Исторический романс (также исторический роман ) - это широкая категория художественной литературы, в которой сюжет разворачивается в прошлом. Вальтер Скотт помог популяризировать этот жанр в начале 19 века, создав такие работы, как Роб Рой и Айвенго . [1] Литературно-художественные исторические романы продолжают публиковаться, и ярким недавним примером является Вольф Холл (2009), роман английского писателя- историка Хилари Мантел, удостоенный множества наград . Это также жанр художественной литературы для масс-маркет , связанный с романтической любовью в более широком смысле. жанр.
Определение
Термины «любовный роман» и «исторический романс» неоднозначны, потому что слово «романтика» и связанное с ним слово «романтический» имеют несколько разных значений. В частности, с одной стороны , есть массовый рынок жанр из «фантастики дело с любовью», Арлекин романтики , [2] , а с другой стороны, «роман» также может быть определен как «фиктивного повествования в прозе или стих, интерес к которому обращен на чудесные и необычные происшествия ". [3] Однако, многие романсы, в том числе исторических романсов из Вальтера Скотта , [4] , также часто называют романы , и Скотт описывает роман как «родственный термин». [5] Чтобы добавить к путанице, литературные романы, например, « Грозовой перевал» Эмили Бронте , часто имеют сильный интерес к любовным историям. В других европейских языках романтика и роман не различаются: «роман - это le roman , der Roman , il romanzo ». [6]
История
Франция
Во французской литературе видным наследником стиля исторического романа Вальтера Скотта был Бальзак . [7] В 1829 году Бальзак опубликовал «Шуаны» , исторический труд в манере сэра Вальтера Скотта. [8] Впоследствии это было включено в La Comédie Humaine . Основная часть La Comédie Humaine , однако, происходит во время Реставрации Бурбона и Июльской монархии , хотя есть несколько романов, которые происходят во время Французской революции, а также другие романы, относящиеся к Средневековью или Возрождению, в том числе О Екатерине Медичи и Эликсир долгой жизни .
«Горбун из Нотр-Дама» ( 1831 г. ) Виктора Гюго - важный французский исторический роман начала девятнадцатого века. Название относится к собору Парижской Богоматери в Париже , на котором сосредоточена история, и к истинной героине истории Эсмеральде . [9] Английский переводчик Фредерик Шоберл назвал роман « Горбун из Нотр-Дама » в 1833 году, потому что в то время готические романы были популярной формой романтики в то время в Англии . [10] Действие происходит в Париже , Франция, в эпоху позднего средневековья , во время правления Людовика XI (1461–1483).
Александр Дюма «s Три мушкетера (1844) еще один известный французский исторический роман. Действие происходит в 1625 году, в нем рассказывается о приключениях молодого человека по имени д'Артаньян (по мотивам Шарля де Батц-Кастельмор д'Артаньян ) после того, как он уехал из дома, чтобы отправиться в Париж, чтобы присоединиться к мушкетерам гвардии . Хотя Д'Артаньян не может сразу же присоединиться к этому элитному отряду, он дружит с тремя самыми грозными мушкетерами своего времени: Атосом , Портосом и Арамисом и участвует в государственных и судебных делах.
По жанру «Три мушкетера» - это прежде всего историко-приключенческий роман. Однако Дюма также часто задействует в сюжете различные несправедливости, злоупотребления и нелепости старого режима , придавая роману дополнительный политический аспект в то время, когда во Франции споры между республиканцами и монархистами еще были ожесточенными. История впервые была опубликована с марта по июль 1844 года, во время июльской монархии , за четыре года до того, как Французская революция 1848 года жестоко установила Вторую республику . Отец автора, Томас-Александр Дюма , был известным генералом республиканской армии Франции во время Французских революционных войн . История д'Артаньяна продолжается в фильмах «Двадцать лет спустя» и «Виконт Брагелонский: десять лет спустя» .
