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Rhinoceros3d-logo.png
Разработчики)Роберт Макнил и партнеры
Стабильный выпуск
Rhino 7/8 декабря 2020 г . ; 5 месяцев назад [1] (2020-12-08)
Операционная системаMicrosoft Windows , macOS
Доступно вМногоязычный
Тип3D компьютерная графика , Компьютерное проектирование
ЛицензияПроприетарный
Веб-сайтrhino3d .com

Rhinoceros (обычно сокращенно Rhino или Rhino3D ) - это коммерческое прикладное программное обеспечение для трехмерной компьютерной графики и автоматизированного проектирования (CAD), разработанное Robert McNeel & Associates, американской частной компанией, принадлежащей сотрудникам, основанной в 1980 году. Геометрия Rhinoceros основана на NURBS - математическая модель, которая сосредоточена на производстве математически точное представление кривых и произвольной формы поверхностей в компьютерной графике (в отличие от многоугольника сетки -приложений).

Rhinoceros используется в процессах автоматизированного проектирования (CAD), автоматизированного производства (CAM) , быстрого прототипирования , 3D-печати и обратного инжиниринга в отраслях, включая архитектуру , промышленный дизайн (например, автомобильный дизайн , дизайн гидроциклов ), дизайн продукции (например, ювелирный дизайн ), а также для мультимедийного и графического дизайна . [2]

Rhinoceros разработан для операционной системы Microsoft Windows и macOS . Надстройка языка визуальных сценариев для Rhino, Grasshopper , разработана Robert McNeel & Associates.

Обзор [ править ]

Характеристики [ править ]

Rhinoceros is primarily a freeform surface modeler that utilizes the NURBS mathematical model. Rhinoceros's application architecture and open SDK make it modular and enable the user to customize the interface and create custom commands and menus. There are dozens of plug-ins available from both McNeel and other software companies that complement and expand Rhinoceros's capabilities in specific fields, such as rendering and animation, architecture, marine, jewelry, engineering, prototyping, and others.[3]

File format[edit]

The Rhinoceros file format (.3DM) is useful for the exchange of NURBS geometry. The Rhino developers started the openNURBS Initiative to provide computer graphics software developers the tools to accurately transfer 3-D geometry between applications. An open-source toolkit, openNURBS includes the 3DM file format specification, documentation, C++ source code libraries and .NET 2.0 assemblies to read and write the file format on supported platforms – Windows, Windows x64, Mac, and Linux.

Compatibility[edit]

Rhinoceros offers compatibility with other software as it supports over 30 CAD file formats for importing and exporting.[4]

The following CAD and image file formats are natively supported (without the use of external plug-ins):

  • DWG/DXF (AutoCAD 200x, 14, 13, and 12)
  • IGES
  • STEP
  • SolidWorks SLDPRT and SLDASM
  • SAT (ACIS, export only)
  • MicroStation DGN
  • Direct X (X file format)
  • FBX
  • X_T (Parasolid, export only)
  • .3ds
  • LWO
  • STL
  • SLC
  • OBJ
  • AI
  • RIB
  • POV
  • UDO
  • VRML
  • CSV (export properties and hydrostatics)
  • BMP
  • TGA
  • uncompressed TIFF
  • VDA
  • GHS
  • GTS
  • KML
  • PLY
  • SketchUp

The following CAD file formats are supported with use of external plug-ins:[5]

  • 3DPDF
  • ACIS
  • CATIA V4
  • CATIA V5
  • CATIA V6
  • CGR
  • Inventor
  • JT
  • Parasolid
  • PLMXML
  • Creo Parametric
  • Solid Edge
  • Siemens NX

When opening CAD file formats not in its native .3dm file format, Rhinoceros will convert the geometry into its native format; when importing a CAD file, the geometry is added to the current file.

When Autodesk AutoCAD's file format changes (see DWG file format for more information), the Open Design Alliance reverse engineers the file format to allow these files to be loaded by other vendors' software. Rhinoceros's import and export modules are actually plug-ins, so they can be easily updated via a service release. Rhinoceros Service Releases (SR) are frequent and freely downloadable. Rhinoceros 5 SR10 can import and export DWG/DXF file formats up to version 2014.

Rhinoceros is also compatible with a number of graphic design-based programs. Among them is Adobe Illustrator. This method is best when working with a vector-based file. The user starts by saving the file, then, when prompted, saves as Adobe Illustrator (*ai). From there, the user can control the vectors created in Rhinoceros, which can be enhanced further in Adobe Illustrator.

3D printing[edit]

Rhinoceros 3D relies on a few plug-ins that facilitate 3D printing [6][7] and allows the export of .STL and .OBJ file formats, both of which are supported by numerous 3D printers and 3D printing services.

Scripting and programming[edit]

Rhinoceros supports two scripting languages, Rhinoscript (based on VBScript) and Python (V5.0+ and Mac). It also has an SDK and a complete plug-in system. One McNeel plug-in, a parametric modeling/visual programming tool called Grasshopper, has attracted many architects to Rhinoceros due to its ease of use and ability to create complex algorithmic structures.[8]

Main article: Grasshopper 3D
An example of artwork modeled in Rhino and rendered in Flamingo

See also[edit]

  • Comparison of computer-aided design editors
  • Computer-aided industrial design

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Download Rhino 7 for Windows". Robert McNeel & Associates.
  2. ^ "Rhino 3D 6 for Windows and Mac". NOVEDGE. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  3. ^ "Rhinoceros Resources". rhino3d.com. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  4. ^ "Index of import/export file types". Rhinoceros Help. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  5. ^ Thuilier, Félix. "Rhino plug-ins to convert, import and export files". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  6. ^ "3D Print Button". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  7. ^ "3D Hubs 3D Printing plugin for Rhino". Food4Rhino. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  8. ^ "AEC Magazine - Rhino Grasshopper".

External links[edit]

  • Official website
  • McNeel Wiki
  • The History of Rhino – notable project milestones.
  • Rhinoceros 3D's channel on YouTube
  • Food4Rhino – apps for Rhino and Grasshopper.
  • Rhino News, etc. – the official blog.