Это список слов английского языка, заимствованных из языков коренных народов Америки либо напрямую, либо через промежуточные европейские языки, такие как испанский или французский . † указывает ссылку на определение слова. Он не охватывает названия этнических групп или географические названия, полученные из языков коренных народов.
Большинство слов языка коренных американцев / коренных народов являются общими названиями для местной флоры и фауны или описывают предметы жизни и культуры коренных американцев или коренных народов . Некоторые из них - имена, применяемые в честь коренных американцев или коренных народов или из-за неопределенного сходства с исходным объектом этого слова. Например, секвойи названы в честь лидера чероки Секвойя , который жил в 2000 милях (3200 км) к востоку от ареала этого дерева, в то время как кинкажу из Южной Америки получил название от неродственной североамериканской росомахи .
Слова из алгонкинских языков
Поскольку коренные американцы и коренные народы, говорящие на языке группы алгонкинов, как правило, первыми встречали английских исследователей и поселенцев вдоль Восточного побережья , многие слова из этих языков проникли в английский.
Кроме того, многие топонимы в Северной Америке имеют алгонкинское происхождение, например: Миссисипи (ср. Майами-Иллинойс : mihsisiipiiwi и оджибве : misiziibi , «великая река», относящаяся к реке Миссисипи ) [1] [2] и Мичиган. (ср. Майами-Иллинойс: meehcakamiwi , оджибве: Mishigami , «великое море», относящееся к озеру Мичиган ). [2] [3] Канадские провинции и штаты , округа, округа и муниципалитеты США носят алгонкинские названия, такие как Квебек , Саскачеван , Нантакет , Массачусетс, Наугатак , Коннектикут, Вайоминг , округ Киватин , округ Отагэми , Висконсин и Чикаго , Иллинойс, или названия, производные от алгонкинского языка, такие как Algoma .
Furthermore, some indigenous peoples of the Americas groups are known better by their Algonquian exonyms, rather than by their endonym, such as the Eskimo (see below), Winnebago (perhaps from Potawatomi: winpyéko, lit. '(people of the) dirty water'),[4] Sioux (ultimately from Ottawa: naadowesiwag),[4] Assiniboine (Ojibwe: asiniibwaan, lit. 'stone Sioux')[2] and Chipewyan (Cree: čīpwayān, lit. '(those who have) pointed skins or hides').[5]
- Apishamore †
- From a word in an Algonquian language meaning "something to lie down upon" [6] (c.f. Ojibweapishimon). [2]
- Atamasco lily †
- Earlier "attamusca", from Powhatan. [7][8]
- Babiche †
- From Míkmaqápapíj (from ápapi, "cord, thread", Proto-Algonquian*aʔrapa·pyi, from *aʔrapy-, "net" + *-a·by-, "string". [9]
- Caribou †
- From Míkmaqqalipu, "snow-shoveler" (from qalipi, "shovel snow", Proto-Algonquian*maka·ripi-). [10]
- Caucus †
- The etymology is disputed: two possible sources are an Algonquian word for "counsel", 'cau´-cau-as´u'; or the Algonquian cawaassough, meaning an advisor, talker, or orator. [11]
- Chinkapin †
- From Powhatanchechinquamins, [12] reconstituted as */t͡ʃiːht͡ʃiːnkweːmins/, the plural form. [13]
- Chipmunk †
- Originally "chitmunk," from Odawajidmoonh[14]/t͡ʃɪtmő/ (c.f. Ojibweajidamoo(nh)), [2] " American red squirrel".