Двадцатого века произвел широко популярный Angelique (роман серии) по Анн Голон множество в Франции Людовика XIV .
Великобритания
Вальтера Скотта обычно считают изобретателем современного исторического романа и вдохновителем огромного числа подражателей и писателей жанров как в Соединенном Королевстве, так и на европейском континенте. В сфере культуры, хотя Джейн Портер и до него успешно писала в этом жанре. [11] Скотт наиболее известен своей серией романов Уэверли . Одним из первых на рынке масс - исторических романсов Хейеры «s The Black Moth появился в 1921 году.
Элеонора Хибберт (1906–1993) была английским писателем, опубликовавшим огромное количество романов, в том числе множество исторических романов о европейских королевских семьях под псевдонимом Жан Плейди. Она объединила воображение с фактами, чтобы оживить историю в художественных и романтических романах . Она была плодовитым писателем , который издал несколько книг в году в разных литературных жанрах, каждый жанр под другими псевдонимами: Виктория Холт для готических романсов и Филиппы Карра для нескольких поколений семейной саги . Литературное раздвоение личности, она также писала легкие романы, криминальные романы, детективы и триллеры под именами Элеонора Берфорд , Элбур Форд , Кэтлин Келлоу , Анна Персиваль и Эллалис Тейт . Некоторые из многочисленных исторических романов, опубликованных Хиббертом под именем Жана Плейди, включают: Сага о Тюдорове; Трилогия Екатерины Медичи; Мария Стюарт, серия "Королева Шотландии", "Французская революция"; Грузинская сага; Серия "Королева Виктория"; Нормандская трилогия.
Соединенные Штаты
Джеймс Фенимор Купер (1789–1851) был плодовитым и популярным американским писателем начала 19 века. Его исторические романы о границе и жизни индейцев в первые дни Америки создали уникальную форму американской литературы . [12] Прежде чем приступить к своим карьерам в качестве писателя он служил в ВМС США в качестве мичмана , который в значительной степени под влиянием многих его романов и других работ. Роман, положивший начало его карьере, - «Шпион» , действие которого происходит во время Войны за независимость и опубликовано в 1821 году. [13] Он также написал множество морских историй, а его самые известные произведения - пять исторических романов, известных как « Рассказы о кожаном чулке» . Хотя некоторые ученые не решались классифицировать Купера как строгого романтика , Виктор Гюго объявил его более великим мастером современной романтики. Этот вердикт был поддержан множеством менее известных читателей, таких как Бальзак и Рудольф Дрешер из Германии, которых не удовлетворило никакое меньшее название для своего фаворита, чем у «американского Скотта ». [14]
Жанр современного массового романа зародился в Америке в 1972 году, когда компания Avon опубликовала исторический роман Кэтлин Вудивисс « Пламя и цветок» . Действие происходит примерно в 1900 году. Это первый любовный роман, в котором «[следуют] за руководителями в спальню». [15] [16] Помимо содержания, книга была революционной в том смысле, что это был один из первых любовных романов с одним заголовком, который был опубликован в оригинальной мягкой обложке , а не впервые был опубликован в твердом переплете , и, как и категория романов , распространялся в аптеках и других торговых точках массового потребления. [17] Роман был продан тиражом 2,35 миллиона копий. [18] Avon последовал за его выпуском с публикацией в 1974 году второго романа Вудивисса « Волк и голубь» и двух романов новичка Розмари Роджерс . Один из романов Роджерса, « Темные огни», был продан тиражом 2 миллиона копий за