Королевство заняло Детройт , столицу и населенный пункт территории Мичиган . [121] | Споры: |
29 сентября 1813 г. | Форт Детройт был отброшен американскими войсками после битвы на озере Эри , восстановив контроль над территорией Мичиган . [121] [122] | Споры: |
24 августа 1814 г. | Британские войска захватывают и сжигают Вашингтон , но на следующий день вынуждены отступить. Функции столицы были приостановлены лишь на мгновение, хотя президент Джеймс Мэдисон укрылся в Бруквилле, штат Мэриленд . [123] | без изменений на карте |
11 декабря 1816 г. | Южная часть территории Индиана , наряду с небольшими частями территорий Иллинойс и Мичиган , была признана девятнадцатым штатом Индиана . [s] Остальная часть территории Индианы через озеро Мичиган стала неорганизованной территорией. [95] [124] | |
3 марта 1817 г. | Территория Алабама была организована из восточной части территории Миссисипи . [t] [126] [125] | |
10 декабря 1817 г. | Территория Миссисипи была признана двадцатым штатом Миссисипи . [91] [127] | |
6 февраля 1818 г. | Территория Алабамы создала округ Тускалуза с описанием, которое случайно перекликалось с Миссисипи . Граница графства описывалась как «строго западный курс к реке Томбек, а оттуда вверх к порту хлопка-джина». [128] В то время неизвестно, откуда река Томбигби и порт для хлопкового джина произошли в Миссисипи. | Менять только на бумаге: |
30 июня 1818 г. | В соответствии с условиями Договора Гента концовки войны 1812 года Великобритания вернулась Лосиный остров в штате Массачусетс , и Соединенные Штаты вернулись Campobello остров , остров оленей и Гранд Manan остров в Соединенное Королевство, все из которых были захвачены из другая сторона во время войны. [129] | без изменений на карте |
3 декабря 1818 г. | Половина территории Иллинойс к югу от 42 ° 30 'северной широты была признана двадцать первым штатом Иллинойс . Остальная часть территории вместе с неорганизованной территорией, которая недавно была частью территории Индиана , была передана территории Мичиган . [110] [130] |
1819–1845 (Северо-западное расширение)
Дата | Мероприятие | Изменить карту |
---|---|---|
30 января 1819 г. | Договор 1818 года вступил в силу, установив 49 ° на севере , как границы с Соединенным Королевством к западу от озера Вудса , а также о создании Oregon Страны в общей области с Соединенным Королевством. [1] [131] [132] Страна Орегон не имела определенной северной границы, но можно предположить, что она не сильно вторгалась в земли, удерживаемые русскими ; на этой карте для простоты используется установленная позднее линия на 54 ° 40 ′ северной широты . | Северо-запад Северной Америки: |
4 июля 1819 г. | Территория Арканзоу была организована из южной части территории Миссури . [u] [133] [134] | |
14 декабря 1819 г. | Территория Алабама была признана двадцать вторым штатом Алабама . [125] [135] Акт о государственности предусматривал обследование южной части границы с Миссисипи , которая должна была проходить с севера на юг, для корректировки, если обнаружится, что она посягает на установленные округа Миссисипи; позже было обнаружено, что это так. | |
15 марта 1820 г. | В рамках Компромисс Миссури , то округ штата Мэн , северной и отдельной части штата Массачусетс , был принят в качестве двадцать третьего государства, Мэн . [136] [137] | |
21 апреля 1820 г. | Это самая ранняя известная дата, когда название « Территория Арканзаса » официально использовалось вместо «Территория Арканзас». [138] | |
12 мая 1820 г. | Граница между Кентукки и Теннесси была установлена. Чтобы компенсировать тот факт, что граница между ущельем Камберленд и рекой Теннесси повернула на север на целых 17 миль от 36 ° 30 ′ северной широты, было проведено новое исследование, начиная с этой широты на реке Миссисипи и двигаясь на восток до Теннесси. Река, следовательно, эта последняя граница будет соответствовать первоначальному идеалу. [38] | |
19 июля 1820 г. | Наложение продольной южной границы между Алабамой и Миссисипи было разрешено в соответствии с законом, признающим Алабаму штатом, поскольку временная граница вторгалась в Миссисипи. [125] [139] В результате обследования конечная южная граница была перемещена примерно на 3,8 мили к востоку, что изменило границу до тогдашнего северо-западного угла округа Вашингтон в Алабаме. Дата, когда это произошло, неясна; доступные источники сообщают либо неопубликованный отчет от 29 мая 1820 г., либо о завершении демаркации новой линии 19 июля 1820 г. | Менять только на бумаге: |
19 декабря 1820 г. | Алабама пересмотрела границы некоторых графств, положив конец ошибочному перекрытию Миссисипи, созданному 6 февраля 1818 года. [140] | Менять только на бумаге: |
22 февраля 1821 г. | Договор Адамс-Onís с Испании вступил в силу. [103] Многие изменения включали:
| Споры: |
10 июля 1821 г. | Восточная Флорида была официально передана Соединенным Штатам Испанией . [141] | |
July 17, 1821 | West Florida was formally transferred to the United States by Spain.[141] | |
August 10, 1821 | The southeastern corner of Missouri Territory was admitted as the twenty-fourth state, Missouri, the rest becoming unorganized territory.[w][118][142] | |
March 30, 1822 | The former East Florida and West Florida were organized as Florida Territory.[143][144] | |
May 26, 1824 | The half of Arkansas Territory west of a line south from a point 40 miles west of Missouri's western border was returned to unorganized territory.[134][145] | |
January 12, 1825 | A treaty with the Russian Empire established 54°40′ north as the northern border of Oregon Country for American purposes; a separate treaty created the same border between Russia and the United Kingdom.[146] As this was likely the de facto border anyway, the region is already mapped with this line. | no change to map |
May 6, 1828 | A treaty with the Cherokee moved the western border of Arkansas Territory, returning part of it to unorganized territory.[x][134][148] | |
January 20, 1831 | King William I of the Netherlands, having been asked per the Treaty of Ghent to arbitrate the disputed border between Maine and the United Kingdom, rendered his decision: Since reconciling the treaty with the maps given was too difficult, he drew a compromise line. The British government accepted it, but Maine protested, and on January 19, 1832, the American government rejected it.[149] | no change to map |
July 9, 1832 | The region of New Hampshire north of the Connecticut Lakes, which was disputed with the United Kingdom, declared independence as the Republic of Indian Stream.[150] While tiny, it does appear to have maintained some control over its territory. | Disputes: |
June 28, 1834 | Michigan Territory gained a large parcel of land from unorganized territory, extending west to the Missouri River and White Earth River.[108][151] | |
August 5, 1835 | The Republic of Indian Stream recognized the jurisdiction of New Hampshire, thus ending its claimed independence. The date given is of a communication sent to British authorities;[152] other sources note a resolution passed by the citizens of Indian Stream on April 2, 1836.[150] | Disputes: |
June 15, 1836 | Arkansas Territory was admitted as the twenty-fifth state, Arkansas.[134][153] | |
July 3, 1836 | Wisconsin Territory was organized from the western bulk of Michigan Territory.[y][154][155] The two large peninsulas between the Great Lakes remained in Michigan Territory; the upper peninsula was included in exchange for the territory abandoning its claim to the Toledo Strip. The territory initially rejected this plan, but would accept it on December 14. | |
December 14, 1836 | Michigan Territory agreed to abandon its claim to the Toledo Strip, ending its dispute with Ohio.[156] | |
January 26, 1837 | Michigan Territory was admitted as the twenty-sixth state, Michigan.[108][157] | |
March 28, 1837 | The Platte Purchase transferred some land from unorganized territory to northwest Missouri, extending its northern border west to the Missouri River.[118][158] | |
July 3, 1838 | Iowa Territory was organized from Wisconsin Territory west of the Mississippi River.[159][160] | |
February 11, 1839 | Missouri claimed an area north of its border with Iowa Territory, initiating the long dispute known as the Honey War.[161] | |
May 21, 1840 | Surveying conducted along the border with Texas concluded that the area claimed by Arkansas for Miller County belonged to Texas.[162] | |
November 10, 1842 | The Webster–Ashburton Treaty defined the border with the United Kingdom east of the Rocky Mountains.[163][164] One source also mentions it very slightly altering the maritime boundary between Michigan and Wisconsin Territory.[165] The treaty resolved the disputes over the northern borders of Maine and New Hampshire,[z] the northeastern border of Wisconsin Territory,[aa] and Sugar Island with Michigan. The border between New York and Vermont on the one side, and the United Kingdom on the other, was clarified by the treaty. In 1816, construction began on an unnamed fort nicknamed "Fort Blunder" on a peninsula in Lake Champlain that, while south of the surveyed border, was discovered to be north of 45° north, which was the border set by the Treaty of Paris and thus in British territory. Consequently, construction on the fort was abandoned. The Webster–Ashburton Treaty specified that section of the border was to follow the surveyed line, rather than the exact parallel, thus moving the fort's area into the United States, and a new fort, Fort Montgomery, would be built on the spot in 1844.[167] As the earlier line was surveyed, even though it did not match the definition, it was deemed to be the legitimate border. | Disputes: |
July 5, 1843 | Local settlers created a provisional government for Oregon Country. While not official, it did maintain some jurisdiction over the area.[168] | Unofficial change: Northwestern North America: |
March 3, 1845 | Florida Territory was admitted as the twenty-seventh state, Florida.[144][169] |
1845–1860 (расширение на юго-запад)
Date | Event | Change Map |
---|---|---|
December 29, 1845 | The Republic of Texas was annexed and admitted as the twenty-eighth state, Texas, extending the United States southwest to the Rio Grande.[170][171] All of Texas was claimed by Mexico. While many sources state that Mexico recognized the independence of the eastern portion of Texas, the treaties were rejected by the Mexican government. Texas formally handed over sovereignty to the United States in a ceremony on February 19, 1846.[172] The annexation led to the beginning of the Mexican–American War a few months later.[172] | Disputes: |