- Cisco †
- Originally "siscowet," from Ojibwe languagebemidewiskaawed "greasy-bodied [fish]". [15]
- Eskimo †
- From Old Montagnaisaiachkimeou ( [aːjast͡ʃimeːw]; modern ayassimēw), meaning "snowshoe-netter" (often incorrectly claimed to be from an Ojibwe word meaning "eaters of raw [meat]"), and originally used to refer to the Mikmaq. [16][17]
- Hackmatack †
- From an Algonquian language akemantak (c.f. Ojibweaagimaandag), " snowshoe boughs". [citation needed]
- Hickory †
- From Powhatan
, "milky drink made with hickory nuts". [18][19] - Hominy †
- From Powhatan
/ , literally "that which is treated", in this case "that which is ground/beaten". [20] - Husky †
- Ultimately from a variant form of the word "Eskimo" (see above). [21]
- Kinkajou †
- From an Algonquian word meaning "wolverine" (c.f. Algonquinkwingwaage, Ojibwegwiingwa'aage), [2] through French quincajou. [22]
- Kinnikinnick †
- From Unami Delaware/kələkːəˈnikːan/, "mixture" (c.f. Ojibwe giniginige "to mix something animate with something inanimate"), [2] from Proto-Algonquian*kereken-, "mix (it) with something different by hand". [23]
- Mackinaw †
- From michilmackinac, from Menominimishilimaqkināhkw, "be large like a snapping turtle", [citation needed] or from Ojibwemishi-makinaak, "large snapping turtle" with French -ile-, "island". [citation needed]
- Moccasin †
- From an Algonquian language, perhaps Powhatan
, [24] reconstituted as */mahkesen/[25](c.f. Ojibwemakizin, [2]Míkmaqmɨkusun, [26] from Proto-Algonquian*maxkeseni). [27] - Moose †
- From Eastern Abenakimoz, reinforced by cognates from other Algonquian languages [28][29] (e.g. Massachusett/Narragansettmoos, [29]Ojibwemoo(n)z, [2]Lenapemus 'elk' [30]), from Proto-Algonquian*mo·swa. [29]
- Mugwump †
- From "mugquomp", a shortening of Massachusett
, "war chief" ( Proto-Algonquian*memekwa·pe·wa, from *memekw-, "swift" + *-a·pe·, "man"). [31] - Muskellunge †
- Ultimately from Ojibwe maashkinoozhe, [2] "ugly pike" (c.f. ginoozhe, "pike").
- Muskeg †
- From Cree maskēk, "swamp" [32] ( Proto-Algonquian*maškye·kwi). [33]
- Muskrat †
- A folk-etymologized reshaping of earlier "musquash", from Massachusett (c.f. Western Abenakimòskwas), apparently from Proto-Algonquian*mo·šk, "bob (at the surface of the water)" + *-exkwe·-, "head" + a derivational ending). [33]
- Opossum †
- From Powhatan
/ / , "white dog-like animal", [34] reconstituted as */aːpassem/[35] (c.f. Proto-Algonquian*waːp-aʔθemwa, "white dog"). [36][37] - Papoose †
- From Narragansett
[38] or Massachusett òs>, "baby". [39] - Pecan †
- From Illinoispakani (c.f. Ojibwebagaan), [2] " nut", from Proto-Algonquian*paka·ni. [40]
- Pemmican †
- From Creepimihkān, from pimihkēw, "to make grease" ( Proto-Algonquian*pemihke·wa, from *pemy-, "grease" + -ehke·, "to make"). [41]
- Persimmon †
- From Powhatan
/ , reconstituted as */pessiːmin/. [42] While the final element reflects Proto-Algonquian*-min, "fruit, berry", the initial is unknown. [43] - Pipsissewa †
- From Abenakikpipskwáhsawe, "flower of the woods". [38][44]
- Pokeweed †
- Probably from "puccoon" (see below) + "weed". [38]
- Pone †
- From Powhatan
/ , "something roasted" (reconstituted as */apoːn/) [45] (c.f. Ojibweabwaan), [2] from Proto-Algonquian*apwa·n. [46] - Powwow †
- From Narragansettpowwaw, " shaman" ( Proto-Algonquian*pawe·wa, "to dream, to have a vision"). [47]
- Puccoon †
- From Powhatan
, [38] reconstituted as */pakkan/[48] (c.f. Unami Delaware[pɛːkɔːn], 'red dye; the plant from which dye is made'). [49][50] - Pung
- A low box-like sleigh designed for one horse. Shortened form of "tom-pung" (from the same etymon as "toboggan") from an Algonquian language of Southern New England. [51]