первые три месяца после выхода, а к 1975 году Publishers Weekly сообщал, что «оригиналы Эйвона» были проданы в общей сложности 8 миллионами копий. [17] В следующем году было опубликовано более 150 исторических любовных романов, многие из которых были оригиналами в мягкой обложке, и было продано более 40 миллионов экземпляров. [18] В отличие от Вудивисса, в романах Роджерса фигурировали пары, которые путешествовали по миру, обычно были разлучены на время и имели несколько партнеров в книге. [19] Успех этих романов побудил к новому стилю написания романов, сосредоточив внимание прежде всего на исторической литературе, отслеживающей моногамные отношения между беспомощными героинями и героем, спасшим ее, даже если он был тем, кто подверг ее опасности. [20] Обложки этих романов, как правило, изображали скудно одетых женщин, которых схватил герой, что привело к тому, что романы стали называть «рвущими лифами». [15] В статье Wall St. Journal в 1980 году эти «потрошители» были названы «издательским ответом Биг Маку: они сочны, дешевы, предсказуемы и потребляются в огромных количествах легионами преданных фанатов». [21] Термин «разорвать лиф» в настоящее время считается оскорбительным для многих в индустрии романтики. [15]
В этом новом стиле исторического романа героини были независимыми и волевыми и часто были в паре с героями, которые превратились в заботливых и сострадательных мужчин, искренне восхищавшихся любимыми женщинами. [22] Это контрастировало с современными романами, опубликованными в то время, которые часто характеризовались слабыми женщинами, которые влюблялись в властных альфа-самцов . [23] Хотя эти героини играли активную роль в сюжете, они были «пассивны в отношениях с героями». [24] Во всех жанрах героини в это время обычно были в возрасте от 16 до 21 года, а герои были немного старше, обычно около 30. Женщины были девственницами , а мужчины - нет, и оба члена пары были описаны как красивые. [25]
В конце 1980-х годов в жанре романа доминировал исторический роман. Самыми популярными из исторических романов были романы с участием воинов, рыцарей, пиратов и ковбоев. [26] В 1990-х годах жанр стал больше сосредотачиваться на юморе, поскольку Джули Гарвуд начала вводить юмористические элементы и персонажей в свои исторические романы. [26]
Массовый рынок
Исторические любовные романы для массового рынка редко публикуются в твердом переплете, и менее 15 из них получают этот статус каждый год. На современном рынке обычно в 4-5 раз больше книг в твердом переплете. Поскольку исторические романы в основном публикуются в формате для массового рынка, их судьба в определенной степени связана с трендами массового рынка. Книготорговцы и крупные мерчандайзеры продают меньше книг в мягкой обложке для массового рынка, предпочитая торговые книги в мягкой или твердой обложке, что не позволяет продавать исторические романы в некоторых ценовых клубах и других местах массовых товаров. [27] В 2001 году этот жанр достиг 10-летнего пика, когда было опубликовано 778 книг. К 2004 году это число упало до 486, что по-прежнему составляло 20% от всех опубликованных любовных романов. Kensington Books утверждает, что они получают меньше заявок на исторические романы и что их ранее опубликованные авторы переключаются на современных. [27] [28]
Типы по периоду
Древний мир
Египет
Верхний Египет , Нижний Египет ( Нубия ). Начиная с с. 3050 г. до н.э.
Greece
Classical Greece
- Minoan and Mycenaean from c. 2700 BC.
- Athens, Sparta, Troy, Macedonia from c. 1200 BC
Rome
Roman Kingdom, from c. 900 BC. Roman Republic, from c. 500 BC. Roman Empire, from c. 45 BC.