June 15, 1846 | The Oregon Treaty established 49° north west of the Lake of the Woods as the continental border (so it did not include Vancouver Island) with land held by the United Kingdom. The sharing of Oregon Country ended, and the United States portion became unorganized territory.[173] The treaty was vague on which strait should be the border between Vancouver Island and the continent, thus causing a dispute over ownership of the San Juan Islands.[174] It specified "through the middle of the said channel and of Fuca Straits, to the Pacific Ocean". | Northwestern North America: Disputes: |
September 22, 1846 | Following the capture on August 18, 1846, of Santa Fe, the capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México,[175] a code of laws known as the Kearny Code was created for the area.[176][177] The region overlapped with Texas' claim, though Texas had little to no control over the area outside of its eastern quarter. | Unofficial change: |
December 28, 1846 | The portion of Iowa Territory south of 43°30′ north and east of the Big Sioux River was admitted as the twenty-ninth state, Iowa. The remainder became unorganized territory.[160][178] | |
March 13, 1847 | The District of Columbia retroceded Alexandria County back to Virginia.[79] Congress passed the act on July 9, 1846,[179] residents of Alexandria County were proclaimed by the president to have agreed to it on September 7, 1846,[180] and Virginia took possession of the land on this date.[181] | |
May 29, 1848 | The southern bulk of Wisconsin Territory was admitted as the thirtieth state, Wisconsin.[ab] The remainder became unorganized territory.[155][182] However, the citizens of the remainder decided to continue on with a civil government, and even elected a delegate to the United States House of Representatives who would be seated on January 15, 1849, essentially making this region a de facto continuation of Wisconsin Territory.[183] | |
July 4, 1848 | The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican–American War and ceded a large parcel of land from Mexico, consisting of its territories of Alta California and Santa Fe de Nuevo México, and its claim to Texas.[ac][185] Due to a disagreement over the southern border of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, a border dispute began.[184] | Disputes: |
August 14, 1848 | Oregon Territory was organized from the unorganized territory that was formerly part of Oregon Country.[186][187] | |
February 13, 1849 | The boundary dispute between Iowa and Missouri known as the Honey War was resolved by the Supreme Court of the United States. The resulting border was the Sullivan Line that existed before the dispute, roughly splitting the two claims.[188] | |
March 3, 1849 | Minnesota Territory was organized from the region that had been operating as de facto Wisconsin Territory, and unorganized territory east of the Missouri and White Earth Rivers.[189][166] | |
March 12, 1849 | A local government formed the State of Deseret and claimed a vast portion of the southwest, including most of the Mexican Cession. Though it petitioned to be admitted to the United States, the proposal was rejected and, in 1850, Utah Territory was formed instead.[190] The claimed area overlapped slightly with Texas' claimed area, as well as part of Oregon Territory. | Unofficial change: |
November 24, 1849 | Texas, with consent from the United States Congress,[191] extended its border with Louisiana from the west bank of the Sabine River to the middle of the river.[191][192][193][194] | no change to map |
September 9, 1850 | The western portion of the Mexican Cession was admitted as the thirty-first state, California.[ad][2][195] The portion of the remainder north of 37° north and west of the summit of the Rocky Mountains was organized as Utah Territory.[196][197] Part of Utah Territory overlapped with the portion of Texas that would be purchased on December 13, 1850, but the law authorizing the purchase was passed on this day, so the borders of Utah Territory assumed the purchase will go through. | |
December 9, 1850 | The United Kingdom ceded less than one acre of underwater rock known as Horseshoe Reef in Lake Erie near Buffalo, New York for a lighthouse. It was surrounded by British waters, thus creating a form of enclave.[198] | |
December 13, 1850 | The federal government purchased the western claims of Texas.[ae][171] New Mexico Territory was organized from the part of this land east of the Rio Grande, along with the remaining unorganized territory from the Mexican Cession.[af][200][199] New Mexico Territory included all of the area that had been governed under the Kearny Code. | |
April 5, 1851 | The State of Deseret dissolved itself, its functions and territory largely having been superseded by Utah Territory.[201] | Unofficial change: |
March 2, 1853 | Washington Territory was organized from the half of Oregon Territory north of 46° north and the Columbia River.[202][203] | |
May 30, 1854 | Kansas Territory was organized from unorganized territory north of 37° north, and Nebraska Territory was organized north of 40° north.[204][205][206] Much of the remaining unorganized territory, east of 100° west, became known as Indian Territory, designated as a place to resettle Indian tribes. A small strip between the Texas Panhandle and Kansas Territory was unclaimed, due to falling south of Kansas Territory's border but north of 36°30′ north established in the Missouri Compromise as the northern limit of slavery, and thus Texas could not have it. This became known as the Public Land Strip, or sometimes "No Man's Land".[207] | |
June 30, 1854 | The United States purchased a large parcel from Mexico known as the Gadsden Purchase, as it offered a much better route for a southern transcontinental railroad.[ag][208][209] This resolved the border dispute, since the disputed land was included in the purchase.[184] | Disputes: |
August 4, 1854 | The recently obtained Gadsden Purchase was assigned to New Mexico Territory.[199][210] | |
January 11, 1855 | Due to its inaccessibility from the rest of the state, Boston Corner was transferred from Massachusetts to New York.[211][212][213] | |
March 6, 1855 | The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Florida in a boundary dispute with Georgia, setting the state boundary line along McNeil's line.[214] | no change to map |
October 28, 1856 | Baker Island and Jarvis Island were claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] | Pacific Ocean: |
May 11, 1858 | The eastern half of Minnesota Territory was admitted as the thirty-second state, Minnesota.[ah] The remainder became unorganized territory.[166][215] | |
August 31, 1858 | Navassa Island was claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] | Caribbean Sea: |
December 3, 1858 | Howland Island was claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] | Pacific Ocean: |
February 14, 1859 | The western half of Oregon Territory was admitted as the thirty-third state, Oregon.[ai] The remainder was transferred to Washington Territory.[187][216] | |
July 6, 1859 | A team of surveyors created the "Middleton Offset", a small notch in the border between Kentucky and Tennessee. It is unknown exactly why this was done, though one theory is a local landowner wanted his property in Tennessee.[217][218] | |
September 6, 1859 | Johnston Atoll was claimed under the Guano Islands Act,[3] though it had been claimed by Hawaii in 1858.[219] | Pacific Ocean: |
November 7, 1859 | A local government was set up encompassing parts of the territories of Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Utah, and Washington, with the name of Jefferson Territory.[aj] While never recognized by the federal government, it generally held control over the area until Colorado Territory was established, which adopted most of its laws.[220] | Unofficial change: |
December 27, 1859 | Enderbury Island, McKean Island, Phoenix Island, and Starbuck Island were claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] | Pacific Ocean: |
December 29, 1859 | Christmas Island and Malden Island were claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] | Pacific Ocean: |
February 8, 1860 | Texas created Greer County, claiming part of Indian Territory based on a different understanding from the federal government of which fork of the Red River was the border between the two.[221] Atafu, Birnie Island, Butaritari, Caroline Island, Fanning Island, Flint Island, Gardner Island, Canton Island, Kingman Reef, Manihiki, Marakei, Nukunono, Palmyra Atoll, Penrhyn, Pukapuka, Rakahanga, Swains Island, Sydney Island, Vostok Island, and Washington Island were all claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] Many additional islands were listed as bonded on this date, but based on the coordinates they were either phantoms or duplicates. In addition, Sarah Ann Island was claimed, which may have existed and would be sighted as late as 1917, but has since disappeared.[222] | Pacific Ocean: |
1860–1865 (Гражданская война)
Date | Event | Change Map |
---|---|---|
December 20, 1860 | In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln, South Carolina proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from the Congress of the United States.[223] | Disputes: |
January 9, 1861 | Mississippi proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] | Disputes: |
January 10, 1861 | Florida proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] | Disputes: |
January 11, 1861 | Alabama proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] | Disputes: |
January 19, 1861 | Georgia proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] | Disputes: |
January 26, 1861 | Louisiana proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] However, the 1st and 2nd congressional districts, around New Orleans, maintained representation in Congress. | Disputes: |
January 29, 1861 | The bulk of Kansas Territory east of 25° west from Washington was admitted as the thirty-fourth state, Kansas. The remainder became unorganized territory.[205][224] | |
February 8, 1861 | The Confederate States of America was formed by representatives of the seceded states of Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina.[225] | Disputes: |