- Punkie †
- Via Dutch, from Munsee[ponkwəs] ( Proto-Algonquian*penkwehsa, from *penkw-, "dust, ashes" + *-ehs, a diminutive suffix). [52]
- Quahog †
- From Narragansett
. [53] ûhock> - Quonset hut †
- From an Algonquian language of southern New England, possibly meaning "small long place" (with
, "long" + <-s->, diminutive + <-et>, locative). [54] - Raccoon †
- From Powhatan
/ , [55] tentatively reconstituted as */aːreːhkan/. [56] - Sachem †
- From an Algonquian language of southern New England, [57] c.f. Narragansett
( Proto-Eastern Algonquian*sākimāw, "chief"). [58]âchim> - Sagamore †
- From Eastern Abenakisakəma (c.f. Narragansett
), "chief", from Proto-Eastern Algonquian*sākimāw. [58]âchim> - Shoepac †
- From Unami Delaware[t͡ʃipahkɔ] "shoes" (singular [t͡ʃiːpːakw]), altered on analogy with English "shoe". [59]
- Skunk †
- From Massachusett
[citation needed] ( Proto-Algonquian*šeka·kwa, from *šek-, "to urinate" + *-a·kw, "fox"). [60] - Squash (fruit) †
- From Narragansett
. [61] útasquash> - Squaw †
- From Massachusett
(c.f. Creeiskwē, Ojibweikwe), [2] "woman", from Proto-Algonquian*eθkwe·wa. [61] - Succotash †
- From Narragansett
, "boiled whole kernels of corn" ( Proto-Algonquian*mesi·nkwete·wari, singular *mesi·nkwete·, from *mes-, "whole" + *-i·nkw-, "eye [=kernel]" + -ete·, "to cook"). [62] íckquatash> - Tabagie †
- From Algonquin tabaguia. [63]
- Terrapin †
- Originally "torope," from an Eastern Algonquian language, perhaps Powhatan (reconstituted as */toːrepeːw/) [64] (c.f. Munsee Delaware/toːlpeːw/), [65] from Proto-Eastern Algonquian*tōrəpēw. [66]
- Toboggan †
- From Míkmaqtopaqan[67] or Maliseet-Passamaquoddy /tʰaˈpakən/[68] ( Proto-Algonquian*weta·pye·kani, from *wet-, "to drag" + *-a·pye·-, "cordlike object" + *-kan, "instrument for"). [67]
- Tomahawk †
- From Powhatan
( Proto-Algonquian*temaha·kani, from *temah-, "to cut" + *-a·kan, "instrument for"). [69] - Totem †
- From Ojibwenindoodem, "my totem" or odoodeman, "his totem," referring to a kin group. [70]
- Tuckahoe †
- From Powhatan
/ / , "root used for bread", reconstituted as */takwahahk/[71] (perhaps from Proto-Algonquian*takwah-, "pound (it)/reduce (it) to flour"). [72] - Tullibee †
- From Old Ojibwe */otoːlipiː/[73] ( modernodoonibii). [2]
- Wampum †
- Earlier "wampumpeag", from Massachusett, and meaning "white strings [of beads]" (c.f. Maliseet: wapapiyik, [74]Eastern Abenakiwápapəyak, Ojibwewaabaabiinyag), [2] from Proto-Algonquian*wa·p-, "white" + *-a·py-, "string-like object" + *-aki, plural. [75][76]
- Wanigan †
- from Ojibwa waanikaan, "storage pit" [77]
- Wapiti (elk) †
- From Shawneewaapiti, "white rump" (c.f. Ojibwewaabidiy), [2] from Proto-Algonquian*wa·petwiya, from *wa·p-, "white" + *-etwiy, "rump". [78]
- Wickiup †
- From Foxwiikiyaapi, from the same Proto-Algonquian etymon as "wigwam" (see below). [79]
- Wigwam †
- From Eastern Abenakiwìkəwam (c.f. Ojibwewiigiwaam), [2] from Proto-Algonquian*wi·kiwa·Hmi. [80]
- Woodchuck †
- Reshaped on analogy with "wood" and "chuck", from an Algonquian language of southern New England (c.f. Narragansett
, "woodchuck"). [81]
Слова с науатля
- Unless otherwise specified, Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique is among the sources used for each etymology
Words of Nahuatl origin have entered many European languages. Mainly they have done so via Spanish. Most words of Nahuatl origin end in a form of the Nahuatl "absolutive suffix" (-tl, -tli, or -li, or the Spanish adaptation -te), which marked unpossessed nouns.