Medieval
These historical romances are set between 450 and 1485.[29]
Women in the medieval period were often considered as no more than property and were forced to live at the mercy of their father, guardian, or the king. In this type of genre fiction the heroine is always from the aristocracy, and she must use her wits and will in order find a husband who will accept her need to be independent, while at the same time protecting her from danger. The hero is almost always a knight who first learns to respect her, and her uncommon ideas, and then falls in love with her. Heroes are always strong and dominant, and the heroine, despite her independent spirit, is usually still in a subordinate position. However, that position is her choice, made "for the sake of and with protection from an adoring lover, whose main purpose in life is to fulfill his beloved's wishes."[30]
Walter Scott's Ivanhoe is a historical novel by, first published in 1820 in three volumes and subtitled A Romance. It is set in 12th century England, has been credited for increasing interest in romance and medievalism; John Henry Newman claimed Scott "had first turned men's minds in the direction of the Middle Ages", while Carlyle and Ruskin made similar assertions of Scott's overwhelming influence over the revival based primarily on the publication of this novel.[31]
The twentieth century British novelist John Cowper Powys, who was influenced by Walter Scott, wrote two major historical romances, Owen Glendower (1941) and Porius: A Romance of the Dark Ages (1951). Owen Glendower set in at the time of Owen Glendower's uprising against King Henry IV, though "Powys has elected to cover only a few incidents in the revolt, principally during the years 1400-1405", with the concluding chapter focussing on November 1416 AD, and the death of Glendower.[32] Porius is set in the Dark Ages during a week of autumn 499 AD, this novel is, in part, a bildungsroman, with the adventures of the eponymous protagonist Porius, heir to the throne of Edeyrnion, in North Wales, at its centre. The novel draws from both Arthurian legend and Welsh history and mythology, with Myrddin (Merlin) as another major character. The invasion of Wales by the Saxons and the rise of the new religion of Christianity are central themes.
Charles Kingsley's Hereward the Wake: Last of the English (1866) tells the story of Hereward, the last Anglo-Saxon holdout against the Normans. It was Kingsley's last historical novel, and was instrumental in elevating Hereward into an English folk-hero.[33]Tim Severin is a more recent novelist who has written several novels about the Saxons: The Book of Dreams (2012); The Emperor's Elephant (2013); The Pope's Assassin (2015).
Robert Louis Stevenson wrote several historical romances including The Black Arrow: A Tale of the Two Roses (1888), and Kidnappped (1886). The Black Arrow is both a historical adventure novel and a romance novel, which is set at the time of the War of the Roses, in the late fifteenth century. Kidnapped is also historical fiction adventure novel. Written as a "boys' novel" and first published in the magazine Young Folks from May to July 1886. The novel has attracted the praise and admiration of writers including Hilary Mantel.[34] A sequel, Catriona, was published in 1893. This novel is set in 18th-century Scotland, and deals with the "Appin Murder", which occurred near Ballachulish in 1752 in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1745.[35][36] Many of the characters are based on real people, including one of the principals, Alan Breck Stewart. The political situation of the time is portrayed from different viewpoints, and the Scottish Highlanders are treated sympathetically.
Viking
These books are set during the early Middle Ages.[29]
Heroes in mass market Viking romances are typical alpha males who are tamed by their heroines. Most heroes are described as "tall, blonde, and strikingly handsome."[37] Using the Viking culture allows novels set in this time period to include travel, as the Vikings were "adventurers, founding and conquering colonies all over the globe."[37] In a 1997 poll of over 200 readers of Viking romances, Johanna Lindsey's Fires of Winter (1980) was considered the best of the subgenre. The subgenre has fallen out of style, and few novels in this vein have been published since the mid-1990s.[37]
Canadian author Joan Clark (1934- ) has written two novels based on the Viking presence in Newfoundland: Eiriksdottir: A Tale of Dreams and Luck (1993). which focuses on Freydis Eiriksdottir, daughter of Erik the Red and sister to Leif ("The Lucky") Eirikson; and The Dream Carvers (1995), which follows the adventures of Thrand, a Norse child abducted by the Beothuk in eleventh-century Newfoundland. The Dream Carvers won the Geoffrey Bilson Award for Historical Fiction for Young People. Joan Clark also won the Vicky Metcalf Award in 1999 in recognition for a body of work that has been "inspirational to Canadian youth."[38]
Tim Severin wrote several Viking novels: Odinn's Child (2005); Sworn Brother (2005); King's Man (2005).
Arthurian fiction
Arthurian fiction is also categorised as fantasy fiction.