February 28, 1861 | Colorado Territory was organized from portions of Nebraska Territory, New Mexico Territory, and Utah Territory, along with unorganized territory.[ak][227][226] | |
March 2, 1861 | Texas proclaimed its secession from the Union and was admitted to the Confederate States,[223][228] withdrawing from Congress. Dakota Territory was organized from Nebraska Territory and the unorganized territory north of it.[al] Nebraska Territory's western border was moved to 27° west from Washington, gaining small portions of Utah Territory and Washington Territory.[206][229][230] Nevada Territory was organized from Utah Territory west of 39° west from Washington.[231][232] | Disputes: |
March 28, 1861 | Representatives in the southern half of New Mexico Territory proclaimed an independent Arizona Territory south of 34° north.[233] | Disputes: |
April 12, 1861 | The Battle of Fort Sumter in South Carolina begins the American Civil War. | Disputes: |
April 17, 1861 | Following the Battle of Fort Sumter and President Abraham Lincoln's call for troops to respond, Virginia proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] However, the 1st (along the Eastern Shore), 7th (near Washington, D.C.), and 10th, 11th, and 12th (in the northwest of the state) congressional districts maintained representation in Congress. | Disputes: |
May 6, 1861 | Arkansas proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] | Disputes: |
May 7, 1861 | Virginia was admitted to the Confederate States.[234] | Disputes: |
May 16, 1861 | Kentucky declared itself neutral in the American Civil War. | no change to map |
May 20, 1861 | Arkansas was admitted to the Confederate States.[235] North Carolina proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] | Disputes: |
May 21, 1861 | North Carolina was admitted to the Confederate States. The law admitting the state required a presidential proclamation before it was to take effect,[236] which sources say took place on this date;[237] the only primary source found so far is a statement from Jefferson Davis on July 20 stating that the proclamation had been made.[238] | Disputes: |
June 6, 1861 | Robert Williamson Steele, governor of Jefferson Territory, declared the territory disbanded and handed over the government to the first governor of Colorado Territory.[220] | Unofficial change: |
June 8, 1861 | Tennessee proclaimed its secession from the Union, withdrawing from Congress.[223] However, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th congressional districts in the central part of the state maintained representation in Congress. | Disputes: |
June 25, 1861 | The federal government recognized the Restored Government of Virginia in Wheeling as the legitimate government of Virginia.[239] | |
July 2, 1861 | Tennessee was admitted to the Confederate States.[240] | Disputes: |
August 1, 1861 | Following Confederate victory in the First Battle of Mesilla, Arizona Territory was proclaimed as part of the Confederate States.[241] | Disputes: |
September 13, 1861 | Following the Confederate occupation of Columbus, Kentucky, on September 3, 1861, the state abandoned neutrality and aligned with the Union government.[242] | no change to map |
October 31, 1861 | A splinter government in Neosho, Missouri, declared the secession of the state from the United States.[223] | Disputes: |
November 20, 1861 | A convention in Russellville, Kentucky, declared the formation of a splinter government in Bowling Green and the secession of Kentucky from the United States.[223] | Disputes: |
November 28, 1861 | The splinter Neosho government of Missouri was admitted to the Confederate States. The Confederate States never held much power over the state, but it was given full representation in the legislature.[243] | Disputes: |
December 10, 1861 | The splinter Bowling Green government of Kentucky was admitted to the Confederate States. The Confederate States never held much power over the state, but it was given full representation in the legislature.[244] | Disputes: |
December 21, 1861 | The Confederate States ratified treaties with the Osage, and the Seneca and Shawnee.[245][246] | Disputes: |
December 23, 1861 | The Confederate States ratified treaties with the Cherokee, granting them a delegate to the Congress of the Confederate States, and with the Seminole, granting them a delegate to be shared with the Creek.[245][246] | Disputes: |
December 31, 1861 | The Confederate States ratified treaties with the Choctaw and Chickasaw, granting them a delegate in the Congress of the Confederate States; with the Comanche; with the Creek, granting them a delegate to be shared with the Seminole; and the Quapaw.[245][246] | Disputes: |
March 1, 1862 | A decree by the Supreme Court of the United States took effect, modifying the border between Massachusetts and Rhode Island.[am][13][247] | |
April 15, 1862 | Palmyra Atoll was annexed by Hawaii, and the American claim falls dormant.[248] | Pacific Ocean: |
July 14, 1862 | The slice of Utah Territory west of 38° west from Washington was transferred to Nevada Territory.[232][249] | |
December 30, 1862 | The Swan Islands were claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] | Caribbean Sea: |
February 24, 1863 | Arizona Territory was organized from the half of New Mexico Territory west of 32° west from Washington.[250][251] | |
March 3, 1863 | Idaho Territory was organized from the parts of Dakota Territory and Nebraska Territory west of 27° west from Washington, and the half of Washington Territory east of the Snake River and a line north from the mouth of the Clearwater River.[252][253] | |
March 4, 1863 | Due to disruption in voting and low turnout, no one was allowed to take the seats in the United States House of Representatives held by the Unionist areas of Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia, effectively expelling the states.[254] | |
June 20, 1863 | The northwestern counties of Virginia, represented by the Restored Government of Virginia in Wheeling, were split from the rest of Virginia and admitted to the Union as the thirty-fifth state, West Virginia.[an][256][255] The Restored Government of Virginia was relocated to Alexandria. | |
August 5, 1863 | Berkeley County was transferred by the federal government from Virginia to West Virginia.[257] | |
November 2, 1863 | Jefferson County was transferred from Virginia to West Virginia.[258] | |
May 26, 1864 | Montana Territory was organized from the northeast third of Idaho Territory,[ao] and the southeast third of Idaho Territory was transferred to Dakota Territory.[ap][259][230][260] | |
October 15, 1864 | Malden Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
October 31, 1864 | Nevada Territory was admitted as the thirty-sixth state, Nevada.[232][262] | |
May 5, 1865 | The Confederate States cabinet met in Washington, Georgia, and dissolved.[263] Military surrenders were scattered throughout 1865, but the most important is regarded as that of the Army of Northern Virginia following the Battle of Appomattox Court House on April 9. | Disputes: |
1866–1897 (Реконструкция и западная государственность)
Date | Event | Change Map |
---|---|---|
May 5, 1866 | The slice of Utah Territory west of 37° west from Washington was transferred to Nevada.[264] | |
July 24, 1866 | Tennessee was readmitted to Congress.[265] | |
December 26, 1866 | Starbuck Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
January 18, 1867 | The northwestern corner of Arizona Territory, west of the Colorado River and 37° west from Washington, was transferred to Nevada. The law transferring the land was approved May 5, 1866, but unlike the Utah Territory transfer of that day, this transfer was contingent on the state accepting it.[264][266] | |
March 1, 1867 | Nebraska Territory was admitted as the thirty-seventh state, Nebraska.[206][267] | |
July 1, 1867 | Canada was formed from several British colonies, including New Brunswick, thus inheriting the dispute over Machias Seal Island and North Rock. | Disputes: |
August 28, 1867 | Midway Atoll was claimed.[268] An attempt had been made at the time of its discovery in 1859 to claim it under the Guano Islands Act.[269] | Pacific Ocean: |
October 18, 1867 | Alaska was purchased from the Russian Empire and designated the Department of Alaska.[aq][271][272] Due to a vague description and lack of quality surveying, the southeastern border with British holdings was unclear and disputed.[270] | Northwestern North America: |
June 22, 1868 | Arkansas was readmitted to Congress.[273] | |
June 25, 1868 | Florida was readmitted to Congress.[274] | |
July 4, 1868 | North Carolina was readmitted to Congress.[275] | |
July 9, 1868 | Louisiana and South Carolina were readmitted to Congress.[276] Caroline Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
July 13, 1868 | Alabama was readmitted to Congress.[277] | |
July 25, 1868 | Georgia was readmitted to Congress.[278] Wyoming Territory was organized from portions of Dakota, Idaho, and Utah Territories.[ar][280][279] The territory would remain under the jurisdiction of the Dakota Territory until its own government was organized on May 19, 1869.[281] The act organizing Wyoming Territory became law on this date, but it is unclear if the territory could be considered "organized" until May 19, 1869, as the act specifies it was not to take effect until a government is organized; however, all sources use this date as the creation, and most use it for the organization, of the territory. A tiny portion of the Dakota Territory was erroneously left behind on the western side of Wyoming Territory.[282] | |
August 12, 1868 | The list of bonded guano island claims mentions "Islands in Caribbean Sea not named" bonded on this date, but it is unknown what this is referring to.[3] | no change to map |
December 11, 1868 | Serrana Bank was claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] Colombia has claimed it throughout its history. | Caribbean Sea: |
March 3, 1869 | Georgia was again expelled from Congress following failures of Reconstruction in the state.[283] | |
November 22, 1869 | Bajo Nuevo Bank, Pedro Cays, Quita Sueño Bank, and Roncador Bank were claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3][268] Except for Pedro Cays, Colombia has claimed them throughout its history. | Caribbean Sea: |
January 26, 1870 | Virginia was readmitted to Congress.[284] | |
February 23, 1870 | Mississippi was readmitted to Congress.[285] | |
March 30, 1870 | Texas was readmitted to Congress.[286] | |