- Achiote †
- from āchiotl[aːˈt͡ʃiot͡ɬ]
- Atlatl †
- from ahtlatl[ˈaʔt͡ɬat͡ɬ]
- Atole †
- from atōlli[ˈaːtoːlli]
- Avocado †
- from āhuacatl, 'avocado' or 'testicle' [aːˈwakat͡ɬ]
- Axolotl †
- āxōlōtl, from ā-, 'water' + xōlōtl, 'male servant' [82][aːˈʃoːloːt͡ɬ]
- Cacao † and cocoa †
- from cacahuatl[kaˈkawat͡ɬ]
- Chayote †
- from chayohtli[t͡ʃaˈjoʔt͡ɬi]
- Chia †
- from chiyan[ˈt͡ʃi.jan]
- Chicle †
- from tzictli[ˈt͡sikt͡ɬi]
- Chili †
- from chīlli[ˈt͡ʃiːlːi]
- Chipotle †
- from chilpoctli meaning 'smoked chili'
- Chocolate †
- Often said to be from Nahuatl xocolātl[38] or chocolātl, [83] which would be derived from xococ 'bitter' and ātl 'water' (with an irregular change of x to ch). [84] However, the form xocolātl is not directly attested, and chocolatl does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid-18th century. Some researchers have recently proposed that the chocol- element was originally chicol-, and referred to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate. [85]
- Copal †
- from copalli[86]
- Coyote †
- from coyōtl
- Epazote †
- from epazōtl
- Guacamole †
- from āhuacamōlli, from āhuaca-, 'avocado', and mōlli, 'sauce'
- Hoatzin †
- from huāctzin[87]
- Jicama †
- from xicamatl
- Mesquite †
- from mizquitl[ˈmiskit͡ɬ]
- Mezcal †
- from mexcalli[meʃˈkalːi]metl[met͡ɬ] and ixcalli[iʃˈkalːi] which mean 'oven cooked agave.' [88]
- Mole †
- from mōlli[ˈmoːlːi], 'sauce'
- Nixtamalization †
- from nixtamalli
- Nopal †
- from nohpalli[noʔˈpalːi], 'prickly pear cactus'
- Ocelot †
- from ocēlōtl[oːˈseːloːt͡ɬ]
- Peyote †
- from peyōtl[ˈpejoːt͡ɬ]. Nahuatl probably borrowed the root peyō- from another language, but the source is not known. [89]
- Pinole †
- from Nahuatl pinolli, via Spanish
- Quetzal †
- from quetzalli[keˈt͡salːi], ' quetzal feather'. [90]
- Sapodilla †
- from tzapocuahuitl
- Sapota †
- from tzapotl[ˈt͡sapot͡ɬ]
- Shack †
- possibly from xahcalli[ʃaʔˈkalːi], 'grass hut', by way of Mexican Spanish. [38][91]
- Sotol †
- from tzotolli[92]
- Tamale †
- from tamalli[taˈmalːi]
- Tequila
- from téquitl 'work' + tlan 'place'
- Tlacoyo †
- from tlahtlaōyoh[t͡ɬɑʔt͡ɬɑˈoːjoʔ]
- Tomato †
- from tomatl[ˈtomat͡ɬ]
- Tule †
- from tōllin[ˈtoːlːin], 'reed, bulrush'
Слова из кечуа
- Unless otherwise specified, Words in English from Amerindian Languages is among the sources used for each etymology
A number of words from Quechua have entered English, mostly via Spanish, adopting Hispanicized spellings.