Mary Stewart (1916 – 2014), was a British novelist who developed the romantic mystery genre, featuring smart, adventurous heroines who could hold their own in dangerous situations. She also wrote children's books and poetry, but may be best known for her Merlin series, Arthurian novels which straddles the boundary between the historical novel and fantasy.
Renaissance
Tudor England
Set in England between 1485 and 1558.[29]
The Tower of London is a novel by William Harrison Ainsworth serially published in 1840. It is a historical romance that describes the history of Lady Jane Grey from her short-lived time as Queen of England to her execution.
Hilary Mantel (1952 – ) is a prominent contemporary writer of historical romances (or novels). Wolf Hall, published in 2009 to critical acclaim, is about Henry VIII's minister Thomas Cromwell.[39] The book won that year's Man Booker Prize and, upon winning the award, Mantel said, "I can tell you at this moment I am happily flying through the air".[40] Judges voted three to two in favour of Wolf Hall for the prize. Mantel was presented with a trophy and a £50,000 cash prize during an evening ceremony at the London Guildhall.[41][42] The panel of judges, led by the broadcaster James Naughtie, described Wolf Hall as an "extraordinary piece of storytelling".[43] Leading up to the award, the book was backed as the favourite by bookmakers and accounted for 45% of the sales of all the nominated books.[41] It was the first favourite since 2002 to win the award.[44]
The sequel to Wolf Hall, called Bring Up the Bodies, was published in May 2012 to wide acclaim. It won the 2012 Costa Book of the Year and the 2012 Man Booker Prize; Mantel thus became the first British writer and the first woman to win the Man Booker Prize more than once.[45][46] Mantel has published the third novel of the Thomas Cromwell trilogy, called The Mirror and the Light.[47][48]
Elizabethan England
Set in England between 1558 and 1603, during the time of Elizabeth I.[29]
Victorian novelist Charles Kingsley's Westward Ho! (1855) is a British historical novel is set in the Elizabethan era that follows the adventures of Amyas Leigh who sets sail with Francis Drake and other privateers to the Caribbean, where they fight with the Spanish.
Stuart England
Set between 1603 and 1714 in England.[29]
Old St. Paul's, is a novel by William Harrison Ainsworth serially published in 1841. It is a historical romance set in 1665-66 that describes the events of the Great Plague of London and the Great Fire of London (1666). It was the basis for the silent film Old St. Paul's.
Georgian England
Set between 1714 and 1811 in England.[29]
Walter Scott's Rob Roy takes place just before the Jacobite rising of 1715, with much of Scotland in turmoil.
Georgette Heyer's The Black Moth (1921) is set in 1751. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness.
Richard Blackmore's Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor (1869) is a romance based on a group of historical characters set in the late 17th century in Devon and Somerset, particularly around the East Lyn Valley area of Exmoor. In 2003, the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read.[49]
Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped is a historical fiction adventure novel, that was originally published as a "boys' novel" and first published in the magazine Young Folks from May to July 1886. The novel has attracted the praise and admiration of writers as diverse as Henry James, Jorge Luis Borges, Hilary Mantel,[34] and Seamus Heaney.[citation needed] A sequel, Catriona, was published in 1893. The novel is set around 18th-century Scottish events, notably the "Appin Murder", which occurred near Ballachulish in 1752 in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1745.[35][36] Many of the characters were real people, including one of the principals, Alan Breck Stewart. The political situation of the time is portrayed from different viewpoints, and the Scottish Highlanders are treated sympathetically.