July 15, 1870 | Georgia was again readmitted to Congress.[287] The North-Western Territory was transferred by the United Kingdom to Canada, thus transferring its portion of the Alaska boundary dispute.[288] | Northwestern North America: |
February 9, 1871 | A small parcel was transferred from Dakota Territory to Nebraska following a sudden change in course of the Missouri River.[206][289] | |
July 20, 1871 | British Columbia joined Canada, transferring the dispute over the San Juan Islands as well as its portion of the Alaska boundary dispute.[290] | Disputes: Northwestern North America: |
October 21, 1872 | The dispute with Canada over the San Juan Islands was resolved in the favor of the United States claim.[174] | Disputes: |
1873 | Vostok Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[291] | Pacific Ocean: |
February 17, 1873 | The small portion of Dakota Territory that was left behind when Wyoming Territory was created was transferred to Montana Territory.[282][292] | |
August 1, 1876 | Colorado Territory was admitted as the thirty-eighth state, Colorado.[226][293] | |
August 13, 1877 | The United Kingdom created the British Western Pacific Territories, including Atafu and Nukunono.[294] | Pacific Ocean: |
March 3, 1879 | The border across the Chesapeake Bay between Maryland and Virginia was decided via arbitration. It is unknown if any land actually changed hands.[12] | too vague to map |
September 8, 1879 | Arenas Key, claimed by Mexico; the Morant Cays; and Serranilla Bank, claimed by Colombia, were claimed by the United States under the Guano Islands Act;[3] according to the Office of Insular Affairs, Serranilla Bank was claimed again on September 13, 1880.[268] | Caribbean Sea: |
April 7, 1880 | A very small area of Fair Haven, Vermont was transferred to New York due to a change in the course in the Poultney River.[31][295] | too small to map |
September 13, 1880 | Western Triangle Island, claimed by Mexico, was claimed by the United States under the Guano Islands Act.[3] The list of bonded claims also mentions a "De Anes" island claimed on this date, with coordinates matching Isla de Aves; however, the same list points out that the claim to "Aves Island" was found to be invalid. | Caribbean Sea: |
1881 | Flint Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[296] | Pacific Ocean: |
May 23, 1882 | The area between 43° north and the Keya Paha and Niobrara Rivers was transferred from Dakota Territory to Nebraska.[230][297] The act was passed in Congress on March 28 and accepted by the Nebraska legislature on this date.[298] | |
June 1, 1882 | The Morant Cays and Pedro Cays were annexed by the United Kingdom to Jamaica; it appears they were no longer claimed by the United States after this.[299] | Caribbean Sea: |
May 17, 1884 | The Department of Alaska was organized into the District of Alaska.[300] | Northwestern North America: |
June 21, 1884 | The Alacrans Islands, claimed by Mexico, were claimed under the Guano Islands Act.[3] | Caribbean Sea: |
March 15, 1888 | Fanning Island was annexed by the United Kingdom; it appears the island was no longer claimed by the United States after this.[301] | Pacific Ocean: |
March 17, 1888 | Christmas Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
October 26, 1888 | The Cook Islands became a protectorate of the United Kingdom, thus initiating a claim on the atolls of Pukapuka, Manihiki, Penrhyn, and Rakahanga.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
May 29, 1889 | Washington Island was annexed by the United Kingdom; it appears the island was no longer claimed by the United States after this.[301] | Pacific Ocean: |
June 3, 1889 | Jarvis Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
June 26, 1889 | Sydney Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
June 29, 1889 | Phoenix Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
July 10, 1889 | Birnie Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
November 2, 1889 | Dakota Territory was split in half along the "seventh standard parallel north", a few miles south of 46° north, and admitted as the thirty-ninth state, North Dakota, and the fortieth state, South Dakota.[230][302] | |
November 8, 1889 | Montana Territory was admitted as the forty-first state, Montana.[259][302] | |
November 11, 1889 | Washington Territory was admitted as the forty-second state, Washington.[203][302] | |
May 2, 1890 | Oklahoma Territory was organized from the Public Land Strip and the western half of Indian Territory, except for the Cherokee Outlet, which would be added later upon cession from the Cherokee.[as][304][303] | |
July 3, 1890 | Idaho Territory was admitted as the forty-third state, Idaho.[253][305] | |
July 10, 1890 | Wyoming Territory was admitted as the forty-fourth state, Wyoming.[279][306] | |
March 8, 1892 | The Gilbert Islands became a protectorate of the United Kingdom, thus initiating a claim on Butaritari and Marakei.[261] No record of a United States claim exists after this point, so it is assumed this is when the claim fell dormant. | Pacific Ocean: |
May 28, 1892 | Gardner Island was claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
September 16, 1893 | Per a treaty with the Cherokee, the federal government purchased the Cherokee Outlet in the Indian Territory and opened it to settlement, transferring it to Oklahoma Territory as provided in the Oklahoma Organic Act.[303][307] | |
November 17, 1894 | The Alacrans Islands, Arenas Key, and Western Triangle Island were stricken from the list of claimed guano islands.[3] | Caribbean Sea: |
January 4, 1896 | Utah Territory was admitted as the forty-fifth state, Utah.[197][308] | |
March 16, 1896 | The dispute between the federal government, on behalf of Oklahoma Territory, and Texas over Greer County was resolved in favor of the federal claim.[221] | |
July 24, 1897 | Due to an earlier shift in the course of the Missouri River, an island was transferred from Nebraska to South Dakota.[309] |
1898–1945 (расширение Тихого океана и Карибского бассейна)
Date | Event | Change Map |
---|---|---|
August 12, 1898 | The Republic of Hawaii was annexed.[310] The ceremony to transfer sovereignty occurred on this date; the act was signed on July 7, 1898.[311] Johnston Atoll was not included with Hawaii, nor was Sikaiana Atoll, which had been ceded to Hawaii in 1856 by its residents and approved by King Kamehameha IV. However, the annexation was based on the islands named in a report of the Hawaiian Commission, which omitted Sikaiana.[312][313] | Pacific Ocean: |
January 17, 1899 | Wake Island was claimed.[314] | Pacific Ocean: |
April 11, 1899 | Guam, Porto Rico, and, on agreed payment of $20 million, the Philippines were ceded by Spain following the Spanish–American War.[315] The Philippines were claimed by the First Philippine Republic. The ceded region for the Philippines included the island of Palmas, which was administered by the Netherlands. This overlap would not be noticed until January 21, 1906.[316] While the United States occupied Cuba for a time, it was not ceded nor claimed. | Pacific Ocean: Caribbean Sea: |
February 16, 1900 | The United States took ownership of the Samoan Islands east of 171° west, per the terms of the Tripartite Convention.[317] | Pacific Ocean: |
February 19, 1900 | The newly acquired Samoan islands were established as Naval Station, Tutuila. It included all of the islands granted by the Tripartite Convention, though formal cession of the islands by local authorities would take place later in 1900 and 1904.[317] | Pacific Ocean: |
April 12, 1900 | Porto Rico was organized into a civil territory.[318] | no change to map |
April 17, 1900 | The island of Tutuila was formally ceded to the United States and added to Naval Station, Tutuila.[317][319] As the United States had already claimed the island on February 19, 1900, no change is mapped. The treaty would be ratified by Congress on February 20, 1929. | no change to map |
June 14, 1900 | The former Republic of Hawaii was organized into Hawaii Territory.[320][321] | Pacific Ocean: |
March 3, 1901 | The transfer for a thin sliver of Bristol, Tennessee, to Bristol, Virginia, was approved by Congress after having been approved by both states.[322][323] The location of the border along Main Street (now State Street) between the two cities was either the northern sidewalk of the street, or down the middle of the street; Tennessee's cession of the northern half of the street laid the issue to rest. | too small to map |
March 23, 1901 | The president of the First Philippine Republic, Emilio Aguinaldo, was captured, and the republic was dissolved. On this same date several islands, Cagayan de Sulu and Sibutu among them, were purchased from Spain and assigned to the Philippines, which was then being governed as a U.S. insular area. The borders specified in the Treaty of Paris of 1898 had excluded these islands; the new treaty simply ceded "any and all islands belonging to the Philippine Archipelago".[324][325] | Pacific Ocean: |
October 20, 1903 | The Alaska boundary dispute with Canada was resolved, generally in favor of the United States claim.[270] | Northwestern North America: |
December 10, 1903 | Land along southern Guantánamo Bay was leased in perpetuity from Cuba for use as a naval base;[326] the treaty took effect February 23, 1903, and the formal handover occurred on this date.[327] | no change to map |
May 4, 1904 | The United States took ownership of the Panama Canal Zone. At this stage, only the most basic borders were defined; it was a zone surrounding the canal on each side for five miles, but excluded the cities of Colón and Panama City, which remained exclaves of Panama, as well as the water for their harbors.[328] The Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty granting it to the United States was ratified on February 26, 1904.[329] A formal border agreement, which also gave the Canal Zone some land and a lighthouse in northwest Colón, would be ratified on June 15, 1904.[330][331] | Caribbean Sea: |
July 16, 1904 | The Manuʻa islands were formally ceded to the United States and added to Naval Station, Tutuila.[317] As the United States had already claimed the islands on February 19, 1900, no change is mapped. The treaty would be ratified by Congress on February 20, 1929. | no change to map |
December 12, 1904 | The "Taft Agreement" was made with Panama on December 3, with one of its sections refining the maritime boundary of the harbor of Panama City and the Panama Canal Zone.[332][333] It became effective December 12. | no change to map |