- Ayahuasca †
- from aya "corpse" and waska "rope", via Spanish ayahuasca
- Cachua †
- from qhachwa
- Chuño †
- from ch'uñu
- Coca †
- from kuka, via Spanish coca
- Cocaine †
- from kuka (see above), probably via French cocaïne
- Condor †
- from kuntur, via Spanish cóndor
- Gran Chaco †
- from chaku, "hunt"
- Guanaco †
- from wanaku
- Guano †
- from wanu via Spanish guano
- Inca †
- from Inka "lord, king"
- Jerky †
- from ch'arki, via Spanish charquí
- Lagniappe †
- from yapay, "add, addition", via Spanish la yapa (with the definite articlela).
- Lima †
- from rimay, "speak" (from the name of the city, named for the Rimaq river ("speaking river"))
- Llama †
- from llama, via Spanish
- Mashua †
- from maswa
- Pampa †
- from pampa, "a large plain", via Spanish
- Pisco †
- from pisqu, "bird"
- Puma †
- from puma, via Spanish
- Quinine †
- from kinakina, via Spanish quina
- Quinoa †
- from kinwa, via Spanish quinoa
- Soroche †
- from suruqchi or suruqch'i, " Altitude sickness" [93][94]
- Vicuña †
- from wik'uña, via Spanish vicuña
Слова из эскимосско-алеутских языков
- Anorak †
- from Greenlandic Inuitannoraaq[95]
- Chimo †
- from the Inuktitut word saimo ( ᓴᐃᒧInuktitut pronunciation: [sa.iˈmo], a word of greeting, farewell, and toast before drinking. [96] Used as a greeting and cheer by the Canadian Military Engineers, and more widely in some parts of Southern Ontario and Western Canada, particularly in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan [citation needed]
- Igloo †
- from Inuktitutiglu ( ᐃᒡᓗInuktitut pronunciation: [iɣˈlu]) [97]
- Ilanaaq †
- Inuktitutilanaaq ( ᐃᓚᓈᒃInuktitut pronunciation: [ilanaːk]), "friend". Name of the logo for the 2010 Winter Olympics
- Inuksuk †
- from Inuktitutinuksuk ( ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃInuktitut pronunciation: [inukˈsuk]) [97]
- Kayak †
- from Inuktitutqajaq ( ᖃᔭᖅInuktitut pronunciation: [qaˈjaq]) [97]
- Malamute †
- from InupiaqMalimiut, the name of an Inupiaq subgroup [98]
- Mukluk †
- from Yupikmaklak ( [makɬak]), " bearded seal" [97]
- Nanook †
- from Inuktitut word for polar bear Nanuq ( ᓇᓄᒃInuktitut pronunciation: [naˈnuq]), [99] "polar bear", made famous in English due to a 1922 documentary Nanook of the North, featuring a man with this name.
- Nunatak †
- from Greenlandic Inuit nunataq[100]
- Tiktaalik †
- from Inuktituttiktaalik ( ᑎᒃᑖᓕᒃInuktitut pronunciation: [tiktaːlik]), "large freshwater fish" [101]
- Umiaq †
Слова из араваканских языков
- Anole †
- from an Arawakan language, or possibly Cariban, by way of Frenchanolis. [102][103][104]
- Barbecue †
- from an Arawakan language of Haitibarbakoa, "framework of sticks", [105] via Spanishbarbacoa. [106]
- Buccaneer †
- from an Arawakan languagebuccan, "a wooden frame on which Taínos and Caribs slowly roasted or smoked meat",via Frenchboucane. [107]
- Cacique or cassique †
- from Taíno cacike or Arawak kassequa "chieftain" [108]
- Caiman †
- from a Ta-Maipurean language, "water spirit" (c.f. Garifuna[aɡaiumã]), [109][110] though possibly ultimately of African origin. [111]
- Canoe †
- from Taíno via Spanishcanoa. [112]
- Cassava †
- from Taínocaçabi, "manioc meal", via Spanish or Portuguese. [113]
- Cay †
- from Taíno, by way of Spanish cayo. [114]
- Guaiac †
- from Taínoguayacan via Spanish and Latin. [115]
- Guava †
- from an Arawakan language, by way of Spanish guayaba. [116]
- Hammock †
- from Taíno, via Spanish hamaca. [117]
- Hurricane †
- from Taínohurakán, via Spanish. [118]
- Iguana †
- from an Arawakan language iwana. [119][120]
- Macana †
- from Taínomacana via Spanish.