Modern period
Regency England
Set between 1811 and 1820 in England.[29]
In 1935 Georgette Heyer wrote the first of her signature Regency novels, set around the English Regency period (1811–1820), when the Prince Regent ruled England in place of his ill father, George III. Heyer's Regency novels were inspired by Jane Austen's novels of the late 18th and early 19th century. Because Heyer's writing was set in the midst of events that had occurred over 100 years previously, she included authentic period detail in order for her readers to understand.[50] Where Heyer referred to historical events, it was as background detail to set the period, and did not usually play a key role in the narrative. Heyer's characters often contained more modern-day sensibilities, and more conventional characters in the novels would point out the heroine's eccentricities, such as wanting to marry for love.[51]
Other writers of historical romances set at this time include Christina Dodd, Eloisa James, and Amanda Quick. The Regency historical romance has been made popular in recent years by Mary Balogh, Jo Beverley, Loretta Chase, Lisa Kleypas, Stephanie Laurens, and Julia Quinn. These novels are much more explicit than the traditional Regency works and include many more love scenes.
French Revolution
Baroness Emma Orczy (1865–1947) was a Hungarian-born British novelist, playwright, and artist of noble origin. In 1903, she and her husband wrote a play, The Scarlet Pimpernel, based on one of her short stories about an English aristocrat, Sir Percy Blakeney, Bart., who rescued French aristocrats from the French Revolution. She submitted her novelization of the story under the same title to 12 publishers. While waiting for the decisions of these publishers, Fred Terry and Julia Neilson accepted the play for production in the West End. Initially, it drew small audiences, but the play ran four years in London, broke many stage records, was translated and produced in other countries, and underwent several revivals. This theatrical success generated huge sales for the novel. Orczy went on to write over a dozen sequels featuring Sir Percy Blakeney, his family, and the other members of the League of the Scarlet Pimpernel, of which the first, I Will Repay (1906), was the most popular.
Victorian England
Set between 1832 and 1901 England, beginning with the Reform Act 1832 and including the reign of Queen Victoria.[29] A popular type of historical romance of this period was set a fictional country, such as the Ruritanian novels
Romantic stories about the royalty of a fictional kingdom were common in fiction, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, for instance Robert Louis Stevenson's Prince Otto (1885), Anthony Hope's The Prisoner of Zenda (1894), and Beatrice Heron-Maxwell, The Queen Regent (1902).[52] But it was the great popularity of that novel that set the type, with its handsome political decoy restoring the rightful king to the throne, and resulted in a burst of similar popular fiction, such as George Barr McCutcheon's Graustark novels (1901–27) and Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Lost Prince (1915), and there were various other works influenced by The Prisoner of Zenda.[53] Another example is The Mask of Dimitrios (1939) by Eric Ambler (titled A Coffin for Dimitrios in the US), which was made into a 1944 film version.[54]
Russian Revolution
First published in 1957, Boris Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago, set over the course of World War I and the Russian Revolution, won its author the Nobel Prize for Literature which caused some controversy since his book Doctor Zhivago was banned in the Soviet Union during this time.
Типы по настройке
English North America
Colonial United States
These novels are all set in the United States between 1630 and 1798.[29]
Fenimore Cooper's literary career was launched with The Spy (1821), a tale about counterespionage set during the Revolutionary War.[13] Nathaniel Hawthorne was another writer of historical romances, including his most famous work, The Scarlet Letter: A Romance (1850). Set in 17th-century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts, during the years 1642 to 1649, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter through an affair and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. Throughout the book, Hawthorne explores themes of legalism, sin, and guilt.
Civil War
These novels place their characters within the events of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. They may be set in the Confederacy or the Union.[29]
William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom (1936) is an example of a historical romance written by a twentieth century modernist. This takes place before, during, and after the American Civil War, and is a story about three families of the American South.