February 10, 1905 | The border between Arkansas and Indian Territory was slightly adjusted near Fort Smith, Arkansas, transferring a small amount of land on the east side of the Poteau River to Arkansas.[334][335] | |
November 16, 1907 | Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory were combined and admitted as the forty-sixth state, Oklahoma.[303][336] | |
April 11, 1908 | A boundary treaty with the United Kingdom on behalf of Canada redefined the maritime borders between the United States and Canada.[337] Among other changes, this "de-enclaved" Horseshoe Reef in Lake Erie by making the water around it contiguous with the water on the American side of the border.[198][338] | no change to map |
January 1, 1909 | The new Constitution of Michigan included some area of Wisconsin within its definition of Michigan.[339] | |
August 20, 1910 | A boundary treaty with the United Kingdom on behalf of Canada addressed a slight uncertainty in the maritime border in Passamaquoddy Bay between Maine and Canada.[340][341][342] The border was adjusted to run east of Pope's Folly Island, which previously lay on the border line, and had been the subject of some debate for many years.[343][344] | |
July 17, 1911 | Naval Station, Tutuila, was renamed American Samoa;[345] the station continued to operate separate from territorial governance until 1951. | Pacific Ocean: |
January 6, 1912 | New Mexico Territory was admitted as the forty-seventh state, New Mexico.[199][346] | |
February 14, 1912 | Arizona Territory was admitted as the forty-eighth state, Arizona.[250][347] | |
August 24, 1912 | The District of Alaska was reorganized as the Alaska Territory.[348] | Northwestern North America: |
January 31, 1913 | New Mexico filed suit in the Supreme Court against Texas over the "Country Club Dispute", questioning whether the present course or the 1850 course of the Rio Grande should be their border.[349] | |
August 5, 1914 | The Corn Islands were leased from Nicaragua for a period of 99 years; however, this was not a full transfer of sovereignty, and the islands were never administered as an insular area.[350] | no change to map |
May 1, 1915 | The borders of the Panama Canal Zone were explicitly defined. Whereas the original definition was a simple corridor surrounding the canal, this treaty specified the actual border. Among the changes this caused were: a slice of Canal Zone was ceded to Panama so Panama City would be connected with the rest of the country; the middle island of the Las Tres Hermanas Islands, which marked the border of Panama City's harbor, was wholly made part of Canal Zone; Gatun Lake and other surrounding waters were formally annexed to the territory; and an area of northwest Colón was ceded to Canal Zone.[351][352][353] | Caribbean Sea: |
May 27, 1915 | Under Article II of the 1903 Treaty, the United States expropriated from Panama several areas around the mouth of the Rio Chagres, annexing them to the Panama Canal Zone.[354] | too small to map |
December 8, 1915 | The United States expropriated from Panama a triangle of land, which included the historic Fort San Lorenzo, between the Rio Chagres, Caribbean Sea and the Panama Canal Zone, to which it was annexed.[354] | too small to map |
January 17, 1916 | Navassa Island was formally claimed for lighthouse purposes.[355] | no change to map |
March 31, 1917 | The Danish Virgin Islands (excluding Water Island) were purchased from Denmark[356] and renamed the United States Virgin Islands.[357] | Caribbean Sea: |
July 12, 1918 | The United States expropriated from Panama 2.6 hectares of land at Punta Paitilla in Panama City and annexed it to the Panama Canal Zone.[358] That area was enlarged to about 50 hectares within several months.[354][359][360][361] | too small to map |
August 21, 1918 | The United States expropriated from Panama land between the Rio Chagres and the Quebrada Majagual and annexed it to the Panama Canal Zone.[354][361] | Caribbean Sea: |
September 13, 1918 | Minnesota and Wisconsin exchanged islands in the Mississippi River: Island Seventytwo was transferred to Winona, Minnesota, and Barron's Island was transferred to La Crosse, Wisconsin.[155][362] | |
September 18, 1919 | The island of Largo Remo was annexed to the Panama Canal Zone under the United States right of expropriation in the 1903 Canal Treaty.[363] | Caribbean Sea: |
June 16, 1920 | Fifteen hectares on the island of Taboga Island were annexed to the Panama Canal Zone.[364] | too small to map |
June 30, 1921 | The "Wedge" dispute between Delaware and Pennsylvania was resolved in Delaware's favor. The disputed land had generally been administered by Delaware, even electing a member of the Delaware legislature in the mid-19th century,[365] but federal maps had included the land as part of Pennsylvania at least as late as 1900.[366] The states had agreed on a resolution, and it was affirmed by an act of Congress on this date.[367][368] Some sources, both contemporary and modern, note that, in the original process of resurveying the border in 1892, a very thin, horn-shaped region along the arc was transferred from Delaware to Pennsylvania;[365][368][369] however, no federal maps found reflect this, and it is unclear if this transfer actually occurred. | |
May 10, 1922 | Kingman Reef was formally annexed.[370] | no change to map |
October 8, 1923 | Michigan expanded its claim to Wisconsin territory, though Wisconsin never lost control over the area.[339] | |
November 15, 1923 | The Swan Islands were claimed by Honduras.[371] | Caribbean Sea: |
February 1, 1924 | The future area for Madden Lake was annexed to the Panama Canal Zone under the United States right of expropriation in the 1903 Canal Treaty.[331][372][373] | Caribbean Sea: |
March 4, 1925 | Swains Island was added to American Samoa.[374] | Pacific Ocean: |
July 17, 1925 | The border with Canada was adjusted in several places.[375][376] The only change to a land border redefined how the border between the Lake of the Woods and the Rocky Mountains should be considered; previously, the border followed the curve of the parallel between each border monument, while the treaty changed this to straight lines between each monument. Through this, the United States netted a gain of between 30 and 35 acres of land. Due to the extremely small shift, the lack of specific documentation of where the changes occurred, and the lack of any human impact, this change is not mapped. There was also a change to the border in the Lake of the Woods; due to a surveying anomaly, the previous border intersected itself several times in the lake, creating enclaves of United States water surrounded by Canadian water. The treaty changed the border to use the southernmost intersection as the northwestern point of the Lake of the Woods. Finally, the maritime border in the Bay of Fundy was adjusted, netting Canada roughly 9 acres of water. | too small to map |
March 1, 1926 | The Supreme Court of the United States resolved the conflict between Michigan and Wisconsin in the favor of Wisconsin.[339] | |
July 29, 1926 | Johnston Atoll was established as a federal bird refuge and placed under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Agriculture.[377] The atoll had originally been claimed by both the United States and Hawaii in 1858, but little activity apart from guano mining had taken place, and it had been largely abandoned for decades.[219] | no change to map |
November 22, 1926 | The Supreme Court of the United States defined the border between Michigan and Wisconsin, transferring all islands south of the Quinnesec Falls on the Menominee River to Wisconsin, and all islands north of the falls to Michigan; it is unknown specifically which islands were transferred in this fashion. However, an error in the border description introduced a small overlap between the two states over several islands in Lake Michigan north of the Door Peninsula.[378] | |
July 18, 1927 | The United States expropriated from Panama another 33 hectares of land on the islands of Taboga and Taboguilla and annexed them to the Panama Canal Zone.[354] | too small to map |
October 26, 1927 | Two bancos along the Colorado River were ceded from Mexico to Arizona.[379][380] | too small to map |
December 5, 1927 | The "Country Club Dispute" between New Mexico and Texas was resolved in Texas's favor.[381] | |
April 4, 1928 | The Island of Palmas Case was decided in the favor of the Netherlands, ceding Palmas to the Dutch East Indies.[316] | Pacific Ocean: |
September 24, 1928 | The United States expropriated from Panama three hectares of land at El Cerro de Doscientos Pies ("200-Foot Hill") near Las Minas Bay and annexed it to the Panama Canal Zone.[354][361] | too small to map |
July 22, 1930 | The United States expropriated from Panama 25 hectares on Jicarita Island and 60 hectares at Punta Morro de Puercos and annexed them to the Panama Canal Zone.[354] | too small to map |
April 15, 1931 | The United States expropriated from Panama additional areas around the soon-to-be-built Madden Dam and annexed them to the Panama Canal Zone.[354][361] | Caribbean Sea: |
May 3, 1932 | The United States adjusted the border at Punta Paitilla in the Canal Zone, returning a small amount of land to Panama. This was the site for a planned new American embassy, which had to be built on foreign soil.[382] | too small to map |
May 17, 1932 | Porto Rico was renamed Puerto Rico.[383] | Caribbean Sea: |
December 13, 1932 | The Mangsee Islands and seven of the Turtle Islands were ceded by the United Kingdom from North Borneo to the Philippines. The islands were supposed to be included in the 1900 transfer of islands from Spain to the United States. Per the terms of the treaty, the United Kingdom continued to administer the islands until requested, and after its independence, the Philippine government made such a request and took control.[384] | Pacific Ocean: |
May 29, 1933 | The Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the border between New Hampshire and Vermont was the low water mark of the west bank of the Connecticut River; Vermont had sought to have the border placed in the middle of the river.[43] | no change to map |