- Maize †
- from Taínomahís, by way of Spanish. [121][122]
- Mangrove †
- from Taíno, via Spanishmangle or Portuguesemangue. [123]
- Papaya †
- from Taíno. [124]
- Potato †
- from the Taíno word for "papa", via Spanishpatata. [125]
- Savanna †
- from Taínozabana, via Spanish. [126]
- Tobacco †
- probably from an Arawakan language, via Spanish: tabaco. [67]
- Yuca †
- from Taíno, via Spanish. [127]
Слова из тупи-гуарани
- Agouti †
- from Tupi–Guaraníakutí, via Portuguese aguti through French. [128][129][130]
- Cashew †
- from Tupíacaîu, via Portuguese caju. [131]
- Capybara †
- from Guaraníkapibári 'the grass eater ' via Portuguese capivara through French.
- Catupiry †
- from Guaraníkatupyry via Brazilian Portuguese. [132]
- Cayenne †
- from Tupíkyinha via French. [133]
- Cougar †
- ultimately corrupted from Guaraníguaçu ara. [134]
- Jaguar †
- from Tupinambá via Portuguese jaguar through French/jaˈwar-/,. [135][136]
- Jaguarundi †
- from Guaraní via Portuguese.
- Maraca †
- from Tupímaraka via Portuguese.
- Macaw †
- via PortugueseMacau from Tupimacavuana, which may be the name of a type of palm tree the fruit of which the birds eat. [137]
- Manioc †
- from Tupinambá via Portuguese man(d)ioca through French/maniˈʔok-/. [135]
- Petunia †
- from Tupípetun 'smoke' via Portuguese.
- Piranha †
- from Tupí via Portuguese. [138]
- Seriema †
- from Tupinambásiriema 'the crested one' via Portuguese
- Tapioca †
- from Tupinambá via Portuguese/tɨpɨˈʔok-a/, [135] "juice squeezed out". [139]
- Tapir †
- from Tupinambá via Portuguese tapir through French/tapiˈʔir-/. [135]
- Tegu †
- from Tupinambáteiú-guaçú 'big lizard' via Portuguese teiú
- Toucan †
- from Tupinambá via Portuguese tucano through French/tuˈkan-/, [135] via Portuguese and French. [140]
Слова из других языков коренных народов Америки
- Abalone †
- from Rumsenawlun and Ohlonealuan, via Spanishabulón.[141]
- Alpaca †
- from Aymaraallpaka, via Spanish. [142]
- Appaloosa †
- Either named for the Palouse River, whose name comes from Sahaptinpalú:s, "what is standing up in the water"; or for Opelousas, Louisiana, which may come from Choctawapi losa, "black body". [143]
- Bayou †
- from early Choctawbayuk, "creek, river", via French. [144]
- Camas †
- from Nez Perceqémʼes. [145]
- Cannibal †
- via SpanishCaníbalis, from a Cariban language, meaning "person, Indian", [146] (Proto-Cariban *karípona), [147] based on the Spaniards' belief that the Caribs ate human flesh. [148]
- Catalpa †
- from Creekkatałpa "head-wing", with (i)ká, "head" + (i)táłpa, "wing". [149]
- Cenote †
- from Yucatec Mayadzonot or ts'onot[150] meaning "well" [151]
- Cheechako †
- from Chinook Jargon chee + chako, "new come". Chee comes from Lower Chinookčxi, "straightaway", and for chako c.f. Nuuchahnulthčokwaa, "come!" [152]
- Chicha
- via Spanish from Kunachichab, " maize" or from Nahuatl chichiatl, "fermented water."