Western
These novels are set in the frontier of the United States, Canada, or Australia.[29] Unlike Westerns, where women are often marginalized, the Western genre fiction romance focuses on the experiences of the female.[55] Heroes in these novels seek adventure and are forced to conquer the unknown. They are often loners, slightly uncivilized, and "earthy."[56] Their heroines are often forced to travel to the frontier by events outside their control. These women must learn to survive in a man's world, and, by the end of the novel, have conquered their fears with love. In many cases the couple must face a level of personal danger, and, upon surmounting their troubles, are able to forge a strong relationship for the future.[56]
Fenimore Cooper is a noted nineteenth century writer of literary fiction romances that are set on the American frontier. Cooper's best-known works are five Leatherstocking Tales. Among the most famous of these works is The Last of the Mohicans: A Narrative of 1757 (1826), often regarded as his masterpiece.[57]
Guy Vanderhaeghe (1951 – ) is a Canadian novelist and short story writer, best known for his Western novels trilogy, The Englishman's Boy, The Last Crossing, and A Good Man set in the 19th-century American and Canadian West. Vanderhaeghe has won three Governor General's Awards for his fiction, one for his short story collection, Man Descending, in 1982, the second for his novel, The Englishman's Boy, in 1996, and the third for his short story collection Daddy Lenin and Other Storiesin 2015.
Native American
These novels could also fall into the Western subgenre, but always feature a Native American protagonist whose "heritage is integral to the story."[29] These romances "[emphasize] instinct, creativity, freedom, and the longing to escape from the strictures of society to return to nature."[58] Members of Native American tribes who appear in the books are usually depicted as "exotic figures" who "[possess] a freedom to be admired and envied."[58] Often the Native protagonist is struggling against racial prejudice and incurs hardships trying to maintain a way of life that is different from the norm. By the end of the novel, however, the problems are surmounted.[59] The heroes of these novels are often fighting to control their darker desires.[58] In many cases, the hero or heroine is captured and then falls in love with a member of the tribe. The tribe is always depicted as civilized, not savages, and misunderstood.[58]
When surveyed about their reasons for reading Native American romances, many readers cited the desire to learn about the beliefs, customs and culture of the Native American tribes. The novels within this subgenre are generally not limited to a specific tribe, location, or time period. Readers appreciate that native tribes "have a whole different way of life, a different way of thinking and a different way of looking at things".[59] In many cases, the tribe's love of nature is highlighted.[59]
Americana
Americana: "Things produced in the U.S. and thought to be typical of the U.S. or its culture".[60] Novels set between 1880 and 1920 in the United States, usually in a small town or in the Midwest.[29]
Nautical
Some historical novels explore life at sea, including C. S. Forester's Hornblower series, Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin series, Alexander Kent's The Bolitho novels, Dudley Pope's Lord Ramage's series, all of which all deal with the Napoleonic Wars. American Fenimore Cooper, who served in the American Navy also wrote se stories, including The Red Rover and The Water Witch.
Pirate
There are adventure novels with pirate characters like Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island (1883), Emilio Salgari's Sandokan (1895–1913) and Captain Blood (1922) by Rafael Sabatini. Recent examples of historical novels about pirates are The Adventures of Hector Lynch series (2007–14) by Tim Severin, The White Devil (Белият Дявол) by Hristo Kalchev and The Pirate Devlin novels by Mark Keating.
Pirate novels feature a male or female who is sailing, or thought to be sailing, as a pirate or privateer on the high seas. Pirate heroes are the ultimate "bad boys," who "dominate all for the sake of wealth and freedom."[61] The heroine is usually captured by the hero in an early part of the novel, and then is forced to succumb to his wishes, though eventually she falls in love with her captor. On the rarer occasions where the heroine is the pirate, the book often focuses on her struggle to maintain her freedom of choice while living the life of a man. Regardless of the sex of the pirate, much of the action in the book takes place at sea.[61]
Рекомендации
Citations
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- ^ Walter Scott, "Essay on Romance", p. 129.
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- ^ Lounsbury, 1883, pp. 7–8
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- ^ a b c Kitzmiller, Chelley (November 3, 1997). "Write Byte: The Allure of the Native American Romance". All About Romance. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved August 28, 2007. Cite journal requires
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(help) - ^ "Definition of AMERICANA". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Ryan, Kate (January 1998). "Themes: Pirates". Romantic Times. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2007.
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