November 13, 1933 | A treaty created the Rio Grande Rectification Project, which, from 1935 to 1938, straightened and stabilized the path of the Rio Grande through the El Paso–Juárez Valley. By the end of the project, 174 parcels had been transferred between Mexico and Texas, each side receiving an equal area of land.[385][386] | too small to map |
December 29, 1934 | Kingman Reef was placed under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of the Navy.[370] | no change to map |
March 16, 1936 | The de jure overlap between Michigan and Wisconsin was resolved by the Supreme Court of the United States.[387] | |
May 13, 1936 | Baker Island, Howland Island, and Jarvis Island were formally annexed and placed under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of the Interior,[388] ending the United Kingdom's claim to Jarvis Island.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
June 22, 1936 | The U.S. Virgin Islands were organized into a civil territory.[389] | no change to map |
August 6, 1936 | Canton Island, Enderbury Island, and McKean Island were claimed by the United Kingdom.[261] | Pacific Ocean: |
April 6, 1939 | The condominium of the Canton and Enderbury Islands was established with the United Kingdom.[390] | Pacific Ocean: |
July 27, 1939 | Panama gained a sovereign corridor that was carved out of the Panama Canal Zone connecting Colón with the rest of Panama, along with a three-dimensional "tube" of sovereignty for a future crossing over an American highway. A corridor consisting of the road from the Canal Zone boundary to Madden Dam was annexed to the Canal Zone.[391] | Caribbean Sea: |
August 16, 1939 | This is the earliest date so far discovered for when the United States began claiming Fakaofo, Funafuti, Hull Island, Niulakita, Nukufetau, and Nukulaelae.[392] | Pacific Ocean: |
December 10, 1941 | Governor George McMillin surrendered Guam to the Japanese military.[393] | Pacific Ocean: |
December 23, 1941 | The garrison on Wake Island surrendered to the Japanese military.[394] | Pacific Ocean: |
March 26, 1942 | The government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines evacuated from the territory in the face of Japanese advance. A government-in-exile would be established in Washington, D.C. on May 17, 1942. The United States Army Forces in the Far East would surrender on April 9, 1942, following the Battle of Bataan, and the final military holdouts would surrender on May 6, 1942, following the Battle of Corregidor.[395] | Pacific Ocean: |
October 14, 1943 | The Second Philippine Republic was established as a puppet state of Japan.[395] | Pacific Ocean: |
June 19, 1944 | Water Island was purchased from the East Asiatic Company, a private shipping company based in Denmark (which at the time was under German occupation).[396] | no map available |
August 10, 1944 | Guam was captured from Japan.[393] | Pacific Ocean: |
August 17, 1945 | The Second Philippine Republic, in exile in Tokyo since April 3, 1945, was dissolved. The process of re-establishing the Commonwealth government on Philippine soil had started on October 23, 1944.[395] | Pacific Ocean: |
September 4, 1945 | The Japanese garrison on Wake Island surrendered to the United States.[394] | Pacific Ocean: |
1946-настоящее время (Деколонизация)
Date | Event | Change Map |
---|---|---|
July 4, 1946 | The Commonwealth of the Philippines became independent as the Republic of the Philippines.[397] | Pacific Ocean: |
July 18, 1947 | The United Nations entrusted the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to the United States.[6] | Pacific Ocean: |
January 1, 1949 | The Tokelau Islands were incorporated into New Zealand, which inherited the claims on Atafu, Fakaofo, and Nukunono.[398] | Pacific Ocean: |
August 1, 1950 | Guam was organized into a civil territory.[399][400] | no change to map |
August 3, 1950 | Kansas and Missouri exchanged small portions of land along the Missouri River, due to shifts in the river following a flood in 1944.[401] | |
April 11, 1955 | Panama's corridor connecting Colón with the rest of Panama was realigned within the Panama Canal Zone. Several three-dimensional "tubes" of sovereignty were also created, allowing Panamanian bridges to pass over rivers and a highway at several locations within the Canal Zone.[402][403] | too small to map |
August 23, 1955 | Several border locations of the Panama Canal Zone were redefined. Punta Paitilla, the land held on Taboga Island, and the remaining American holdings in Colón and Panama City were ceded to Panama.[331][404] | Caribbean Sea: |
January 3, 1959 | The Alaska Territory was admitted as the forty-ninth state, Alaska.[271] | Northwestern North America: |
August 21, 1959 | Most of Hawaii Territory was admitted as the fiftieth state, Hawaii. Palmyra Atoll was excluded from statehood and remained a territory.[248][321] | Pacific Ocean: |
August 25, 1961 | About 20 acres of land was transferred from Minnesota to North Dakota near Fargo, North Dakota.[166][405] | too small to map |
January 14, 1964 | The Chamizal, a tract of land between El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, was divided between the United States and Mexico.[406] | |
August 4, 1965 | The Cook Islands became self-governing from New Zealand. It claimed the atolls of Pukapuka, Manihiki, Penrhyn, and Rakahanga.[407] | Pacific Ocean: |
December 30, 1966 | Land on Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean was leased from the United Kingdom for use as a military base.[408] | no change to map |
April 25, 1971 | The lease of the Corn Islands from Nicaragua was terminated.[350] | no change to map |
September 1, 1972 | The United States recognized the sovereignty of Honduras over the Swan Islands.[350][409] | Caribbean Sea: |
March 1, 1977 | The United States claimed maritime borders west of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, within the Dixon Entrance, and in the Beaufort Sea that conflicted with claims of Canada.[410] | no change to map |
May 26, 1977 | Several parcels were exchanged between Texas and Mexico along the Rio Grande in areas near Presidio and Hidalgo, Texas,[411] including the Horcón Tract, on which the town of Río Rico was located,[412] and Beaver Island near Roma, Texas. In addition, Mexico ceded 823 acres (3.33 km2) to the U.S., while the U.S. ceded 2,177 acres (8.81 km2) to Mexico, primarily to straighten sections of the Rio Grande for flood control.[413] | |
December 16, 1977 | A treaty defining the maritime border with Cuba was signed; though it has never been ratified by the United States Senate, it is provisionally enforced by agreement renewed every two years.[342] | no change to map |
October 1, 1978 | Tuvalu became independent from the United Kingdom. It claimed the atolls of Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, and Niulakita.[414] | Pacific Ocean: |
July 12, 1979 | The Republic of Kiribati became independent from the United Kingdom. It claimed Birnie Island, Canton Island, Caroline Island, Christmas Island, Enderbury Island, Flint Island, Gardner Island, Hull Island, Malden Island, McKean Island, Phoenix Island, Starbuck Island, Sydney Island, and Vostok Island. This dissolved the condominium of the Canton and Enderbury Islands.[415] | Pacific Ocean: |
October 1, 1979 | The Panama Canal Zone was ceded to Panama. The United States and Panama continued to share operational control of the canal until December 31, 1999, when it would be fully turned over to Panama.[416] The United States retained control over several hundred specified areas to be turned over in piecemeal fashion over the years. | Caribbean Sea: |
November 24, 1980 | The maritime border between the United States and Venezuela was defined.[342][417] | no change to map |
September 17, 1981 | The United States recognized the sovereignty of Colombia over Roncador Bank and Serrana Bank, and the claim on Quita Sueño Bank was abandoned by the United States, as it was no longer above the seas at high tide, and thus the government considered it unclaimable.[350][418] | Caribbean Sea: |
September 3, 1983 | The United States recognized the sovereignty of the New Zealand territory of Tokelau over Atafu, Fakaofo, and Nukunono, and defined the maritime border with Tokelau.[342][350][419] | Pacific Ocean: |
September 8, 1983 | The United States recognized the sovereignty of the Cook Islands over Pukapuka, Manihiki, Penrhyn, and Rakahanga, and the maritime border with the Cook Islands was defined.[342][350][420] | Pacific Ocean: |
September 23, 1983 | The United States recognized the sovereignty of Kiribati over Birnie Island, Canton Island, Caroline Island, Christmas Island, Enderbury Island, Flint Island, Gardner Island, Hull Island, Malden Island, McKean Island, Phoenix Island, Starbuck Island, Sydney Island, and Vostok Island.[350][421] The United States recognized the sovereignty of Tuvalu over Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulaelae, and Niulakita.[350][422] | Pacific Ocean: |
October 12, 1984 | The International Court of Justice made its judgment on where the maritime border should be in the Gulf of Maine between the United States and Canada.[423][342] No land changed hands. The scope of the case did not include the sovereignty of Machias Seal Island, but the judgment enabled defining the extent of the disputed water area around that island (an area of 210 square nautical miles).[410] | no change to map |
October 21, 1986 | The Marshall Islands District of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands became independent as the Republic of the Marshall Islands.[424] The Marshall Islanders had claimed Wake Island as part of their territory since at least 1973, and continued that after independence.[425] | Pacific Ocean: |
November 3, 1986 | Most of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands was dissolved by the United Nations. The districts of Chuuk, Pohnpei, and Yap became independent as the Federated States of Micronesia. The Mariana Islands District, having already been taking moves towards integration with the United States, became a territory of the United States, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.[424] | Pacific Ocean: |
June 1, 1990 | The maritime border between the United States and the Soviet Union was provisionally defined.[426][342] The two countries agreed on this date to abide by the terms of the treaty pending its ratification and entry into force,[427] but while it was ratified by the United States Senate on September 16, 1991,[428] it is unknown if either the Soviet Union or its successor state, Russia, ratified it.[citation needed] | no change to map |
