Список мэров Нью-Йорка

Мэр Нью - Йорк является исполнительным директором правительства Нью - Йорк , как это предусмотрено уставом в Нью - Йорке. Нынешний пост занимает 109-е место в списке мэров - Билл де Блазио , член Демократической партии .

Во время голландского колониального периода с 1624 по 1664 год Новым Амстердамом управлял директор Новой Голландии . После создания в 1664 году британской провинции Нью-Йорк , недавно переименованным городом Нью-Йорк управлял британский военный губернатор Ричард Николлс . Канцелярия мэра Нью-Йорка была основана в 1665 году. Ее владельцы назначались губернаторами колоний, начиная с Томаса Уиллетта . Позиция оставалась назначен до 1777. В том же году во время американской революции , Совет по назначениям был сформирован государством в Нью - Йорке . В 1821 году городской совет Нью-Йорка- тогда известный как Общий совет - начал назначать мэров. С 1834 года мэры избираются прямым всенародным голосованием. ^[1]

До 1898 года город включал немногое за пределами острова Манхэттен. 1898 консолидации создал город , как сегодня с пяти районов : Манхэттен , Бронкс , Бруклин , Квинс и Стейтен - Айленд . Первым мэром расширенного города был Роберт Андерсон Ван Вик .

Самыми долгими мэрами были Фьорелло Х. Ла Гуардиа (1934–1945), Роберт Ф. Вагнер-младший (1954–1965), Эд Кох (1978–1989) и Майкл Блумберг (2002–2013), каждый из которых был в должности в течение двенадцати лет (три последовательных четырехлетних срока). Самые короткие сроки пребывания в должности с 1834 г. были у исполняющих обязанности мэров: Уильям Т. Коллинз служил один день 31 декабря 1925 г., Сэмюэл Б. Х. Вэнс - один месяц (с 30 ноября по 31 декабря 1874 г.), а Томас Коман - пять. недель (с понедельника 30 ноября 1868 г. по понедельник 4 января 1869 г.).

Каждый мэр был белым до избрания Дэвида Динкинса (1990–1993), на сегодняшний день единственный афроамериканец в городе, занимавший этот пост. ^{[2] В} Нью-Йорке не было мэра латиноамериканца или латиноамериканца , за исключением, возможно, Джона Пурроя Митчела (1914–1917), испанского происхождения и чей дед родился в Венесуэле . ^[3] Мэры Нью-Йорка отличались религиозным разнообразием; мэрами города были протестанты , евреи и католики . ^[4] Ни одна женщина никогда не занимала пост мэра Нью-Йорка. ^[5]

Колониальные мэры [ править ]

До 1680 года мэры служили в течение одного года. С 1680 г. они отбывали двухлетний срок. Исключения отмечены таким образом (*). Кинжал (†) указывает на то, что должность мэра прервана смертью при исполнении служебных обязанностей. (Когда один и тот же человек прослужил более одного непрерывного срока, его имя слегка заштриховано исключительно для ясности, но оттенки не имеют другого значения.)

Note

1. Peter Delanoy was the first and only directly-elected mayor of New York^[7] until 1834. Appointed mayors resumed in the wake of Leisler's Rebellion.

† died in office

Pre-consolidation mayors[edit]

The mayor continued to be selected by the Government of New York's Council of Appointment until 1821, when Stephen Allen became the first mayor appointed by a local Common Council. Under the Charter of 1834, mayors were elected annually by direct popular vote. Starting in 1849, mayors were elected to serve two-year terms.

Notes

1. John T. Hoffman resigned after his election as Governor of New York state but before the end of his mayoral term.^[12] Thomas Coman, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Hoffman's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, A. Oakey Hall, took office.^[13]
2. When Hall temporarily retired during the Tweed investigation, the Acting Mayor of New York City was John Cochrane, the President of the New York City Council.
3. William F. Havemeyer died during his last term of office. Samuel B. H. Vance, President of the Board of Aldermen, completed Havemeyer's term as acting mayor until his elected successor, William H. Wickham, took office.
4. William L. Strong served an additional year in office because New York City mayoral elections were changed to be held in odd-numbered years due to the impending consolidation of New York City.

† died in office

Post-consolidation mayors[edit]

The 1898–1901 term was for four years. The City Charter was changed to make the mayor's term a two-year one beginning in 1902, but after two such terms was changed back to resume four-year terms in 1906. George B. McClellan Jr. thus served one two-year term from 1904 to 1905, during which he was elected to a four-year term from 1906 to 1909.

The party of the mayor reflects party registration, as opposed to the party lines run under during the general election.

Notes

1. Randolph Gugghenheimer I (born 1846) served as acting mayor in 1900 while Robert A. Van Wyck was away.^[19][20]
2. Seth Low previously served as Mayor of the City of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885.
3. William Jay Gaynor died September 10, 1913. Ardolph L. Kline, the unelected President of the Board of Aldermen, succeeded as acting mayor upon Gaynor's death, but then sought re-election as an alderman (successfully) rather than election as mayor. Kline has thus been the only mayor since 1834 never to win a citywide election (having been appointed Vice President of the Board of Aldermen by his colleagues and then succeeding to the presidency mid-term, rather than winning it by popular election at large).
4. John Hylan and Police Commissioner Richard Enright resigned December 30, 1925 to ensure that they received their city pensions, which they may not have been entitled to keep had they stayed in office for one more day. William T. Collins became acting Mayor for one day, prior to the inauguration of Jimmy Walker^[15]
5. Jimmy Walker resigned September 1, 1932 and went to Europe, amid allegations of corruption in his administration. Joseph V. McKee, as President of the Board of Aldermen, became acting mayor in Walker's place, but was then defeated in a special election by John P. O'Brien.
6. William O'Dwyer resigned August 31, 1950, during a police corruption scandal, after which he was appointed Ambassador to Mexico by President Harry S. Truman.
7. Vincent R. Impellitteri, President of the New York City Council, became acting mayor when O'Dwyer resigned on August 31, 1950, and was then elected to the office in a special election held on November 7, 1950. He was inaugurated on November 14.
8. John Lindsay switched party affiliation from Republican to Democrat in 1971 and attempted unsuccessfully to run for the Democratic nomination for president in 1972.^[21]
9. Michael Bloomberg was a lifelong Democrat before registering as a Republican in 2001 and running for mayor. He then registered as an Independent in 2007, and re-registered as a Democrat in 2018 in preparation for his unsuccessful bid for the Democratic nomination for president in 2020.^[22]