- Chinook †
- from Lower Chehalistsʼinúk, the name of a village, [153][154] via Chinook Trade Jargon.
- Chuckwalla †
- from Cahuillačáxwal. [155]
- Coho †
- from Halkomelemk̉ʷə́xʷəθ ( [kʷʼəxʷəθ]). [38][156][157]
- Coontie †
- from Creekconti hetaka.
- Coypu †
- from Mapudungun.
- Degu †
- from Mapudungundeuñ, via Spanish.
- Divi-divi †
- from Cumanagoto.
- Dory †
- from Miskitodóri, dúri.
- Eulachon †
- from a Cree adaptation of Chinook Trade Jargonulâkân, [158] itself a borrowing of Clatsapu-tlalxwə(n), "brook trout". [159]
- Geoduck †
- from Lushootseed (Nisqually) gʷídəq. [160][161]
- Guan †
- from Kuna.
- High muckamuck †
- from Chinook Jargon[ˈmʌkəmʌk], "eat, food, drink", of unknown origin. [162]
- Hogan †
- from Navajohooghan. [163]
- Hooch †
- a shortening of "Hoochinoo", the name of a Tlingit village, from Tlingitxutsnuuwú, "brown bear fort". [164][165]
- Kachina †
- from Hopikatsína, "spirit being". [166]
- Kiva †
- from Hopikíva (containing ki-, "house"). [167]
- Kokanee †
- perhaps from Twanakəknǽxw.[168]
- Manatee †
- via Spanishmanatí, from a word in a Cariban language meaning "(woman's) breast". [169][170][171]
- Ohunka
- from Lakota "false", "untrue". [172]
- Piki †
- from Hopi.
- Pogonip †
- from Shoshone/pakɨnappɨ/ ( [paˈɣɨnappɨ̥]), "fog". [173]
- Poncho †
- via Spanish from Mapudungunpontho, [174] "woolen fabric". [175]
- Potato
- via Spanish patata from Haitian Carib batata="sweet potato" [176]
- Potlatch †
- from Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) p̉aƛp̉ač ( [pʼatɬpʼat͡ʃ], reduplication of p̉a, "to make ceremonial gifts in potlatch", with the iterative suffix -č) via Chinook Jargon. [177]
- Salal †
- from Chinook Trade Jargon[səˈlæl], from Lower Chinooksalál. [178]
- Saguaro †
- via Spanish, from some indigenous language, possibly Opata. [179]
- Sasquatch †
- From Halkomelem[ˈsæsqʼəts]. [180]
- Sego †
- from Ute-Southern Paiute/siˈkuʔa/ ( [siˈɣuʔa]). [181]
- sequoia †
- from a Cherokee personal name,
, with no further known etymology. [182] - Sockeye †
- from Halkomelem/ˈsθəqəʔj/. [183]
- Skookum †
- from Chinook Jargon[ˈskukəm], "powerful, supernaturally dangerous", from Lower Chehalisskʷəkʷə́m, "devil, anything evil, spirit monster". [184][185]
- Tamarin †
- from a Cariban language, via French. [186]
- Tipi †
- from Lakotathípi, "house". [65]
- Tupelo †
- Perhaps from Creek’topilwa, "swamp-tree", from íto, "tree" + opílwa, "swamp". [187]
- Wapatoo †
- from Chinook Jargon[ˈwapato], "arrowroot, wild potato", from Upper Chinook[wa]-, a noun prefix + [pato], which comes from Kalapuyan[pdóʔ], "wild potato". [188]
- Wakinyan †
- from Lakotawa, "people/things" + kiŋyaŋ, "to fly". [189]
- Yaupon †
- from Catawbayąpą, from yą, "wood/tree" + pą, "leaf". [190]
Смотрите также
- List of placenames of indigenous origin in the Americas
- List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin
- List of place names in New England of aboriginal origin
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Библиография
- Bright, William (2004). Native American Place Names of the United States. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
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Внешние ссылки
- Words in English from Amerindian Languages
- Online Etymology Dictionary
- Dictionary.com
- Free Dictionary Translation