October 1, 1994 | The remaining district of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Palau District, became independent as the Republic of Palau, dissolving the TTPI.[429] | Pacific Ocean: |
June 1, 1995 | The maritime border between the United States and territories of the United Kingdom in the Caribbean Sea was defined.[342][430][431] | no change to map |
January 16, 1997 | Navassa Island was transferred to the United States Department of the Interior.[432][433] | no change to map |
November 13, 1997 | The maritime border between the United States and Mexico was defined.[342][434] | no change to map |
May 26, 1998 | The Supreme Court ruled that extra land added to Ellis Island since the original island was officially granted to New York in an interstate compact with New Jersey in 1834 belonged to New Jersey, owing to the fact that the island was within the territorial waters of New Jersey. The original natural boundary of Ellis Island remained an enclave of New York.[435] | no change to map |
December 31, 1999 | All former Panama Canal Zone parcels not turned over since 1979, as well as all joint canal operations areas, were transferred to Panama. | too small to map |
January 17, 2001 | The maritime border between the United States and Mexico on the continental shelf in the western Gulf of Mexico beyond 200 nautical miles was defined.[342][436] | no change to map |
November 24, 2009 | Six islands along the Rio Grande were ceded from Texas to Mexico, and three islands and two bancos were ceded from Mexico to Texas. The transfer, which had been pending for 20 years, was the first application of Article III of the 1970 Boundary Treaty.[342][380][437] | too small to map |
September 23, 2014 | The maritime border between the United States and Niue was defined.[342][438] The treaty was signed on May 13, 1997, but it was not ratified by the United States until at least 2002, and the United Nations shows it as entering into force on this date.[439] | no change to map |
January 1, 2017 | The border between North Carolina and South Carolina was clarified following years of surveys and negotiation, moving 19 homes across state lines.[440][441] | too small to map |
November 30, 2020 | The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations adopted a constitutional amendment, renaming itself the State of Rhode Island.[442][443] | no change to map |
Банко вдоль реки Рио-Гранде
The Banco Convention of 1905 between the United States and Mexico allowed, in the event of sudden changes in the course of the Rio Grande (as by flooding), for the border to be altered to follow the new course.[444] The sudden changes often created bancos (land surrounded by bends in the river that became segregated from either country by a cutoff, often due to rapid accretion or avulsion of the alluvial channel), especially in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. When these bancos are created, the International Boundary and Water Commission investigates if land previously belonging to the United States or Mexico is to be considered on the other side of the border.[445] In all cases of these adjustments along the Rio Grande under the 1905 convention, which occurred on 37 different dates from 1910 to 1976, the transferred land was minuscule (ranging from one to 646 acres) and uninhabited.[446][447][448]
Смотрите также
- Annexation movements of Canada
- Geography of the United States
- Historic regions of the United States
- List of U.S. state partition proposals
- List of U.S. states by date of statehood
- National Atlas of the United States
- Ostend Manifesto (annexation of Cuba)
- Territorial evolution of Arizona
- Territorial evolution of California
- Territorial evolution of Colorado
- Territorial evolution of Idaho
- Territorial evolution of Montana
- Territorial evolution of Nevada
- Territorial evolution of New Mexico
- Territorial evolution of North Dakota
- Territorial evolution of Oregon
- Territorial evolution of South Dakota
- Territorial evolution of Utah
- Territorial evolution of Washington
- Territorial evolution of Wyoming
- Territories of the United States on stamps
Заметки
- ^ The borders of the country followed the colonial borders; for simplicity, the maps use the borders defined in the 1783 Treaty of Paris. The only substantive difference between the borders before and after the Treaty of Paris is the southwest border: when Great Britain had ownership over West Florida, they had moved its border north, to a line east from the mouth of the Yazoo River, and that area thus did not belong to Georgia; the treaty granted the area between this and 31° north to the United States.
- ^ The New Hampshire towns petitioning to join Vermont were: Apthorp (now Littleton), Bath, Canaan, Cardigan (now Orange), Cornish, Dresden (now part of Hanover), Enfield, Franconia, Gunthwaite (now Lisbon), Haverhill, Landaff, Lebanon, Lyman, Lyme, Orford, and Piermont.[34] The specific extent of the towns annexed is unknown, as township borders were often delineated only when a dispute arose; the map uses the common interpretation.
- ^ The New Hampshire towns petitioning to join Vermont were: Acworth, Alstead, Bath, Cardigan (now Orange), Charlestown, Chesterfield, Claremont, Cornish, Croydon, Dorchester, Dresden, Franconia, "Gilsom" (likely Gilsum), Grafton, Grantham, Gunthwaite (now Lisbon), Hanover, Haverhill, Hinsdale, Landaff, Lancaster, Lebanon, "Leinster" (possibly Lempster), Lincoln, Lyman, Lyme, Marlow, Newport, Piermont, Plainfield, Richmond, Saville (now Sunapee), Surry, Walpole, and Westmoreland.[40] The specific extent of the towns annexed is unknown, as township borders were often delineated only when a dispute arose; the map uses the common interpretation.
- ^ The New York towns petitioning to join Vermont were: "Black-Creek" (unknown; possibly is or is near Hebron), Cambridge, Fort Edward, Granville, "Greenfield" (unknown; there is a town named Greenfield but it lies west of the Hudson River, which was explicitly the western extent of the West Union), Hoosick, Kingsbury, "Little Hoosack" (unknown; presumably near Hoosick), Saratoga, "Scorticook" (possibly Schaghticoke), Skeensborough (now Whitehall), and "Upper-White-Creek" (probably White Creek).[41] The specific extent of the towns annexed is unknown, as township borders were often delineated only when a dispute arose; the map uses the common interpretation.
- ^ The treaty established the boundaries of the new country, from the Bay of Fundy: up the "St. Croix River" (which river this referred to was disputed) to its source; north to the height of the land (the "Northwest Angle of Nova Scotia"); along the height of the land to the "northwesternmost Head" of the Connecticut River (which source this referred to was disputed); down that to 45° north; west to the St. Lawrence River; up that to the Great Lakes, through Lake Ontario, the Niagara River, Lake Erie, the Detroit River, Lake St. Clair, St. Clair River, Lake Huron, and Lake Superior; to "Long Lake" (which lake this referred to was disputed) towards the Lake of the Woods; to the northwest angle of the Lake of the Woods; then west to the Mississippi River. However, the Lake of the Woods was north of the source of the Mississippi River; maps universally show this undefined border as a straight line, nearly straight south, between the two points. From there, it followed the Mississippi River down to 31° north; east to the Chattahoochee River; down that to the Flint River; a line from there to the source of the St. Mary's River; then down that to the Atlantic Ocean.[50]
- ^ The boundaries of Frankland were never defined; the map uses the common depiction of it.
- ^ Massachusetts's ceded claim was a strip of land west of New York and Pennsylvania stretching to the Mississippi River, bounded by the latitudes of Massachusetts Bay Colony's original charter: on the north by a line west from one league north of Lake Winnipesaukee, and on the south by a line west from Massachusetts' southwest corner.[44]
- ^ Connecticut's ceded claim was a strip of land west of 120 miles west of Pennsylvania (the western border of its Western Reserve) stretching to the Mississippi River, bounded by 41° north and the southern edge of Massachusetts's western claim, roughly 42°2′ north.[44]
- ^ Massachusetts's ceded claim was the portion of New York 82 miles west of where the Delaware River left New York, to an unclear western boundary, with one source saying it was as far as one mile east of the Niagara River.[44]
- ^ The new North Carolina–federal border was, from the north, southwest along various ridges of the Great Smoky Mountains; however, issues caused surveyors to eventually run a line roughly due south rather than continue along the ridge.[18]
- ^ The new New York–Vermont border was, from the north: Lake Champlain, the Poultney River, then south following borders of townships.[31]
- ^ The new Kentucky–Virginia border was, from the south: north along the Cumberland Mountains and Pine Mountain to the Russell Fork; northeast to the Tug Fork; then down that to the Big Sandy River and to the Ohio River.[82]
- ^ The new Indiana Territory–Northwest Territory border was, from the south, a line from the mouth of the Kentucky River to Fort Recovery, then north.[95]
- ^ The new Georgia–federal border was, from the south, up the Chattahoochie River to its great bend (near West Point), then a line from there towards and past Nickajack. The border's description said it would go until it reached the Tennessee River, and follow that up the river to Tennessee, but the river lay entirely within Tennessee.[11]
- ^ There was some question as to whether the purchase also included the basins of the Missouri River and the Red River of the North, but the question was not relevant before the Treaty of 1818 definitively settled the border. Maps universally show the purchase including the Missouri River basin but excluding the Red River basin.[102]
- ^ The western border of West Florida was a series of waterways, mainly the Mississippi, Iberville, and Amite Rivers, and Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas.[103]
- ^ The new Illinois Territory–Indiana Territory border was, from the south, the Wabash River up to Post Vincennes, then north.[110]
- ^ The northwestern remainder of Orleans Territory presumably rejoined Louisiana Territory, as its extent was still vaguely defined.
