Feedback

A feedback loop where all outputs of a process are available as causal inputs to that process

Maintaining a desired system performance despite disturbance using negative feedback to reduce system error

An example of a negative feedback loop with goals

A positive feedback loop example

Feedback can give rise to incredibly complex behaviors. The Mandelbrot set (black) within a continuously colored environment is plotted by repeatedly feeding back values through a simple equation and recording the points on the imaginary plane that fail to diverge

The simplest form of a feedback amplifier can be represented by the ideal block diagram made up of unilateral elements.^[36]

A popular op-amp relaxation oscillator.

A 4-bit ring counter using D-type flip flops