† died in office

Appendices[edit]

Mayoral terms and term limits in New York City since 1834[edit]

Direct elections to the mayoralty of the unconsolidated City of New York began in 1834 for a term of one year, extended to two years after 1849. The 1897 Charter of the consolidated City stipulated that the mayor was to be elected for a single four-year term. In 1901, the term halved to two years, with no restrictions on reelection. In 1905, the term was extended to four years once again. (Mayors Fiorello La Guardia, Robert F. Wagner Jr. and Ed Koch were later able to serve for twelve years each.) ^[23] In 1993, the voters approved a two-term (eight-year) limit, and reconfirmed this limit when the issue was submitted to referendum in 1996. In 2008, the New York City Council voted to change the two-term limit to three terms (without submitting the issue to the voters).^[24] Legal challenges to the Council's action were rejected by Federal courts in January and April 2009.^[25] However, in 2010, yet another referendum, reverting the limit to two terms, passed overwhelmingly.^[26]

Principal source: The Encyclopedia of New York City ^[27] especially the entries for "charter" and "mayoralty".

1. Mayor Strong, elected in 1894, served an extra year because no municipal election was held in 1896, in anticipation of the consolidated City's switch to odd-year elections.
2. George B. McClellan Jr. was elected to one two-year term (1904–1905) and one four-year term (1906–1909)
3. David Dinkins was not affected by the term limit enacted in 1993 because he had served only one term by 1993 and failed to win re-election.
4. The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in Manhattan coincided with the primary elections for a successor to Mayor Giuliani, who was completing his second and final term of office. Many were so impressed by both the urgency of the situation and Giuliani's response that they wanted to keep him in office beyond December 31, 2001, either by removing the term limit or by extending his service for a few months.^[28] However, neither happened, the primary elections (with the same candidates) were re-run on September 25, the general election was held as scheduled on November 6, and Michael Bloomberg took office on the regularly appointed date of January 1, 2002.
5. On October 2, 2008, Michael Bloomberg announced that he would ask the city council to extend the limit for mayor, council and other officers from two terms to three, and that, should such an extended limit prevail, he himself would seek re-election as mayor.^[29] On October 23, the New York City Council voted 29–22 to extend the two-term limit to three terms. (A proposed amendment to submit the vote to a public referendum had failed earlier the same day by a vote of 22–28 with one abstention.)^[24]
6. In November 2010, yet another popular referendum, limiting mayoral terms to two, passed overwhelmingly.^[26][30]

Interrupted terms[edit]

Mayors John T. Hoffman (1866–68, elected Governor 1868), William Havemeyer (1845–46, 1848–49, and 1873–74), William Jay Gaynor (1910–13), John Francis Hylan (1918–1925), Jimmy Walker (1926–32), and William O'Dwyer (1946–50) failed to complete the final terms to which they were elected. The uncompleted mayoral terms of Hoffman, Walker, and O'Dwyer were added to the other offices elected in (respectively) 1868, 1932, and 1950 [those three elections are listed as "special" in the table below because they occurred before the next regularly scheduled mayoral election; the "regular" mayoral elections of 1874 and 1913, on the other hand, were held on the same day that they would have happened had the mayoralty not become vacant.]

† Became acting mayor as the president of the board of aldermen or (in 1950) city council.

(D) = (Democratic)

(R) = (Republican)

1. Mayor Havemeyer was a Democrat who ran as a Republican against the Democratic Tweed Ring in 1872.
2. Acting Mayors Coman, Vance, Kline and Collins did not seek election as mayor.
3. Acting Mayors McKee and Impellitteri were Democrats who lost the Democratic primary to succeed themselves, but still ran in the general election as independents.
4. Elected Mayor Oakey Hall won re-election, while Mayor Wickham did not seek it. Mayors Mitchel and O'Brien lost attempts at re-election, while Mayor Impellitteri did not run for a full term in the 1953 regular general election after losing the Democratic primary.

Mayors of the City of Brooklyn, 1834–1897[edit]

Brooklyn elected a mayor from 1834 until consolidation in 1898 into the City of Greater New York, whose own second mayor (1902–1903), Seth Low, had been Mayor of Brooklyn from 1882 to 1885. Since 1898, Brooklyn has, in place of a separate mayor, elected a Borough President.

Mayors of Long Island City, 1870–1897[edit]

Long Island City, now within the Borough of Queens, was incorporated as a city in her own right on May 4, 1870 and (like the City of Brooklyn) consolidated into the present Greater New York City on January 1, 1898.

See also[edit]

• Election results for Mayor of New York
• History of New York City
• History of Brooklyn
• List of governors of New York

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Media related to Mayors of New York City at Wikimedia Commons