- ^ Indiana was defined as the territory north of the Ohio River and east of the Wabash River, but while the territory's line turned north at Post Vincennes, the state's border continued up the Wabash until it reached the point where a line drawn north from Post Vincennes would last intersect the river as it weaved back and forth. The northern border of the state was a line east from 10 miles north of the southern tip of Lake Michigan, until it reached the meridian that formed Ohio's western border, which was a line drawn north from the mouth of the Great Miami River.[95]
- ^ The new Alabama Territory–Mississippi Territory border was, from the north: up the Tennessee River to Bear Creek (around today's Pickwick Lake); a line to the northwestern corner of Washington County, Mississippi Territory; then south.[125]
- ^ The new Arkansaw Territory–Missouri Territory border was, from where the Mississippi River meets 36° north: west to the St. Francis River, up that to 36°30′ north, then west.[118]
- ^ The new border was, from the Gulf of Mexico: up the Sabine River to 32° north; north to the Red River; up that to 100° west; north to the Arkansas River; up that to its source; north to 42° north; then west to the Pacific Ocean.[103]
- ^ The new Missouri–federal border was, from the mouth of the Des Moines River: up the river to a point west of the Des Moines Rapids on the Mississippi River, west to a point north of the mouth of the Kansas River, then south.[118]
- ^ The new Arkansas Territory–federal border, from the north, a line from the southwestern corner of Missouri to a point on the Arkansas River "100 paces east" of Fort Smith, as the border of the lands of the Eastern Choctaw, then south.[134] However, the Arkansas Supreme Court determined in 1909 that the "100 paces east" was a clerical error, and that logically it should have said "100 paces west".[147]
- ^ The new Michigan Territory–Wisconsin Territory border was, from Lake Superior: up the Montreal River to Lac Vieux Desert; a line to the source of the Menominee River; then down that to Green Bay. However, this definition was impossible: The Montreal River ended long before it reached Lac Vieux Desert. The issue would be resolved in 1850.[108]
- ^ The new northeastern border was, from Passamaquoddy Bay: up the St. Croix River to its source; north to the St. John River; up that to the St. Francis River; up that to its source outlet at Lake Pohenegamook; southwest to the northwest branch of the St. John River; a line from there to where the St. John River crosses 46°25’ north; up the river to its source; along the highlands to the source of Halls Stream, then down that to 45° north.[137][14]
- ^ The new northern border was, from Lake Superior: up the Pigeon River to the many lakes and rivers of the Boundary Waters, eventually reaching the Rainy River; then down that to the Lake of the Woods.[166]
- ^ The new Wisconsin–Wisconsin Territory border was, from Lake Superior: up the St. Louis River to its first rapids; south to the St. Croix River; then down that to the Mississippi River.[155]
- ^ The new international border was, from the Rio Grande: along the southern and western border of New Mexico until it meets the Gila River; down that to the Colorado River; then a line to a point one league south of the port of San Diego. However, the southern border of New Mexico was in question, with the US claim being 31°52′ north, and the Mexican claim being 32°22′ north.[184]
- ^ The new California–federal border was, from the north: south along 120° west to 39° north; a line to where the Colorado River intersects 35° north; then down the Colorado River.[2]
- ^ The new Texas–federal border was, from the south: up the Rio Grande to 32° north; east to 103° west; north to 36°30′ north; then east.[171]
- ^ The borders of New Mexico Territory were, from where its border with Texas ended at 36°30′ north and 103° west: north to 38° north; west to the summit of the San Juan Mountains (called then the Sierra Madre); south along the ridge to 37° north; then west.[199]
- ^ The new international border was, starting from where the Rio Grande crosses 31°47′ north: west 100 miles; south to 31°20′ north; west to 111° west; a line to a point on the Colorado River 20 miles below the mouth of the Gila River; then up the Colorado River.[208]
- ^ The new Minnesota–federal border was, from the north: up the Red River to the Bois de Sioux River; up that to Lake Traverse and its southern tip; a line to Big Stone Lake and through that to its southern tip; then south.[166]
- ^ The new Oregon–Washington Territory border was, from the north, up the Snake River to the mouth of the Owyhee River, then south.[187]
- ^ The claimed borders of Jefferson Territory were between 37° north, 43° north, 102° west, and 110° west.[220]
- ^ The borders of Colorado Territory were parallels 32° north, 37° north, and Washington meridians 25° west and 32° west.[226]
- ^ The new Nebraska Territory–Dakota Territory border was, from the east: up the Missouri River to the Niobrara River; up that to the Keya Paha River; up that to 43° north; then west.[206]
- ^ The decree transferred land from the left bank of the Blackstone River to Rhode Island, including what is now East Providence, in exchange land around Fall River being transferred to Massachusetts.[13]
- ^ The Virginia counties that became West Virginia were: Barbour, Boone, Braxton, Brooke, Cabell, Calhoun, Clay, Doddridge, Fayette, Gilmer, Greenbrier, Hampshire, Hancock, Hardy, Harrison, Jackson, Kanawha, Lewis, Logan, McDowell, Marion, Marshall, Mason, Mercer, Monongalia, Monroe, Morgan, Nicholas, Ohio, Pendleton, Pleasants, Pocahontas, Preston, Putnam, Raleigh, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Tucker, Tyler, Upshur, Wayne, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, Wood, and Wyoming.[255]
- ^ The new Idaho Territory–Montana Territory border was, from the north: south along 39° west from Washington to the crest of the Bitterroot Range and the Rocky Mountains; along that to 44°30′ north; east to 34° west from Washington; north to 45° north; then east.[259]
- ^ The new Dakota Territory–Idaho Territory border was, from the south: north along 33° west from Washington to the crest of the Rocky Mountains, then northwest along that to the new tripoint with Montana Territory.[230]
- ^ The borders of the Department of Alaska were, from the Dixon Entrance: Up the Portland Channel to 56° north; then along the "summit of the mountains situated parallel to the coast" (the definition of which was disputed) to 141° west; then north.[270]
- ^ The borders of Wyoming Territory were parallels 41° north and 45° north, and Washington meridians 27° west and 34° west.[279]
- ^ The new Oklahoma Territory–federal border was, from where the Red River meets 98° west: north to the Canadian River; down that to Seminole land; north along that border to the North Canadian River; down that to Creek land; north and east along that border to 96° west; then north. This omits the Cherokee Outlet, whose complex borders separated the main portion of Oklahoma Territory from the former Public Land Strip.[303]
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- ^ Secretary's Orders 3205: Administration of Navassa Island, United States Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, signed January 16, 1997, accessed June 30, 2015
- ^ Treaty on maritime boundaries between the United Mexican States and the United States of America Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed May 4, 1978; UNTS 37399; accessed June 30, 2015
- ^ "New Jersey v. New York – 523 U.S. 767 (1998)". Justia. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
- ^ Treaty between the Government of the United Mexican States and the Government of the United States of America on the delimitation of the continental shelf in the western Gulf of Mexico beyond 200 nautical miles Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, signed June 9, 2000; UNTS 37400; accessed June 30, 2015
- ^ "Minute 315: Adoption of the Delineation of the International Boundary on the 2008 Aerial Photographic Mosaic of the Rio Grande" (PDF). International Boundary and Water Commission. November 24, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 11, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
- ^ Treaty 105-53
- ^ "Treaty between the Government of Niue and the Government of the United States of America on the delimitation of a maritime boundary". United Nations. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
- ^ "Border of North Carolina and South Carolina Realigned on January 1st". WABC. January 2, 2017. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
- ^ "How the Carolinas Fixed Their Blurred Lines". The New York Times. August 23, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
- ^ https://www.businessinsider.com/rhode-island-ballot-measure-plantations-official-name-2020-11
- ^ https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/politics/2020/11/30/elections-board-certifies-bidens-ri-win-other-race-results/6462558002/
- ^ "Convention Between the United States and Mexico for the Elimination of the Bancos in the Rio Grande from the Effects of Article II of the Treaty of November 12, 1884" (PDF). June 5, 1907. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
- ^ Metz, Leon C. (June 12, 2010). "Bancos of the Rio Grande". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2015.
- ^ "IBWC Minutes". International Boundary and Water Commission. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
- ^ "USA-Mexico Bancos Map". Retrieved September 11, 2017.
- ^ Mueller, Jerry E. (1975). Restless River, International Law and the Behavior of the Rio Grande. Texas Western Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780874040500.
дальнейшее чтение
- Van Zandt, Franklin K. (1976). Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. OCLC 69426475.
- Stein, Mark (2008). How the States Got Their Shapes. New York: Smithsonian Books/Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-143138-8. OCLC 137324984.
- Walker, Francis A. (1874). Statistical Atlas of the United States. pp. 65–79. Retrieved April 3, 2019.